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Taxonomic revision of Brasiloniscus (Oniscidea, Pudeoniscidae) with description of a new species
(2018)
The Neotropical genus Brasiloniscus, erected by Lemos de Castro (1973), is revised and validated herein. The genus was originally described including two species, B. maculatus and B. verrucosus, but no type species was designated. According to § 13 of ICZN (1999) the name of the genus is therefore unavailable. Both species are redescribed, and B. maculatus is designated as the type species of the genus. The genus name will thus be available for the systematics of Oniscidea. In addition, a new species, B. littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on material from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
In this study, we report the results of a taxonomic survey of terrestrial isopods from Isla Grande, a ca 2 km2 island located in the north of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. We found a total of 17 species belonging to nine families and 10 genera. Eight of these species have been reported only from the Caribbean region, nine are recorded for the first time in Colombia, and three are new to science and described here: Tylos negroi López-Orozco, Carpio-Díaz & Campos-Filho sp. nov., Stenoniscus nestori López-Orozco, Taiti & Campos-Filho sp. nov. and Armadilloniscus luisi Carpio-Díaz, Taiti & Campos-Filho sp. nov. Our revision also determined that the genus Microphiloscia is a junior synonym of Halophiloscia; and moreover, Halophiloscia trichoniscoides comb. nov. is redescribed. We also provide illustrations for Armadilloniscus caraibicus and Armadilloniscus ninae. Most (16) of the species were found in coastal habitats (i.e., beaches, coastal lagoons and mangroves), whereas the tropical dry forest harbored only two species. Molecular phylogenetic inferences supported the presence of three species of Tylos in Isla Grande (i.e., one new species and a new lineage within each of two known species). Our work on Tylos highlights the importance of combining taxonomic and molecular analyses to support taxonomic decisions and uncover cryptic diversity. Due to the multiple threats to Caribbean coastal habitats, taxonomic and molecular genetic research are urgently needed to understand biodiversity patterns of oniscideans in the Caribbean, which will inform strategies for their protection. Such studies will also contribute to our knowledge of their evolution, ecology, and potential uses, as well as the factors that have shaped the remarkable Caribbean biodiversity.
After the examination of a large collection of Oniscidea from caves in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pará, Sergipe and São Paulo, 12 species were recognized in the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae. Four new species are described: Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. from the Açungui group; Androdeloscia akuanduba sp. nov. and Amazoniscus spica sp. nov. from the Carajás Formation; and Metaprosekia igatuensis sp. nov. from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero karst region. In addition, Atlantoscia inflata, Benthana longicornis, B. olfersii, B. picta and Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Philosciidae) are recorded from Brazilian caves for the first time; and Benthana iporangensis, B. taeniata and Circoniscus bezzii (Scleropactidae) have the knowledge of their distribution extended to cave habitats.
A new genus of Pudeoniscidae from Peru is described, Loretoniscus gen. nov., including a new species: Loretoniscus mashiriaensis gen. et sp. nov. The new genus is characterized by pereonite 1 epimera without dorsolateral furrows, pereonites 1 and 2 without ventral lobes, telson with distal portion covering uropod endopods, and pleopod 1–2 exopods with respiratory areas. This is the first record of the family Pudeoniscidae from Peru, considerably extending its distribution in the Neotropical region.
Two new species of terrestrial isopods are described from iron ore caves in Brazil, within the Amazon biome, Circoniscus mendesi López-Orozco, Campos-Filho & Bichuette sp. nov. and C. xikrin López-Orozco, Campos-Filho & Carpio-Díaz sp. nov. (Scleropactidae). In addition, the knowledge of the distribution of Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 (Armadillidae) is extended to Parauapebas, and Benthanoides tarzan Cardoso & Ferreira, 2023 to south area of the Campos Ferruginosos National Park, both in the State of Pará. Moreover, a distribution map and photographs of the species are given.