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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
(2017)
Observation of enhanced subthreshold K+ production in central collisions between heavy nuclei
(1994)
In the very heavy collision system 197Au+197Au the K+ production process was studied as a function of impact parameter at 1 GeV/nucleon, a beam energy well below the free N-N threshold. The K+ multiplicity increases more than linearly with the number of participant nucleons and the K+/ pi + ratio rises significantly when going from peripheral to central collisions. The measured K+ double differential cross section is enhanced by a factor of 6 compared to microscopic transport calculations if secondary processes (Delta N-->K Lambda N and Delta Delta -->K Lambda N) are ignored.
Triple differential cross sections d3 sigma /dp3 for charged pions produced in symmetric heavy-ion collisions were measured with the KaoS magnetic spectrometer at the heavy-ion synchrotron facility SIS at GSI. The correlations between the momentum vectors of charged pions and the reaction plane in 197Au+197Au collisions at an incident energy of 1 GeV/nucleon were determined. We observe, for the first time, an azimuthally anisotropic distribution of pions, with enhanced emission perpendicular to the reaction plane. The anisotropy is most pronounced for pions of high transverse momentum in semicentral collisions.
Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors in pediatric patients with gonadal germ cell tumors (GCT). Methods: Patients <18 years with ovarian and testicular GCT (respectively OGCT and TGCT) were prospectively registered according to the guidelines of MAKEI 96. After resection of the primary tumor, patients staged ≥II received risk-stratified cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Patients were analyzed in respect to age (six age groups divided into 3-year intervals), histology, stage, and therapy. The primary end point was overall survival. Results: Between January 1996 and March 2016, the following patients were registered: 1047 OGCT, of those, 630 had ovarian teratoma (OTER) and 417 had malignant OGCT (MOGCT); and 418 TGCT, of those, 106 had testicular teratoma (TTER) and 312 had malignant TGCT (MTGCT). Only in MTGCT, older age correlated with a higher proportion of advanced tumors. All 736 teratomas and 240/415 stage I malignant gonadal GCT underwent surgery and close observation alone. In case of watchful waiting, the progression rate of OGCT was higher than that of TGCT. However, death from disease was reported in 8/417 (1.9%) MOGCT and 8/312 (2.6%) MTGCT irrespective of adjuvant chemotherapy and repeated surgery. Conclusions: The different pathogenesis and histogenesis of gonadal GCT reflects sex- and age-specific patterns that define clinically relevant risk groups. Therefore, gender and age should be considered in further research on the biology and clinical practice of pediatric gonadal GCT.
Diese Arbeit trägt dazu bei, die Lutherdarstellung in Lehr- und Schulbüchern der ersten Schulbuchgeneration systematisch zu erschließen. Sie stellt sich der Herausforderung den jeweils spezifischen Akzent der Lutherdarstellung und -konzeption, welcher in den Lehrtexten des Lehrbuchs transportiert wird, herauszuarbeiten und weitergehend im Verbund mit den anderen untersuchten Lehrbüchern auf übergreifende, verbindende und trennende Elemente zu untersuchen. Diese Forschungsarbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Erschließung Luthers sowie ihrer Art und Intensität in dem Medium des Schulbuchs im Kontext der Aufklärung. Insgesamt werden zehn Werke von acht Autoren im Zeitraum von 1780 bis 1817 untersucht, darunter Schulbücher von Johann Matthias Schröckh, Lorenz von Westenrieder und Jakob Brand.
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score is the most frequently used score worldwide for assessing the clinical severity of a stroke. Prior research suggested an association between acute symptomatic seizures after stroke and poorer outcome. We determined the frequency of acute seizures after ischemic stroke in a large population-based registry in a central European region between 2004 and 2016 and identified risk factors for acute seizures in univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, we determined the influence of seizures on morbidity and mortality in a matched case–control design. Our analysis of 135,117 cases demonstrated a seizure frequency of 1.3%. Seizure risk was 0.6% with an NIHSS score at admission <3 points and increased up to 7.0% with >31 score points. Seizure risk was significantly higher in the presence of acute non-neurological infections (odds ratio: 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.8–4.1). A lower premorbid functional level also significantly increased seizure risk (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4–2.0). Mortality in patients with acute symptomatic seizures was almost doubled when compared to controls matched for age, gender, and stroke severity. Acute symptomatic seizures increase morbidity and mortality in ischemic stroke. Their odds increase with a higher NIHSS score at admission.
Background: Clinical trial registries increase transparency in medical research by making information and results of planned, ongoing, and completed studies publicly available. However, the registration of clinical trials remains a time-consuming manual task complicated by the fact that the same studies often need to be registered in different registries with different data entry requirements and interfaces.
Objective: This study investigates how Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) may be used as a standardized format for exchanging and storing clinical trial records.
Methods: We designed and prototypically implemented an open-source central trial registry containing records from university hospitals, which are automatically exported and updated by local study management systems.
Results: We provided an architecture and implementation of a multisite clinical trials registry based on HL7 FHIR as a data storage and exchange format.
Conclusions: The results show that FHIR resources establish a harmonized view of study information from heterogeneous sources by enabling automated data exchange between trial centers and central study registries.
Recent advances in the diagnostic of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) discovered CALRETICULIN (CALR) mutations as a major driver in these disorders. In contrast to JAK2 mutations being mainly associated with polycythaemia vera, CALR mutations are only associated with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET). CALR mutations are present in the majority of PMF and ET patients lacking JAK2 and MPL mutations. As these CALR mutations are absent from reactive bone marrow (BM) lesions their presence indicates ET or PMF. So far these mutations are detectable only by molecular assays. Their molecular detection is cumbersome because of the great CALR mutation heterogeneity. Therefore, the availability of a simple assay would be of great help. All CALR mutations reported lead to a frameshift generating a new 36 amino-acid C-terminus. We generated a monoclonal antibody (CAL2) to this C-neoterminus by immunizing mice with a representative peptide and compared its performance with Sanger sequencing data in 173 MPNs and other BM diseases. There was a 100% correlation between the molecular and the CAL2 immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Thus, the detection of CALR mutations by the CAL2 IHC is a specific, sensitive, rapid, simple and low-cost method.
Background: Approximately every third surgical patient is anemic. The most common form, iron deficiency anemia, results from persisting iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a promising parameter for diagnosing IDE, hitherto requiring blood drawing and laboratory workup.
Study design and methods: Noninvasive ZnPP (ZnPP‐NI) measurements are compared to ZnPP reference determination of the ZnPP/heme ratio by high‐performance liquid chromatography (ZnPP‐HPLC) and the analytical performance in detecting IDE is evaluated against traditional iron status parameters (ferritin, transferrin saturation [TSAT], soluble transferrin receptor–ferritin index [sTfR‐F], soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]), likewise measured in blood. The study was conducted at the University Hospitals of Frankfurt and Zurich.
Results: Limits of agreement between ZnPP‐NI and ZnPP‐HPLC measurements for 584 cardiac and noncardiac surgical patients equaled 19.7 μmol/mol heme (95% confidence interval, 18.0–21.3; acceptance criteria, 23.2 μmol/mol heme; absolute bias, 0 μmol/mol heme). Analytical performance for detecting IDE (inferred from area under the curve receiver operating characteristics) of parameters measured in blood was: ZnPP‐HPLC (0.95), sTfR (0.92), sTfR‐F (0.89), TSAT (0.87), and ferritin (0.67). Noninvasively measured ZnPP‐NI yielded results of 0.90.
Conclusion: ZnPP‐NI appears well suited for an initial IDE screening, informing on the state of erythropoiesis at the point of care without blood drawing and laboratory analysis. Comparison with a multiparameter IDE test revealed that ZnPP‐NI values of 40 μmol/mol heme or less allows exclusion of IDE, whereas for 65 μmol/mol heme or greater, IDE is very likely if other causes of increased values are excluded. In these cases (77% of our patients) ZnPP‐NI may suffice for a diagnosis, while values in between require analyses of additional iron status parameters.
Um die Lehre an Universitäten maßgeblich zu verbessern, werden neben fachübergreifenden Wei-terbildungs- und Unterstützungsangeboten für Lehrende zunehmend auch fachnahe Weiterbil-dungsangebote gefordert und erprobt. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Konzept zur Etablierung eines fach-spezifischen Arbeitskreis Hochschuldidaktik vor, in dem die aktive Rolle der MitarbeiterInnen bei der Ausgestaltung von Lehrkonzepten und der Konzipierung von Weiterbildungsangeboten angeregt und die Kommunikation zwischen den Lehrenden eines Fachbereiches gefördert wird. Exemplarisch wird die Entwicklung des „Arbeitskreis Hochschullehre Evangelische Theologie“ an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus sollen Anregungen gegeben werden, wie die Etablierung ähnlicher Prozesse, die einen ressourcenorientierten Strukturwandel an Fachbereichen anstoßen möchten, gelingen kann. Ziel eines hochschuldidaktischen Arbeitskreises ist es, Lehrende dabei zu unterstützen, Lehre als positive Herausforderung der akademischen Arbeit zu erleben und gemeinsam in einem professionalisierten Rahmen neue Entwicklungen voranzutreiben.