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- autism spectrum disorder (1)
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Institute
Ackermann, K. H. ; Adams, N. ; Adler, Clemens ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Shakeel ; Allgower, Chris ; Amsbaugh, J. ; Anderson, Mike ; Anderssen, E. ; Arnesen, H. ; Arnold, L. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Baldwin, A. ; Balewski, Jan ; Barannikova, Olga ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Baudot, Jérome ; Beddo, M. ; Bekele, Selemon ; Belaga, Victoria Vladimirovna ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bennett, Samuel ; Bercovitz, J. ; Berger, Jens ; Betts, W. ; Bichsel, Hans ; Bieser, F. ; Bland, Leslie C. ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Boehm, J. ; Bonner, Billy E. ; Bonnet, D. ; Bossingham, R. ; Botlo, M. ; Boucham, Abdelkrim ; Bouillo, N. ; Bouvier, S. ; Bradley, K. ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Braithwaite, E. S. ; Braithwaite, Wilfred J. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Brown, R. L. ; Brugalette, G. ; Byrd, C. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cardenas, Andrés ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Carroll, J. ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Caylor, B. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chatopadhyay, S. ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Chikanian, Alexei ; Choi, B. ; Chrin, J. ; Christie, William ; Coffin, Jean Pierre ; Conin, L. ; Consiglio, C. ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Cramer, John G. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Danilov, V. I. ; Dayton, D. ; DeMello, M. ; Deng, W. S. ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dialinas, M. ; Diaz, H. ; DeYoung, P. A. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dimassimo, D. ; Dioguardi, J. ; Dominik, W. ; Drancourt, C. ; Draper, James E. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Dunlop, James C. ; Eckardt, Volker ; Edwards, W. R. ; Efimov, Leonid G. ; Eggert, T. ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Etkin, A. ; Fachini, Patricia ; Feliciano, C. ; Ferenc, D. ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fessler, H. ; Finch, Evan ; Fine, Valeri ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Flores, I. ; Foley, Kenneth John ; Fritz, D. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J. ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Germain, Marie ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghazikhanian, Vahe ; Gojak, C. ; Grabski, J. ; Grachov, Oleg A. ; Grau, M. ; Greiner, D. ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grigoriev, Vladislav A. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gross, J. ; Guilloux, G. ; Gushin, E. ; Hall, J. ; Hallman, Timothy J. ; Hardtke, David H. ; Harper, G. ; Harris, John W. ; He, P. ; Heffner, M. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herston, T. ; Hill, D. ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hirsch, Andrew S. ; Hjort, Eric ; Hoffmann, Gerald W. ; Horsley, M. ; Howe, Mark A. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hümmler, H. ; Hunt, W. ; Hunter, J. ; Igo, George J. ; Ishihara, A. ; Ivanshin, Yu. I. ; Jacobs, P. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jacobson, S. ; Jared, R. ; Jensen, P. ; Johnson, I. ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kaneta, Kaneta ; Kaplan, Morton ; Keane, Declan ; Kenney, V. P. ; Khodinov, A. ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Klyachko, A. ; Koehler, G. ; Konstantinov, A. S. ; Kormilitsyne, V. ; Kotchenda, L. ; Kotov, I. ; Kovalenko, A. D. ; Kramer, M. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Krueger, Keith William ; Krupien, T. ; Kuczewski, P. ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kunde, Gerd J. ; Kunz, Christopher Lee ; Kutuev, R. Kh. ; Kuznetsov, A. A. ; Lakehal-Ayat, L. ; Lamas-Valverde, Jose ; Lamont, Matthew A. C. ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lange, S. ; Lansdell, Curtis Patrick Leon ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Laue, Frank ; Lebedev, Alexei ; LeCompte, T. ; Leonhardt, W. J. ; Leontiev, V. M. ; Leszczynski, P. ; LeVine, Micheal J. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Z. ; Liaw, C.-J. ; Lin, J. ; Lindenbaum, Sam J. ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindstrom, P. J. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, H. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; LoCurto, G. ; Long, H. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Lopez-Noriega, M. ; Lopiano, D. ; Love, William A. ; Lutz, J. R. ; Lynn, David ; Madansky, L. ; Maier, R. ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Maliszewski, A. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Marks, K. ; Marstaller, R. ; Martin, L. ; Marx, Jay N. ; Matis, Howard S. ; Matulenko, Yuri A. ; Matyushevski, E. A. ; McParland, C. ; McShane, Tom S. ; Meier, J. ; Melnick, Yu. ; Meščanin, Aleksei P. ; Middlekamp, P. ; Mikhalin, N. ; Miller, B. ; Milosevich, Z. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Minor, B. ; Mitchell, J. ; Mogavero, E. ; Moiseenko, V. A. ; Moltz, D. ; Moore, C. F. ; Morozov, V. ; Morse, R. ; de Moura, M. M. ; Munhoz, Marcelo Gameiro ; Mutchler, G. S. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nevski, P. ; Ngo, T. ; Nguyen, M. ; Nguyen, T. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Noggle, T. ; Norman, B. ; Nurušev, Sandibek B. ; Nussbaum, T. ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Ogilvie, C. A. ; Olchanski, K. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Olson, Douglas L. ; Ososkov, G. A. ; Ott, G. ; Padrazo, D. ; Paic, Guy ; Pandey, S. U. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Panitkin, Sergei Yurievich ; Pavlinov, Alexei I. ; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan ; Pentia, M. ; Perevotchikov, V. ; Peryt, Wiktor Stanislaw ; Petrov, V. A ; Pinganaud, W. ; Pirogov, S. ; Platner, E. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Polk, I. ; Porile, Norbert T. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Potrebenikova, E. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Puskar-Pasewicz, J. ; Rai, Gulshan ; Rasson, J. ; Ravel, Olivier ; Ray, Robert L. ; Razin, Sergej V. ; Reichhold, Dennis Michael ; Reid, J. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retiere, Fabrice ; Ridiger, Alexey ; Riso, J. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Roberts, Jabus B. ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rogachevski, O. V. ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Russ, D. ; Rykov, Vladimir L. ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sanchez, R. ; Sandler, Z. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sappenfield, P. ; Saulys, A. C. ; Savin, Igor A. ; Schambach, Joachim ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheblien, J. ; Scheetz, R. ; Schlueter, R. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schroeder, Lee S. ; Schulz, M. ; Schüttauf, Andreas ; Sedlmeir, J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seliverstov, D. ; Seyboth, J. ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seymour, R. ; Shakaliev, E. I. ; Shestermanov, Konstantin E. ; Shi, Y. ; Šimanskij, Stepan S. ; Shuman, D. ; Shvetcov, V. S. ; Skoro, Goran P. ; Smirnov, N. ; Smykov, L. P. ; Snellings, Raimond ; Solberg, K. ; Sowinski, James ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stephenson, Edward J. ; Stock, Reinhard ; Stolpovsky, Alexander ; Stone, N. ; Stone, R. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Stroebele, H. ; Struck, Christof ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Sugarbaker, Evan R. ; Suire, Christophe Pierre ; Symons, Timothy James MacNeil ; Takahashi, Jun ; Tang, Aihong ; Tarchini, A. ; Tarzian, J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tikhomirov, V. ; Toledo, Alejandro Szanto de ; Tonse, S. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tonjes, Marguerite Belt ; Trofimov, V. ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Turner, K. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Vakula, I. ; Van Buren, Gene ; VanderMolen, A. M. ; Vanyashin, A. ; Vasilevski, I. M. ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vigdor, Steven E. ; Visser, G. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vu, C. ; Wang, F. ; Ward, H. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Weidenbach, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wenaus, T. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Whitfield, J. P. ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wieman, Howard ; Willson, Robert ; Wilson, K. ; Wirth, Joana ; Wisdom, J. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wolf, J. ; Wood, L. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Z. ; Yakutin, A. E. ; Yamamoto, E. ; Yang, J. ; Yepes, Pablo P. ; Yokosawa, A. ; Yurevich, Vladimir Yurevich ; Zanevski, Y. V. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zimmerman, D. ; Zoulkarneev, R. ; Zubarev, A. N.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV using the STAR TPC at RHIC. The elliptic flow signal, v_2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
Ackermann, K. H. ; Adams, N. ; Adler, Clemens ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Shakeel ; Allgower, Chris ; Amsbaugh, J. ; Anderson, Mike ; Anderssen, E. ; Arnesen, H. ; Arnold, L. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Baldwin, A. ; Balewski, Jan ; Barannikova, Olga ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Baudot, Jérome ; Beddo, Michael E. ; Bekele, Selemon ; Belaga, Victoria Vladimirovna ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bennett, Samuel ; Bercovitz, J. ; Berger, Jens ; Betts, W. ; Bichsel, Hans ; Bieser, Fred ; Bland, Leslie C. ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Boehm, J. ; Bonner, Billy E. ; Bonnet, D. ; Bossingham, R. ; Botlo, M. ; Boucham, Abdelkrim ; Bouillo, N. ; Bouvier, S. ; Bradley, K. ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Braithwaite, E. S. ; Braithwaite, Wilfred J. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Brown, R. L. ; Brugalette, G. ; Byrd, C. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cardenas, Andrés ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Carroll, J. ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Caylor, B. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chatopadhyay, S. ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Chikanian, Alexei ; Choi, B. ; Chrin, J. ; Christie, William ; Coffin, Jean Pierre ; Conin, Laurent ; Consiglio, C. ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Cramer, John G. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Danilov, V. I. ; Dayton, D. ; DeMello, M. ; Deng, W. S. ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dialinas, M. ; Diaz, H. ; DeYoung, P. A. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dimassimo, D. ; Dioguardi, J. ; Dominik, W. ; Drancourt, C. ; Draper, James E. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Dunlop, James C. ; Eckardt, Volker ; Edwards, W. R. ; Efimov, Leonid G. ; Eggert, Tobias ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Etkin, A. ; Fachini, Patricia ; Feliciano, C. ; Ferenc, Daniel ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fessler, H. ; Finch, Evan ; Fine, Valeri ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Flores, I. ; Foley, K. J. ; Fritz, D. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J. ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Germain, Marie ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghazikhanian, Vahe ; Gojak, C. ; Grabski, J. ; Grachov, Oleg A. ; Grau, M. ; Greiner, D. ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grigoriev, Vladislav A. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gross, J. ; Guilloux, G. ; Gushin, E. ; Hall, J. ; Hallman, Timothy J. ; Hardtke, David H. ; Harper, G. ; Harris, John W. ; He, P. ; Heffner, Michael D. ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herston, T. ; Hill, D. ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hirsch, Andrew S. ; Hjort, Eric ; Hoffmann, Gerald W. ; Horsley, M. ; Howe, Mark A. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Hunt, W. ; Hunter, J. ; Igo, George J. ; Ishihara, A. ; Ivanshin, Yu. I. ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jacobson, S. ; Jared, R. ; Jensen, P. ; Johnson, I. ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kaneta, Kaneta ; Kaplan, Morton ; Keane, Declan ; Kenney, V. P. ; Khodinov, A. ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Klyachko, A. ; Koehler, G. ; Konstantinov, A. S. ; Kormilitsyne, V. ; Kotchenda, L. ; Kotov, I. ; Kovalenko, A. D. ; Kramer, M. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Krueger, Keith William ; Krupien, T. ; Kuczewski, P. ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kunde, Gerd J. ; Kunz, Christopher Lee ; Kutuev, R. Kh. ; Kuznetsov, A. A. ; Lakehal-Ayat, L. ; Lamas-Valverde, Jose ; Lamont, Matthew A. C. ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lange, S. ; Lansdell, Curtis Patrick Leon ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Laue, Frank ; Lebedev, Alexei ; LeCompte, T. ; Leonhardt, W. J. ; Leontiev, V. M. ; Leszczynski, P. ; LeVine, Micheal J. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Z. ; Liaw, C.-J. ; Lin, J. ; Lindenbaum, Sam J. ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindstrom, P. J. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, H. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; LoCurto, G. ; Long, H. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Lopez-Noriega, M. ; Lopiano, D. ; Love, William A. ; Lutz, J. R. ; Lynn, David ; Madansky, L. ; Maier, R. ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Maliszewski, A. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Marks, K. ; Marstaller, R. ; Martin, L. ; Marx, Jay N. ; Matis, Howard S. ; Matulenko, Yuri A. ; Matyushevski, E. A. ; McParland, C. ; McShane, Tom S. ; Meier, J. ; Melnick, Yu. ; Meščanin, Aleksei P. ; Middlekamp, P. ; Mikhalin, N. ; Miller, B. ; Milosevich, Z. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Minor, B. ; Mitchell, J. ; Mogavero, E. ; Moiseenko, V. A. ; Moltz, D. ; Moore, C. F. ; Morozov, V. ; Morse, Richard J. ; de Moura, M. M. ; Munhoz, Marcelo Gameiro ; Mutchler, G. S. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nevski, P. ; Ngo, T. ; Nguyen, M. ; Nguyen, T. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Noggle, T. ; Norman, B. ; Nurušev, Sandibek B. ; Nussbaum, Ted ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Ogilvie, C. A. ; Olchanski, K. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Olson, Douglas L. ; Ososkov, Gennadij A. ; Ott, G. ; Padrazo, D. ; Paic, Guy ; Pandey, S. U. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Panitkin, Sergei Yurievich ; Pavlinov, A. I. ; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan ; Pentia, M. ; Perevotchikov, V. ; Peryt, Wiktor Stanislaw ; Petrov, V. A ; Pinganaud, W. ; Pirogov, S. ; Platner, E. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Polk, I. ; Porile, Norbert T. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Potrebenikova, E. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Puskar-Pasewicz, J. ; Rai, Gulshan ; Rasson, J. ; Ravel, Olivier ; Ray, Robert L. ; Razin, Sergej V. ; Reichhold, Dennis Michael ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retiere, Fabrice ; Ridiger, Alexey ; Riso, J. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Roberts, Jabus B. ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rogachevski, O. V. ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Russ, D. ; Rykov, Vladimir L. ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sanchez, R. ; Sandler, Z. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sappenfield, P. ; Saulys, A. C. ; Savin, Igor A. ; Schambach, Joachim ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheblien, J. ; Scheetz, R. ; Schlueter, R. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schroeder, Lee S. ; Schulz, M. ; Schüttauf, Andreas ; Sedlmeir, J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seliverstov, D. ; Seyboth, J. ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seymour, R. ; Shakaliev, E. I. ; Shestermanov, Konstantin E. ; Shi, Y. ; Shimanskii, S. S. ; Shuman, Derek ; Shvetcov, V. S. ; Skoro, Goran P. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Smykov, L. P. ; Snellings, Raimond ; Solberg, K. ; Sowinski, James ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar ; Stephenson, Edward J. ; Stock, Reinhard ; Stolpovsky, Alexander ; Stone, N. ; Stone, R. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Struck, Christof ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Sugarbaker, Evan R. ; Suire, Christophe Pierre ; Symons, Timothy James MacNeil ; Takahashi, Jun ; Tang, Aihong ; Tarchini, A. ; Tarzian, J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tikhomirov, V. ; Toledo, Alejandro Szanto de ; Tonse, Shaheen ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tonjes, Marguerite Belt ; Trofimov, V. ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Turner, K. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Vakula, I. ; Van Buren, Gene ; VanderMolen, A. M. ; Vanyashin, A. ; Vasilevski, I. M. ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vigdor, Steven E. ; Visser, G. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vu, C. ; Wang, F. ; Ward, H. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Weidenbach, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wenaus, T. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Whitfield, J. P. ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wieman, Howard ; Willson, Robert ; Wilson, K. ; Wirth, Joana ; Wisdom, J. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wolf, J. ; Wood, Lindsay ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Z. ; Yakutin, A. E. ; Yamamoto, E. ; Yang, J. ; Yepes, Pablo P. ; Yokosawa, A. ; Yurevich, Vladimir Yurevich ; Zanevski, Y. V. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zimmerman, D. ; Zoulkarneev, R. ; Zubarev, A. N.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
Théry, Clotilde ; Witwer, Kenneth W. ; Aikawa, Elena ; Alcaraz, Maria Jose ; Anderson, Johnathon D. ; Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson ; Antoniou, Anna ; Arab, Tanina ; Archer, Fabienne ; Atkin-Smith, Georgia K. ; Ayre, D. Craig ; Bach, Jean-Marie ; Bachurski, Daniel ; Baharvand, Hossein ; Balaj, Leonora ; Baldacchino, Shawn ; Bauer, Natalie N. ; Baxter, Amy A. ; Bebawy, Mary ; Beckham, Carla ; Zavec, Apolonija Bedina ; Benmoussa, Abderrahim ; Berardi, Anna C. ; Bergese, Paolo ; Bielska, Ewa ; Blenkiron, Cherie ; Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia ; Boilard, Eric ; Boireau, Wilfrid ; Bongiovanni, Antonella ; Borràs, Francesc E. ; Bosch, Steffi ; Boulanger, Chantal M. ; Breakefield, Xandra ; Breglio, Andrew M. ; Brennan, Meadhbh Aín ; Brigstock, David R. ; Brisson, Alain ; Broekman, Marike L. D. ; Bromberg, Jacqueline F. ; Bryl-Gorecka, Paulina ; Buch, Shilpa ; Buck, Amy H. ; Burger, Dylan ; Busatto, Sara ; Buschmann, Dominik ; Bussolati, Benedetta ; Buzás, Edit I. ; Byrd, James Bryan ; Camussi, Giovanni ; Carter, David R. F. ; Caruso, Sarah ; Chamley, Lawrence W. ; Chang, Yu-Ting ; Chen, Chihchen ; Chen, Shuai ; Cheng, Lesley ; Chin, Andrew R. ; Clayton, Aled ; Clerici, Stefano P. ; Cocks, Alex ; Cocucci, Emanuele ; Coffey, Robert J. ; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela ; Couch, Yvonne ; Coumans, Frank A. W. ; Coyle, Beth ; Crescitelli, Rossella ; Criado, Miria Ferreira ; D’Souza-Schorey, Crislyn ; Das, Saumya ; Chaudhuri, Amrita Datta ; de-Candia, Paola ; De Santana, Eliezer F. ; De Wever, Olivier ; del Portillo, Hernando A. ; Demaret, Tanguy ; Deville, Sarah ; Devitt, Andrew ; Dhondt, Bert ; Di Vizio, Dolores ; Dieterich, Lothar C. ; Dolo, Vincenza ; Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula ; Dominici, Massimo ; Dourado, Mauricio R. ; Driedonks, Tom A. P. ; Duarte, Filipe V. ; Duncan, Heather M. ; Eichenberger, Ramon Marc ; Ekström, Karin ; El Andaloussi, Samir ; Elie-Caille, Celine ; Erdbrügger, Uta ; Falcón-Pérez, Juan M. ; Fatima, Farah ; Fish, Jason E. ; Flores-Bellver, Miguel ; Försönits, András ; Frelet-Barrand, Annie ; Fricke, Fabia ; Fuhrmann, Gregor ; Gabrielsson, Susanne ; Gámez-Valero, Ana ; Gardiner, Chris ; Gärtner, Kathrin ; Gaudin, Raphael ; Gho, Yong Song ; Giebel, Bernd ; Gilbert, Caroline ; Gimona, Mario ; Giusti, Ilaria ; Goberdhan, Deborah C. I. ; Görgens, André ; Gorski, Sharon M. ; Greening, David W. ; Groß, Julia Christina ; Gualerzi, Alice ; Gupta, Gopal N. ; Gustafson, Dakota ; Handberg, Aase ; Haraszti, Réka Ágnes ; Harrison, Paul ; Hegyesi, Hargita ; Hendrix, An ; Hill, Andrew F. ; Hochberg, Fred H. ; Hoffmann, Karl F. ; Holder, Beth ; Holthofer, Harry ; Hosseinkhani, Baharak ; Hu, Guoku ; Huang, Yiyao ; Huber, Veronica ; Hunt, Stuart ; Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin ; Ikezu, Tsuneya ; Inal, Jameel M. ; Isin, Mustafa ; Ivanova, Alena ; Jackson, Hannah K. ; Jacobsen, Soren ; Jay, Steven M. ; Jayachandran, Muthuvel ; Jenster, Guido ; Jiang, Lanzhou ; Johnson, Suzanne M. ; Jones, Jennifer C. ; Jong, Ambrose ; Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana ; Jung, Stephanie ; Kalluri, Raghu ; Kano, Shin-ichi ; Kaur, Sukhbir ; Kawamura, Yumi ; Keller, Evan T. ; Khamari, Delaram ; Khomyakova, Elena ; Khvorova, Anastasia ; Kierulf, Peter ; Kim, Kwang Pyo ; Kislinger, Thomas ; Klingeborn, Mikael ; Klinke, David J. ; Kornek, Miroslaw ; Kosanović, Maja M. ; Kovács, Árpád Ferenc ; Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria ; Krasemann, Susanne ; Krause, Mirja ; Kurochkin, Igor V. ; Kusuma, Gina D. ; Kuypers, Sören ; Laitinen, Saara ; Langevin, Scott M. ; Languino, Lucia R. ; Lannigan, Joanne ; Lässer, Cecilia ; Laurent, Louise C. ; Lavieu, Gregory ; Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa ; Le Lay, Soazig ; Lee, Myung-Shin ; Lee, Yi Xin Fiona ; Lemos, Debora S. ; Lenassi, Metka ; Leszczynska, Aleksandra ; Li, Isaac T. S. ; Liao, Ke ; Libregts, Sten F. ; Ligeti, Erzsebet ; Lim, Rebecca ; Lim, Sai Kiang ; Linē, Aija ; Linnemannstöns, Karen ; Llorente, Alicia ; Lombard, Catherine Ann ; Lorenowicz, Magdalena J. ; Lörincz, Ákos M. ; Lötvall, Jan ; Lovett, Jason ; Lowry, Michelle C. ; Loyer, Xavier ; Lu, Quan ; Lukomska, Barbara ; Lunavat, Taral Rameshchand ; Maas, Sybren L. N. ; Malhi, Harmeet ; Marcilla, Antonio ; Mariani, Jacopo ; Mariscal, Javier ; Martens-Uzunova, Elena S. ; Martin-Jaular, Lorena ; Martinez, M. Carmen ; Martins, Vilma Regina ; Mathieu, Mathilde ; Mathivanan, Suresh ; Maugeri, Marco ; McGinnis, Lynda K. ; McVey, Mark J. ; Meckes, David G. ; Meehan, Katie ; Mertens, Inge ; Minciacchi, Valentina R. ; Möller, Andreas ; Møller Jørgensen, Malene ; Morales-Kastresana, Aizea ; Morhayim, Jess ; Mullier, François ; Muraca, Maurizio ; Musante, Luca ; Mussack, Veronika ; Muth, Dillon C. ; Myburgh, Kathryn H. ; Najrana, Tanbir ; Nawaz, Muhammad ; Nazarenko, Irina ; Nejsum, Peter ; Neri, Christian ; Neri, Tommaso ; Nieuwland, Rienk ; Nimrichter, Leonardo ; Nolan, John P. ; Nolte-’t Hoen, Esther N. M. ; Hooten, Nicole Noren ; O’Driscoll, Lorraine ; O’Grady, Tina ; O’Loghlen, Ana ; Ochiya, Takahiro ; Olivier, Martin ; Ortiz, Alberto ; Ortiz, Luis A. ; Osteikoetxea, Xabier ; Østergaard, Ole ; Ostrowski, Matias ; Park, Jaesung ; Pegtel, Dirk Michiel ; Peinado, Hector ; Perut, Francesca ; Pfaffl, Michael ; Phinney, Donald G. ; Pieters, Bartijn C. H. ; Pink, Ryan Charles ; Pisetsky, David S. ; Pogge von Strandmann, Elke ; Polakovicova, Iva ; Poon, Ivan K. H. ; Powell, Bonita H. ; Prada, Ilaria ; Pulliam, Lynn ; Quesenberry, Peter ; Radeghieri, Annalisa ; Raffai, Robert L. ; Raimondo, Stefania ; Rak, Janusz ; Ramirez, Marcel I. ; Raposo, Graça ; Rayyan, Morsi S. ; Regev-Rudzki, Neta ; Ricklefs, Franz Lennard ; Robbins, Paul D. ; Roberts, David D. ; Rodrigues, Silvia C. ; Rohde, Eva ; Rome, Sophie ; Rouschop, Kasper M. ; Rughetti, Aurelia ; Russell, Ashley E. ; Saá, Paula ; Sahoo, Susmita ; Salas-Huenuleo, Edison ; Sánchez, Catherine ; Saugstad, Julie A. ; Saul, Meike J. ; Schiffelers, Raymond M. ; Schneider, Raphael ; Schøyen, Tine Hiorth ; Scott, Aaron ; Shahaj, Eriomina ; Sharma, Shivani ; Shatnyeva, Olga ; Shekari, Faezeh ; Shelke, Ganesh Vilas ; Shetty, Ashok K. ; Shiba, Kiyotaka ; Siljander, Pia R.-M. ; Silva, Andreia M. ; Skowronek, Agata ; Snyder, Orman L. ; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro ; Sódar, Barbara W. ; Soekmadji, Carolina ; Sotillo, Javier ; Stahl, Philip D. ; Stoorvogel, Willem ; Stott, Shannon L. ; Strasser, Erwin F. ; Swift, Simon ; Tahara, Hidetoshi ; Tewari, Muneesh ; Timms, Kate ; Tiwari, Swasti ; Tixeira, Rochelle ; Tkach, Mercedes ; Toh, Wei Seong ; Tomasini, Richard ; Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia ; Tosar, Juan Pablo ; Toxavidis, Vasilis ; Urbanelli, Lorena ; Vader, Pieter ; Balkom, Bastiaan Wilhelmus Maria van ; Grein, Susanne G. van der ; Van Deun, Jan ; Herwijnen, Martijn J. C. van ; Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall R. ; Niel, Guillaume van ; Royen, Martin E. van ; Wijnen, Andre J. van ; Vasconcelos, M. Helena ; Vechetti, Ivan J. ; Veit, Tiago D. ; Vella, Laura J. ; Velot, Émilie ; Verweij, Frederik ; Vestad, Beate ; Viñas, Jose Luis ; Visnovitz, Tamás ; Vukman, Krisztina V. ; Wahlgren, Jessica ; Watson, Dionysios C. ; Wauben, Marca H. M. ; Weaver, Alissa ; Webber, Jason P. ; Weber, Viktoria ; Wehman, Ann M. ; Weiss, Daniel J. ; Welsh, Joshua A. ; Wendt, Sebastian ; Wheelock, Åsa M. ; Wiener, Zoltán ; Witte, Leonie ; Wolfram, Joy ; Xagorari, Angeliki ; Xander, Patricia ; Xu, Jing ; Yan, Xiaomei ; Yáñez-Mó, María ; Yin, Hang ; Yuana, Yuana ; Zappulli, Valentina ; Zarubova, Jana ; Žėkas, Vytautas ; Zhang, Jian-ye ; Zhao, Zezhou ; Zheng, Lei ; Zheutlin, Alexander R. ; Zickler, Antje Maria ; Zimmermann, Pascale ; Zivkovic, Angela M. ; Zocco, Davide ; Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Hudson, Lawrence N. ; Newbold, Tim ; Contu, Sara ; Hill, Samantha L. L. ; Lysenko, Igor ; Palma, Adriana de ; Phillips, Helen R. P. ; Senior, Rebecca A. ; Bennett, Dominic J. ; Booth, Hollie ; Choimes, Argyrios ; Correia, David L. P. ; Day, Julie ; Echeverria-Londono, Susy ; Garon, Morgan ; Harrison, Michelle L. K. ; Ingram, Daniel J. ; Jung, Martin ; Kemp, Victoria ; Kirkpatrick, Lucinda ; Martin, Callum D. ; Pan, Yuan ; White, Hannah J. ; Aben, Job ; Abrahamczyk, Stefan ; Adum, Gilbert B. ; Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia ; Aizen, Marcelo ; Ancrenaz, Marc ; Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique ; Armbrecht, Inge ; Azhar, Badrul ; Azpiroz, Adrián B. ; Baeten, Lander ; Báldi, András ; Banks, John E. ; Barlow, Jos ; Batáry, Péter ; Bates, Adam J. ; Bayne, Erin M. ; Beja, Pedro ; Berg, Åke ; Berry, Nicholas J. ; Bicknell, Jake E. ; Bihn, Jochen H. ; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin ; Boekhout, Teun ; Boutin, Celine ; Bouyer, Jeremy ; Brearley, Francis Q. ; Brito, Isabel ; Brunet, Jörg ; Buczkowski, Grzegorz ; Buscardo, Erika ; Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy ; Calvino-Cancela, Maria ; Cameron, Sydney A. ; Cancello, Eliana M. ; Carrijo, Tiago F. ; Carvalho, Anelena L. ; Castro, Helena ; Castro-Luna, Alejandro Antonio ; Cerda, Rolando ; Cerezo, Alexis ; Chauvat, Matthieu ; Clarke, Frank M. ; Cleary, Daniel F. R. ; Connop, Stuart P. ; D'Aniello, Biagio ; Silva, Pedro Giovani da ; Darvill, Ben ; Dauber, Jens ; Dejean, Alain ; Diekötter, Tim ; Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth ; Dormann, Carsten F. ; Dumont, Bertrand ; Dures, Simon G. ; Dynesius, Mats ; Edenius, Lars ; Elek, Zoltan ; Entling, Martin H. ; Farwig, Nina ; Fayle, Tom M. ; Felicioli, Antonio ; Felton, Annika M. ; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco ; Filgueiras, Bruno K. C. ; Fonte, Steve J. ; Fraser, Lauchlan H. ; Fukuda, Daisuke ; Furlani, Dario ; Ganzhorn, Jörg U. ; Garden, Jenni G. ; Gheler-Costa, Carla ; Giordani, Paolo ; Giordano, Simonetta ; Gottschalk, Marco S. ; Goulson, Dave ; Gove, Aaron D. ; Grogan, James ; Hanley, Mick E. ; Hanson, Thor ; Hashim, Nor R. ; Hawes, Joseph E. ; Hébert, Christian ; Helden, Alvin J. ; Henden, John-André ; Hernández, Lionel ; Herzog, Felix ; Higuera-Diaz, Diego ; Hilje, Branko ; Horgan, Finbarr G. ; Horvath, Roland ; Hylander, Kristoffer ; Horvath, Roland ; Isaacs-Cubides, Paola ; Ishitani, Mashiro ; Jacobs, Carmen T. ; Jaramillo, Victor J. ; Jauker, Birgit ; Jonsell, Matts ; Jung, Thomas S. ; Kapoor, Vena ; Kati, Vassiliki ; Katovai, Eric ; Kessler, Michael ; Knop, Eva ; Kolb, Annette ; Körösi, Àdám ; Lachat, Thibault ; Lantschner, Victoria ; Le Féon, Violette ; LeBuhn, Gretchen ; Légaré, Jean-Philippe ; Letcher, Susan G. ; Littlewood, Nick A. ; López-Quintero, Carlos A. ; Louhaichi, Mounir ; Lövei, Gabor L. ; Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban ; Luja, Victor H. ; Maeto, Kaoru ; Magura, Tibor ; Mallari, Neil Aldrin D. ; Marin-Spiotta, Erika ; Marshall, Edward Jon P. ; Martínez, Eliana ; Mayfield, Margaret M. ; Mikusinski, Gregorz ; Milder, Jeffery C. ; Miller, James R. ; Morales, Carolina L. ; Muriithi-Muchane, Mary Nyawira ; Muchane, Muchai ; Naidoo, Robin ; Nakamura, Akihiro ; Naoe, Shoji ; Nates-Parra, Guiomar ; Navarerete Gutierrez, Dario A. ; Neuschulz, Eike Lena ; Noreika, Norbertas ; Norfolk, Olivia ; Noriega, Jorge Ari ; Nöske, Nicole M. ; O'Dea, Niall ; Oduro, William ; Ofori-Boateng, Caleb ; Oke, Chris O. ; Osgathorpe, Lynne M. ; Paritsis, Juan ; Parrah, Alejandro ; Pelegrin, Nicolás ; Peres, Carlos A. ; Persson, Anna S. ; Petanidou, Theodora ; Phalan, Ben ; Philips, T. Keith ; Poveda, Katja ; Power, Eileen F. ; Presley, Steven J. ; Proença, Vânia ; Quaranta, Marino ; Quintero, Carolina ; Redpath-Downing, Nicola A. ; Reid, J. Leighton ; Reis, Yana T. ; Ribeiro, Danilo B. ; Richardson, Barbara A. ; Richardson, Michael J. ; Robles, Carolina A. ; Römbke, Jörg ; Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad ; Rosselli, Loreta ; Rossiter, Stephen J. ; Roulston, T'ai H. ; Rousseau, Laurent ; Sadler, Jonathan P. ; Sáfián, Szbolcs ; Saldaña-Vásquez, Romeo A. ; Samnegård, Ulrika ; Schüepp, Christof ; Schweiger, Oliver ; Sedlock, Jodi L. ; Shahabuddin, Ghazala ; Sheil, Douglas ; Silva, Fernando A. B. ; Slade, Eleanor ; Smith-Pardo, Allan H. ; Sodhi, Navjot S. ; Somarriba, Eduardo J. ; Sosa, Ramón A. ; Stout, Jane C. ; Struebig, Matthew J. ; Sung, Yik-Hei ; Threlfall, Caragh G. ; Tonietto, Rebecca ; Tóthmérész, Béla ; Tscharntke, Teja ; Turner, Edgar C. ; Tylianakis, Jason M. ; Vanbergen, Adam J. ; Vassilev, Kiril ; Verboven, Hans A. F. ; Vergara, Carlos H. ; Vergara, Pablo M. ; Verhulst, Jort ; Walker, Tony R. ; Wang, Yanping ; Watling, James I. ; Wells, Konstans ; Williams, Christopher D. ; Willig, Michael R. ; Woinarski, John Casimir Zichy ; Wolf, Jan H. D. ; Woodcock, Ben A. ; Yu, Douglas W. ; Zailsev, Andreys ; Collen, Ben ; Ewers, Rob M. ; Mace, Georgina M. ; Purves, Drew W. ; Scharlemann, Jörn P. W. ; Pervis, Andy
Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barna, Daniel ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Barton, Robert Allan ; Białkowska, Helena ; Billmeier, Anja ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Brun, René ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cristinziani, Markus ; Csató, Péter ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, Matthias ; Gabler, Frank ; Ganz, Rudolf ; Geist, W. ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John William ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Konashenok, Anton ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Liu, F. ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, J. M. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Snellings, Raimond ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Struck, Christof ; Šuša, Tatjana ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Veres, Gábor I. ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Xu, Nu ; Yates, Tim A. ; Zimányi, József ; Zhu, Xue-Zhou ; Zybert, Ryszard
We report measurements of Xi and Xi-bar hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0.12 for Xi, and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for Xi-bar, leading to the ratio of Xi-bar/Xi = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi particles in Pb+Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi production in properly scaled p+p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi production in Pb+Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions.
Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Barton, Robert Allan ; Białkowska, Helena ; Billmeier, Anja ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Brun, René ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Csato, Peter ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltan ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, Matthias ; Gabler, Frank ; Gal, Jozsef ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sandor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Peter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Palla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Sikler, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpetery, Imre ; Sziklay, Janos ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalage, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Yates, Tim A. ; Xu, Nu ; Zimanyi, Jozsef ; Zhu, Xue-Zhou ; Zybert, Ryszard
Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.
Ganz, Rudolf ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barna, Daniel ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Barton, Robert Allan ; Białkowska, Helena ; Billmeier, Anja ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Brun, René ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cristinziani, Markus ; Csato, Péter ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, M. ; Gabler, Frank ; Gal, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Gunther, J. ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnar, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Palla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Puhlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Sikler, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpetery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Veres, Gábor I. ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Yates, Tim A. ; Zimanyi, József ; Zhu, X.Z. ; Zybert, Ryszard
The large acceptance TPCs of the NA49 spectrometer allow for a systematic multidimensional study of two-particle correlations in different part of phase space. Results from Bertsch-Pratt and Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii parametrizations are presented differentially in transverse pair momentum and pair rapidity. These studies give an insight into the dynamical space-time evolution of relativistic Pb+Pb collisions, which is dominated by longitudinal expansion.
Anney, Richard ; Klei, Lambertus ; Pinto, Dalila ; Regan, Regina ; Conroy, Judith ; Magalhães, Tiago R. ; Correia, Catarina ; Abrahams, Brett S. ; Sykes, Nuala ; Pagnamenta, Alistair T. ; Almeida, Joana ; Bacchelli, Elena ; Bailey, Anthony J. ; Baird, Gillian ; Battaglia, Agatino ; Berney, Tom ; Bolshakova, Nadia ; Bölte, Sven ; Bolton, Patrick F. ; Bourgeron, Thomas ; Brennan, Sean ; Brian, Jessica ; Carson, Andrew R. ; Casallo, Guillermo ; Casey, Jillian ; Chu, Su H. ; Cochrane, Lynne ; Corsello, Christina ; Crawford, Emily L. ; Crossett, Andrew ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Jonge, Maretha de ; Delorme, Richard ; Drmic, Irene ; Duketis, Eftichia ; Duque, Frederico ; Estes, Annette ; Farrar, Penny ; Fernandez, Bridget A. ; Folstein, Susan E. ; Fombonne, Eric ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Gilbert, John ; Gillberg, Christopher ; Glessner, Joseph T. ; Goldberg, Jeremy ; Green, Jonathan ; Guter, Stephen J. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Heron, Elizabeth A. ; Hill, Matthew ; Holt, Richard ; Howe, Jennifer L. ; Hughes, Gillian ; Hus, Vanessa ; Igliozzi, Roberta ; Kim, Cecilia ; Klauck, Sabine M. ; Kolevzon, Alexander ; Korvatska, Olena ; Kustanovich, Vlad ; Lajonchere, Clara M. ; Lamb, Janine A. ; Laskawiec, Magdalena ; Leboyer, Marion ; Le Couteur, Ann ; Leventhal, Bennett L. ; Lionel, Anath C. ; Liu, Xiao-Qing ; Lord, Catherine ; Lotspeich, Linda ; Lund, Sabata C. ; Maestrini, Elena ; Mahoney, William ; Mantoulan, Carine ; Marshall, Christian R. ; McConachie, Helen ; McDougle, Christopher J. ; McGrath, Jane ; McMahon, William M. ; Melhem, Nadine M. ; Merikangas, Alison ; Migita, Ohsuke ; Minshew, Nancy J. ; Mirza, Ghazala K. ; Munson, Jeff ; Nelson, Stanley F. ; Noakes, Carolyn ; Noor, Abdul ; Nygren, Gudrun ; Oliveira, Guiomar ; Papanikolaou, Katerina ; Parr, Jeremy R. ; Parrini, Barbara ; Paton, Tara ; Pickles, Andrew ; Piven, Joseph ; Posey, David J. ; Poustka, Annemarie ; Poustka, Fritz ; Prasad, Aparna ; Ragoussis, Jiannis ; Renshaw, Katy ; Rickaby, Jessica ; Roberts, Wendy ; Roeder, Kathryn ; Roge, Bernadette ; Rutter, Michael L. ; Bierut, Laura Jean ; Rice, John P. ; Salt, Jeff ; Sansom, Katherine ; Sato, Daisuke ; Segurado, Ricardo ; Senman, Lili ; Shah, Naisha ; Sheffield, Val C. ; Soorya, Latha ; Sousa, Inês ; Stoppioni, Vera ; Strawbridge, Christina ; Tancredi, Raffaella ; Tansey, Katherine ; Thiruvahindrapduram, Bhooma ; Thompson, Ann P. ; Thomson, Susanne ; Tryfon, Ana ; Tsiantis, John ; Engeland, Herman van ; Vincent, John B. ; Volkmar, Fred ; Wallace, Simon ; Wang, Kai ; Wang, Zhouzhi ; Wassink, Thomas H. ; Wing, Kirsty ; Wittemeyer, Kerstin ; Wood, Shawn ; Yaspan, Brian L. ; Zurawiecki, Danielle ; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie ; Betancur, Catalina ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Cantor, Rita M. ; Cook, Edwin H. ; Coon, Hilary ; Cuccaro, Michael L. ; Gallagher, Louise ; Geschwind, Daniel H. ; Gill, Michael ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Miller, Judith ; Monaco, Anthony P. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; Paterson, Andrew D. ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Scherer, Stephen W. ; Sutcliffe, James S. ; Szatmari, Peter ; Vicente, Astrid M. ; Vieland, Veronica J. ; Wijsman, Ellen M. ; Devlin, Bernie ; Ennis, Sean ; Hallmayer, Joachim
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
Dongen, Jenny van ; Hagenbeek, Fiona A. ; Suderman, Matthew ; Roetman, Peter J. ; Sugden, Karen ; Geburtig-Chiocchetti, Andreas ; Ismail, Khadeeja ; Mulder, Rosa H. ; Hafferty, Jonathan D. ; Adams, Mark J. ; Walker, Rosie M. ; Morris, Stewart W. ; Lahti, Jari ; Küpers, Leanne K. ; Escaramis, Georgia ; Alemany, Silvia ; Bonder, Marc Jan ; Meijer, Mandy ; Ip, Hill F. ; Jansen, Rick ; Baselmans, Bart M. L. ; Parmar, Priyanka ; Lowry, Estelle ; Streit, Fabian ; Sirignano, Lea ; Send, Tabea S. ; Frank, Josef ; Jylhävä, Juulia ; Wang, Yunzhang ; Mishra, Pashupati Prasad ; Colins, Olivier F. ; Corcoran, David L. ; Poulton, Richie ; Mill, Jonathan ; Hannon, Eilis ; Arseneault, Louise ; Korhonen, Tellervo ; Vuoksimaa, Eero ; Felix, Janine F. ; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. ; Campbell, Archie ; Czamara, Darina ; Binder, Elisabeth ; Corpeleijn, Eva ; González Ruiz, Juan Ramon ; Grazuleviciene, Regina ; Gutzkow, Kristine B. ; Evandt, Jorunn ; Vafeiadi, Marina ; Klein, Marieke ; Meer, Dennis van der ; Ligthart, Lannie ; Heijmans, Bastiaan Theodoor ; Hoen, Peter A. C. 't ; Meurs, Joyce Berdina Josepha van ; Franke, Lude ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Pool, René ; Hottenga, Jouke J. ; Greevenbroek, Marleen M. J. van ; Stehouwer, Coen D. A. ; Kallen, Carla J. H. van der ; Schalkwijk, Casper G. ; Wijmenga, Cisca ; Zhernakova, Sasha ; Tigchelaar, Ettje F. ; Slagboom, P. Eline ; Beekman, Marian ; Deelen, Joris ; Heemst, Diana van ; Veldink, Jan H. ; Berg, Leonard H. van den ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van ; Hofman, Bert A. ; Isaacs, Aaron ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Jhamai, P. Mila ; Verbiest, Michael ; Suchiman, H. Eka D. ; Verkerk, Marijn ; Breggen, Ruud van der ; Rooij, Jeroen van ; Lakenberg, Nico ; Mei, Hailiang ; Iterson, Maarten van ; Galen, Michiel van ; Bot, Jan ; Zhernakova, Dasha V. ; Hof, Peter van ’t ; Deelen, Patrick ; Nooren, Irene ; Moed, Matthijs ; Vermaat, Martijn ; Luijk, René ; Dijk, Freerk van ; Arindrarto, Wibowo ; Kielbasa, Szymon M. ; Swertz, Morris A. ; Zwet, Erik. W. van ; Hoen, Peter-Bram ’t ; Kluft, Cornelis ; Davies, Gareth E. ; Hakulinen, Christian ; Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa ; Franke, Barbara ; Freitag, Christine M. ; Konrad, Kerstin ; Hervás, Amaia ; Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu ; Vetro, Agnes ; Raitakari, Olli ; Lehtimäki, Terho ; Vermeiren, Robert ; Strandberg, Timo ; Räikkönen, Katri ; Snieder, Harold ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Deuschle, Michael ; Pedersen, Nancy L. ; Hägg, Sara ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Ollikainen, Miina ; Moffitt, Terrie E. ; Tiemeier, Henning ; IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van ; Relton, Caroline ; Vrijheid, Martine ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Caspi, Avshalom ; Evans, Kathryn L. ; McIntosh, Andrew M. ; Bartels, Meike
DNA methylation profiles of aggressive behavior may capture lifetime cumulative effects of genetic, stochastic, and environmental influences associated with aggression. Here, we report the first large meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of aggressive behavior (N = 15,324 participants). In peripheral blood samples of 14,434 participants from 18 cohorts with mean ages ranging from 7 to 68 years, 13 methylation sites were significantly associated with aggression (alpha = 1.2 × 10−7; Bonferroni correction). In cord blood samples of 2425 children from five cohorts with aggression assessed at mean ages ranging from 4 to 7 years, 83% of these sites showed the same direction of association with childhood aggression (r = 0.74, p = 0.006) but no epigenome-wide significant sites were found. Top-sites (48 at a false discovery rate of 5% in the peripheral blood meta-analysis or in a combined meta-analysis of peripheral blood and cord blood) have been associated with chemical exposures, smoking, cognition, metabolic traits, and genetic variation (mQTLs). Three genes whose expression levels were associated with top-sites were previously linked to schizophrenia and general risk tolerance. At six CpGs, DNA methylation variation in blood mirrors variation in the brain. On average 44% (range = 3–82%) of the aggression–methylation association was explained by current and former smoking and BMI. These findings point at loci that are sensitive to chemical exposures with potential implications for neuronal functions. We hope these results to be a starting point for studies leading to applications as peripheral biomarkers and to reveal causal relationships with aggression and related traits.
Kersemans, Veerle ; Beech, John S. ; Gilchrist, Stuart ; Kinchesh, Paul ; Allen, Philip D. ; Thompson, James ; Gomes, Ana L. ; D’Costa, Zenobia ; Bird, Luke ; Tullis, Iain D. C. ; Newman, Robert G. ; Corroyer-Dulmont, Aurélien ; Falzone, Nadia ; Azad, Abul ; Vallis, Katherine ; Sansom, Owen J. ; Muschel, Ruth J. ; Vojnovic, Borivoj ; Hill, Mark A. ; Fokas, Emmanouil ; Smart, Sean C.
Introduction: Preclinical CT-guided radiotherapy platforms are increasingly used but the CT images are characterized by poor soft tissue contrast. The aim of this study was to develop a robust and accurate method of MRI-guided radiotherapy (MR-IGRT) delivery to abdominal targets in the mouse.
Methods: A multimodality cradle was developed for providing subject immobilisation and its performance was evaluated. Whilst CT was still used for dose calculations, target identification was based on MRI. Each step of the radiotherapy planning procedure was validated initially in vitro using BANG gel dosimeters. Subsequently, MR-IGRT of normal adrenal glands with a size-matched collimated beam was performed. Additionally, the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma xenograft model and the transgenic KPC model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were used to demonstrate the applicability of our methods for the accurate delivery of radiation to CT-invisible abdominal tumours.
Results: The BANG gel phantoms demonstrated a targeting efficiency error of 0.56 ± 0.18 mm. The in vivo stability tests of body motion during MR-IGRT and the associated cradle transfer showed that the residual body movements are within this MR-IGRT targeting error. Accurate MR-IGRT of the normal adrenal glands with a size-matched collimated beam was confirmed by γH2AX staining. Regression in tumour volume was observed almost immediately post MR-IGRT in the neuroblastoma model, further demonstrating accuracy of x-ray delivery. Finally, MR-IGRT in the KPC model facilitated precise contouring and comparison of different treatment plans and radiotherapy dose distributions not only to the intra-abdominal tumour but also to the organs at risk.
Conclusion: This is, to our knowledge, the first study to demonstrate preclinical MR-IGRT in intra-abdominal organs. The proposed MR-IGRT method presents a state-of-the-art solution to enabling robust, accurate and efficient targeting of extracranial organs in the mouse and can operate with a sufficiently high throughput to allow fractionated treatments to be given.
Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Barton, Robert Allan ; Białkowska, Helena ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Buncic, Nenad ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Csató, Péter ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, Matthias ; Gabler, Frank ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklay, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalage, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, F. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Yates, Tim A. ; Zimányi, József ; Zybert, Ryszard
The directed and elliptic flow of protons and charged pions has been observed from the semi-central collisions of a 158 GeV/nucleon Pb beam with a Pb target. The rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the flow has been measured. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons but both exhibit negative flow at low pt. The elliptic flow of both is fairly independent of rapidity but rises with pt. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Ld
Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Afanasiev, Sergey V. ; Alber, Thomas ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Białkowska, Helena ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Buncic, Nenad ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chan, P. ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cramer, Pauline B. ; Csató, Péter ; Dietz, Oliver ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, M. ; Gabler, Frank ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Howe, Mark A. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Konashenok, Anton ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Yates, Tim A. ; Zimányi, József ; Zhu, Xue-Zhou ; Zybert, Ryszard
Using the NA49 main TPC, the central production of hyperons has been measured in CERN SPS Pb - Pb collisions at 158 GeV c-1. The preliminary ratio, studied at 2.0 < y < 2.6 and 1 < pT < 3 GeV c-1, equals ~ (13 ± 4)% (systematic error only). It is compatible, within errors, with the previously obtained ratios for central S + S [1], S + W [2], and S + Au [3] collisions. The fit to the transverse momentum distribution resulted in an inverse slope parameter T of 297 MeV. At this level of statistics we do not see any noticeable enhancement of hyperon production with the increased volume (and, possibly, degree of equilibration) of the system from S + S to Pb + Pb. This result is unexpected and counterintuitive, and should be further investigated. If confirmed, it will have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms leading to the enhanced strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions.
Friese, Volker ; Afanasiev, Sergey V. ; Alber, Thomas ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Białkowska, Helena ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Buncic, Nenad ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chan, P ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cramer, Pauline B. ; Csató, Péter ; Dietz, Oliver ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, M ; Gabler, Frank ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Howe, Mark A. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Yates, Tim A. ; Zimányi, József ; Zhu, Xue-Zhou ; Zybert, Ryszard
Preliminary data on phi production in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon are presented, measured by the NA49 experiment in the hadronic decay channel phi - K+K-. At mid-rapidity, the kaons were separated from pions and protons by combining dE/dx and time-of-flight information; in the forward rapidity range only dE/dx identification was used to obtain the rapidity distribution and a rapidity-integrated mt-spectrum. The mid-rapidity yield obtained was dN/dy = 1.85 ± 0.3 per event; the total phi multiplicity was estimated to be 5.0 ± 0.7 per event. Comparison with published pp data shows a slight, but not very significant strangeness enhancement.
Lambda and Antilambda reconstruction in central Pb+Pb collisions using a time projection chamber
(1997)
Yates, Tim A. ; Afanasiev, Sergey V. ; Alber, Thomas ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bailey, Stephen John ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Białkowska, Helena ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Buncic, Nenad ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chan, P ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cramer, Pauline B. ; Csató, Péter ; Dietz, Oliver ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Friese, Volker ; Fuchs, M ; Gabler, Frank ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Henkel, Torsten ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Howe, Mark A. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kolesnikov, Vadim I. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Lévai, Péter ; Malakhov, Aleksandr I. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Melkumov, Georgy L. ; Mock, Andreas ; Molnár, József ; Nelson, John M. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Porter, R. Jefferson ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Poziombka, Stefan ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Roland, Christof ; Roland, Gunther ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Rybicki, Andrzej ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Semenov, Alexei Yu. ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmischke, Dirk ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Siklér, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Squier, Gordon Thomas Anderson ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpétery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wang, Feipeng ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Zimányi, József ; Zhu, X Z ; Zybert, Ryszard
The large acceptance time projection chambers of the NA49 experiment are used to record the trajectory of charged particles from Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon. Neutral strange hadrons have been reconstructed from their charged decay products. To obtain distributions of Λ, and Ks0 in discrete bins of rapidity, y, and transverse momentum, pT, calculations have been performed to determine the acceptance of the detector and the efficiency of the reconstruction software as a function of both variables. The lifetime distributions obtained give values of cτ = 7.8 ± 0.6 cm for Λ and cτ = 2.5 ± 0.3 cm for Ks0, consistent with data book values.
Hiranuma, Naruki ; Augustin-Bauditz, Stefanie ; Bingemer, Heinz ; Budke, Carsten ; Curtius, Joachim ; Danielczok, Anja ; Diehl, Karoline ; Dreischmeier, Katharina ; Ebert, Martin ; Frank, Fabian ; Hoffmann, Nadine ; Kandler, Konrad ; Kiselev, Alexei ; Koop, Thomas ; Leisner, Thomas ; Möhler, Ottmar ; Nillius, Björn ; Peckhaus, Andreas ; Rose, Diana ; Hader, John D. ; Hill, Thomas C. ; Kanji, Zamin A. ; Kulkarni, Gargi ; Levin, Ezra J. T. ; McCluskey, Christina S. ; Murakami, Masataka ; Murray, Benjamin J. ; Niedermeier, Dennis ; Petters, Markus D. ; O'Sullivan, Daniel ; Saito, Atsushi ; Schill, Gregory P. ; Tajiri, Takuya ; Tolbert, Margret A. ; Welti, André ; Whale, Thomas F. ; Wright, Timothy P. ; Yamashita, Katsuya
Immersion freezing is the most relevant heterogeneous ice nucleation mechanism through which ice crystals are formed in mixed-phase clouds. In recent years, an increasing number of laboratory experiments utilizing a variety of instruments have examined immersion freezing activity of atmospherically relevant ice-nucleating particles. However, an intercomparison of these laboratory results is a difficult task because investigators have used different ice nucleation (IN) measurement methods to produce these results. A remaining challenge is to explore the sensitivity and accuracy of these techniques and to understand how the IN results are potentially influenced or biased by experimental parameters associated with these techniques.
Within the framework of INUIT (Ice Nuclei Research Unit), we distributed an illite-rich sample (illite NX) as a representative surrogate for atmospheric mineral dust particles to investigators to perform immersion freezing experiments using different IN measurement methods and to obtain IN data as a function of particle concentration, temperature (T), cooling rate and nucleation time. A total of 17 measurement methods were involved in the data intercomparison. Experiments with seven instruments started with the test sample pre-suspended in water before cooling, while 10 other instruments employed water vapor condensation onto dry-dispersed particles followed by immersion freezing. The resulting comprehensive immersion freezing data set was evaluated using the ice nucleation active surface-site density, ns, to develop a representative ns(T) spectrum that spans a wide temperature range (−37 °C < T < −11 °C) and covers 9 orders of magnitude in ns.
In general, the 17 immersion freezing measurement techniques deviate, within a range of about 8 °C in terms of temperature, by 3 orders of magnitude with respect to ns. In addition, we show evidence that the immersion freezing efficiency expressed in ns of illite NX particles is relatively independent of droplet size, particle mass in suspension, particle size and cooling rate during freezing. A strong temperature dependence and weak time and size dependence of the immersion freezing efficiency of illite-rich clay mineral particles enabled the ns parameterization solely as a function of temperature. We also characterized the ns(T) spectra and identified a section with a steep slope between −20 and −27 °C, where a large fraction of active sites of our test dust may trigger immersion freezing. This slope was followed by a region with a gentler slope at temperatures below −27 °C. While the agreement between different instruments was reasonable below ~ −27 °C, there seemed to be a different trend in the temperature-dependent ice nucleation activity from the suspension and dry-dispersed particle measurements for this mineral dust, in particular at higher temperatures. For instance, the ice nucleation activity expressed in ns was smaller for the average of the wet suspended samples and higher for the average of the dry-dispersed aerosol samples between about −27 and −18 °C. Only instruments making measurements with wet suspended samples were able to measure ice nucleation above −18 °C. A possible explanation for the deviation between −27 and −18 °C is discussed. Multiple exponential distribution fits in both linear and log space for both specific surface area-based ns(T) and geometric surface area-based ns(T) are provided. These new fits, constrained by using identical reference samples, will help to compare IN measurement methods that are not included in the present study and IN data from future IN instruments.
Hiranuma, Naruki ; Augustin-Bauditz, Stefanie ; Bingemer, Heinz ; Budke, Carsten ; Curtius, Joachim ; Danielczok, Anja ; Diehl, Karoline ; Dreischmeier, Katharina ; Ebert, Martin ; Frank, Fabian ; Hoffmann, Nadine ; Kandler, Konrad ; Kiselev, Alexei ; Koop, Thomas ; Leisner, Thomas ; Möhler, Ottmar ; Nillius, Björn ; Peckhaus, Andreas ; Rose, Diana ; Weinbruch, Stephan ; Wex, Heike ; Boose, Yvonne ; DeMott, Paul J. ; Hader, John D. ; Hill, Thomas C. ; Kanji, Zamin A. ; Kulkarni, Gargi ; Levin, Ezra J. T. ; McCluskey, Christina S. ; Murakami, Masataka ; Murray, Benjamin J. ; Niedermeier, Dennis ; Petters, Markus D. ; O'Sullivan, Daniel ; Saito, Atsushi ; Schill, Gregory P. ; Tajiri, Takuya ; Tolbert, Margret A. ; Welti, André ; Whale, Thomas F. ; Wright, Timothy P. ; Yamashita, Katsuya
Immersion freezing is the most relevant heterogeneous ice nucleation mechanism through which ice crystals are formed in mixed-phase clouds. In recent years, an increasing number of laboratory experiments utilizing a variety of instruments have examined immersion freezing activity of atmospherically relevant ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, an inter-comparison of these laboratory results is a difficult task because investigators have used different ice nucleation (IN) measurement methods to produce these results. A remaining challenge is to explore the sensitivity and accuracy of these techniques and to understand how the IN results are potentially influenced or biased by experimental parameters associated with these techniques.
Within the framework of INUIT (Ice Nucleation research UnIT), we distributed an illite rich sample (illite NX) as a representative surrogate for atmospheric mineral dust particles to investigators to perform immersion freezing experiments using different IN measurement methods and to obtain IN data as a function of particle concentration, temperature (T), cooling rate and nucleation time. Seventeen measurement methods were involved in the data inter-comparison. Experiments with seven instruments started with the test sample pre-suspended in water before cooling, while ten other instruments employed water vapor condensation onto dry-dispersed particles followed by immersion freezing. The resulting comprehensive immersion freezing dataset was evaluated using the ice nucleation active surface-site density (ns) to develop a representative ns(T) spectrum that spans a wide temperature range (−37 °C < T < −11 °C) and covers nine orders of magnitude in ns.
Our inter-comparison results revealed a discrepancy between suspension and dry-dispersed particle measurements for this mineral dust. While the agreement was good below ~ −26 °C, the ice nucleation activity, expressed in ns, was smaller for the wet suspended samples and higher for the dry-dispersed aerosol samples between about −26 and −18 °C. Only instruments making measurement techniques with wet suspended samples were able to measure ice nucleation above −18 °C. A possible explanation for the deviation between −26 and −18 °C is discussed. In general, the seventeen immersion freezing measurement techniques deviate, within the range of about 7 °C in terms of temperature, by three orders of magnitude with respect to ns. In addition, we show evidence that the immersion freezing efficiency (i.e., ns) of illite NX particles is relatively independent on droplet size, particle mass in suspension, particle size and cooling rate during freezing. A strong temperature-dependence and weak time- and size-dependence of immersion freezing efficiency of illite-rich clay mineral particles enabled the ns parameterization solely as a function of temperature. We also characterized the ns (T) spectra, and identified a section with a steep slope between −20 and −27 °C, where a large fraction of active sites of our test dust may trigger immersion freezing. This slope was followed by a region with a gentler slope at temperatures below −27 °C. A multiple exponential distribution fit is expressed as ns(T) = exp(23.82 × exp(−exp(0.16 × (T + 17.49))) + 1.39) based on the specific surface area and ns(T) = exp(25.75 × exp(−exp(0.13 × (T + 17.17))) + 3.34) based on the geometric area (ns and T in m−2 and °C, respectively). These new fits, constrained by using an identical reference samples, will help to compare IN measurement methods that are not included in the present study and, thereby, IN data from future IN instruments.
Alber, Thomas ; Appelshäuser, Harald ; Bächler, Joachim ; Bartke, Jerzy ; Białkowska, Helena ; Bieser, Fred ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Bock, Rudolf ; Bormann, Christian ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Brockmann, Robert ; Bunčić, Predrag ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chan, Phaikying ; Cooper, Glenn E. ; Cramer, John G. ; Cramer, Pauline B. ; Csató, Péter ; Derado, Ivan ; Dunn, Jason ; Eckardt, Volker ; Eckhardt, Frank ; Euler, Sebastian ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fischer, Hans Gerhard ; Fodor, Zoltán ; Foka, Panagiota ; Freund, Peter ; Fuchs, Matthias ; Gál, József ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa ; Grebieszkow, Jaroslaw ; Günther, Jörg ; Harris, John W. ; Heck, W. ; Hegyi, Sándor ; Hill, L. A. ; Huang, Isaac ; Howe, Mark A. ; Igo, George J. ; Irmscher, Detlef ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Kadija, Krešo ; Kecskemeti, J. ; Kowalski, Marek ; Kühmichel, Andreas ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Mitchell, J. W. ; Mock, Andreas ; Nelson, John M. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Pálinkás, József ; Pálla, Gabriella ; Panagiotou, Apostolos D. ; Petridis, Athanasios ; Piper, Andreas ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pühlhofer, Falk ; Rauch, Wolfgang Hans ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retyk, Waldemar ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rudolph, Heinrich ; Runge, Kay ; Sandoval, Andres ; Sann, Hans ; Schäfer, Erich ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schönfelder, Stefan ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seyerlein, Jürgen ; Sikler, Ferenc ; Skrzypczak, Ewa ; Stock, Reinhard ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Szentpetery, Imre ; Sziklai, János ; Toy, Milton Y. ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Vassiliou, Maria ; Vesztergombi, György ; Vranić, Danilo ; Wenig, Siegfried ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wienold, Thomas ; Wood, Lindsay ; Zimanyi, József ; Zhu, X. -Z. ; Zybert, Ryszard
Hoogakker, Babette A. A. ; Smith, Robin S. ; Singarayer, Joy ; Marchant, Robert ; Prentice, I. Colin ; Allen, Judy R. M. ; Anderson, R. Scott ; Bhagwat, Shonil A. ; Behling, Hermann ; Borisova, Olga ; Bush, Mark B. ; Correa-Metrio, Alexander ; De Vernal, Anne ; Finch, Jemma M. ; Fréchette, Bianca ; Lozano-García, Socorro ; Gosling, William D. ; Granoszewski, Wojciech ; Grimm, Eric C. ; Grüger, Eberhard ; Hanselman, Jennifer ; Harrison, Sandy P. ; Hill, Trevor R. ; Huntley, Brian ; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo ; Kershaw, Arnold Peter ; Ledru, Marie-Pierre ; Magri, Donatella ; McKenzie, Merna ; Müller, Ulrich ; Nakagawa, Takeshi ; Novenko, Elena ; Penny, Daniel ; Sadori, Laura ; Scott, Louis ; Stevenson, Janelle ; Valdes, Paul J. ; Vandergoes, Marcus ; Velichko, Andrey ; Whitlock, Cathy ; Tzedakis, Chronis
A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented, and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Global modelled (BIOME4) biome distributions over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. The two climate models show good agreement in global net primary productivity (NPP). NPP is strongly influenced by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations through CO2 fertilization. The combined effects of modelled changes in vegetation and (via a simple model) soil carbon result in a global terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum that is 210–470 Pg C less than in pre-industrial time. Without the contribution from exposed glacial continental shelves the reduction would be larger, 330–960 Pg C. Other intervals of low terrestrial carbon storage include stadial intervals at 108 and 85 kaBP, and between 60 and 65 kaBP during Marine Isotope Stage 4. Terrestrial carbon storage, determined by the balance of global NPP and decomposition, influences the stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13C) of seawater because terrestrial organic carbon is depleted in 13C. Using a simple carbon-isotope mass balance equation we find agreement in trends between modelled ocean δ 13C based on modelled land carbon storage, and palaeo-archives of ocean δ 13C, confirming that terrestrial carbon storage variations may be important drivers of ocean δ 13 C changes.
Hoogakker, Babette A. A. ; Smith, Robin S. ; Singarayer, Joy ; Marchant, Robert ; Prentice, I. Colin ; Allen, Judy R. M. ; Anderson, R. Scott ; Bhagwat, Shonil A. ; Behling, Hermann ; Borisova, Olga ; Bush, Mark B. ; Correa-Metrio, Alexander ; De Vernal, Anne ; Finch, Jemma M. ; Fréchette, Bianca ; Lozano-García, Socorro ; Gosling, William D. ; Granoszewski, Wojciech ; Grimm, Eric C. ; Grüger, Eberhard ; Hanselman, Jennifer ; Harrison, Sandy P. ; Hill, Trevor R. ; Huntley, Brian ; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo ; Kershaw, Arnold Peter ; Ledru, Marie-Pierre ; Magri, Donatella ; McKenzie, Merna ; Müller, Ulrich ; Nakagawa, Takeshi ; Novenko, Elena ; Penny, Daniel ; Sadori, Laura ; Scott, Louis ; Stevenson, Janelle ; Valdes, Paul J. ; Vandergoes, Marcus ; Velichko, Andrey ; Whitlock, Cathy ; Tzedakis, Chronis
A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models and the BIOME4 vegetation model to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Simulated biome distributions using BIOME4 driven by HadCM3 and FAMOUS at the global scale over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. Global average areas of grassland and dry shrubland, desert, and tundra biomes show large-scale increases during the Last Glacial Maximum, between ca. 64 and 74 ka BP and cool substages of Marine Isotope Stage 5, at the expense of the tropical forest, warm-temperate forest, and temperate forest biomes. These changes are reflected in BIOME4 simulations of global net primary productivity, showing good agreement between the two models. Such changes are likely to affect terrestrial carbon storage, which in turn influences the stable carbon isotopic composition of seawater as terrestrial carbon is depleted in 13C.
Pati, Sarthak ; Baid, Ujjwal ; Edwards, Brandon ; Sheller, Micah ; Wang, Shih-Han ; Reina, G. Anthony ; Foley, Patrick ; Gruzdev, Alexey ; Karkada, Deepthi ; Davatzikos, Christos ; Sako, Chiharu ; Ghodasara, Satyam ; Bilello, Michel ; Mohan, Suyash ; Vollmuth, Philipp ; Brugnara, Gianluca ; Jayachandran Preetha, Chandrakanth ; Sahm, Felix ; Maier-Hein, Klaus ; Zenk, Maximilian ; Bendszus, Martin ; Wick, Wolfgang ; Calabrese, Evan ; Rudie, Jeffrey ; Villanueva-Meyer, Javier ; Cha, Soonmee ; Ingalhalikar, Madhura ; Jadhav, Manali ; Pandey, Umang ; Saini, Jitender ; Garrett, John ; Larson, Matthew ; Jeraj, Robert ; Currie, Stuart ; Frood, Russell ; Fatania, Kavi ; Huang, Raymond Y. ; Chang, Ken ; Balaña, Carmen ; Capellades, Jaume ; Puig, Josep ; Trenkler, Johannes ; Pichler, Josef ; Necker, Georg ; Haunschmidt, Andreas ; Meckel, Stephan ; Shukla, Gaurav ; Liem, Spencer ; Alexander, Gregory S. ; Lombardo, Joseph ; Palmer, Joshua D. ; Flanders, Adam E. ; Dicker, Adam P. ; Sair, Haris I. ; Jones, Craig K. ; Venkataraman, Archana ; Jiang, Meirui ; So, Tiffany Y. ; Chen, Cheng ; Heng, Pheng Ann ; Dou, Qi ; Kozubek, Michal ; Lux, Filip ; Michálek, Jan ; Matula, Petr ; Keřkovský, Miloš ; Kopřivová, Tereza ; Dostál, Marek ; Vybíhal, Václav ; Vogelbaum, Michael A. ; Mitchell, J. Ross ; Farinhas, Joaquim ; Maldjian, Joseph A. ; Bangalore Yogananda, Chandan Ganesh ; Pinho, Marco C. ; Reddy, Divya ; Holcomb, James ; Wagner, Benjamin C. ; Ellingson, Benjamin M. ; Cloughesy, Timothy F. ; Raymond, Catalina ; Oughourlian, Talia ; Hagiwara, Akifumi ; Wang, Chencai ; To, Minh-Son ; Bhardwaj, Sargam ; Chong, Chee ; Agzarian, Marc ; Falcão, Alexandre Xavier ; Martins, Samuel B. ; Teixeira, Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida ; Sprenger, Flávia ; Menotti, David ; Lucio, Diego R. ; LaMontagne, Pamela ; Marcus, Daniel ; Wiestler, Benedikt ; Kofler, Florian ; Ezhov, Ivan ; Metz, Marie ; Jain, Rajan ; Lee, Matthew ; Lui, Yvonne W. ; McKinley, Richard ; Slotboom, Johannes ; Radojewski, Piotr ; Meier, Raphael ; Wiest, Roland Gerhard Rudi ; Murcia, Derrick ; Fu, Eric ; Haas, Rourke ; Thompson, John ; Ormond, David Ryan ; Badve, Chaitra ; Sloan, Andrew E. ; Vadmal, Vachan ; Waite, Kristin ; Colen, Rivka R. ; Pei, Linmin ; Ak, Murat ; Srinivasan, Ashok ; Bapuraj, Jayapalli Rajiv ; Rao, Arvind ; Wang, Nicholas ; Yoshiaki, Ota ; Moritani, Toshio ; Turk, Sevcan ; Lee, Joonsang ; Prabhudesai, Snehal ; Morón, Fanny ; Mandel, Jacob ; Kamnitsas, Konstantinos ; Glocker, Ben ; Dixon, Luke V. M. ; Williams, Matthew ; Zampakis, Peter ; Panagiotopoulos, Vasileios ; Tsiganos, Panagiotis ; Alexiou, Sotiris ; Haliassos, Ilias ; Zacharaki, Evangelia I. ; Moustakas, Konstantinos ; Kalogeropoulou, Christina ; Kardamakis, Dimitrios M. ; Choi, Yoon Seong ; Lee, Seung-Koo ; Chang, Jong Hee ; Ahn, Sung Soo ; Luo, Bing ; Poisson, Laila ; Wen, Ning ; Tiwari, Pallavi ; Verma, Ruchika ; Bareja, Rohan ; Yadav, Ipsa ; Chen, Jonathan ; Kumar, Neeraj ; Smits, Marion ; Voort, Sebastian R. van der ; Alafandi, Ahmed ; Incekara, Fatih ; Wijnenga, Maarten M. J. ; Kapsas, Georgios ; Gahrmann, Renske ; Schouten, Joost W. ; Dubbink, Hendrikus J. ; Vincent, Arnaud J. P. E. ; Van den Bent, Martin J. ; French, Pim J. ; Klein, Stefan ; Yuan, Yading ; Sharma, Sonam ; Tseng, Tzu-Chi ; Adabi, Saba ; Niclou, Simone P. ; Keunen, Olivier ; Hau, Ann-Christin ; Vallières, Martin ; Fortin, David ; Lepage, Martin ; Landman, Bennett ; Ramadass, Karthik ; Xu, Kaiwen ; Chotai, Silky ; Chambless, Lola B. ; Mistry, Akshitkumar ; Thompson, Reid C. ; Gusev, Yuriy ; Bhuvaneshwar, Krithika ; Sayah, Anousheh ; Bencheqroun, Camelia ; Belouali, Anas ; Madhavan, Subha ; Booth, Thomas C. ; Chelliah, Alysha ; Modat, Marc ; Shuaib, Haris ; Dragos, Carmen ; Abayazeed, Aly ; Kolodziej, Kenneth ; Hill, Michael ; Abbassy, Ahmed ; Gamal, Shady ; Mekhaimar, Mahmoud ; Qayati, Mohamed ; Reyes, Mauricio ; Park, Ji Eun ; Yun, Jihye ; Kim, Ho Sung ; Mahajan, Abhishek ; Muzi, Mark ; Benson, Sean ; Beets-Tan, Regina G. H. ; Teuwen, Jonas ; Herrera-Trujillo, Alejandro ; Trujillo, Maria ; Escobar, William ; Abello, Ana Lorena ; Bernal, Jose ; Gómez, Jhon ; Choi, Joseph ; Baek, Stephen ; Kim, Yusung ; Ismael, Heba ; Allen, Bryan ; Buatti, John M. ; Kotrotsou, Aikaterini ; Li, Hongwei ; Weiss, Tobias ; Weller, Michael ; Bink, Andrea ; Pouymayou, Bertrand ; Shaykh, Hassan F. ; Saltz, Joel ; Prasanna, Prateek ; Shrestha, Sampurna ; Mani, Kartik M. ; Payne, David ; Kurc, Tahsin ; Pelaez, Enrique ; Franco-Maldonado, Heydy ; Loayza, Francis ; Quevedo Sacoto, Andrés Sebastián ; Guevara, Pamela ; Torche, Esteban ; Mendoza, Cristobal ; Vera, Franco ; Ríos, Elvis ; López, Eduardo ; Velastin, Sergio Alejandro ; Ogbole, Godwin ; Soneye, Mayowa ; Oyekunle, Dotun ; Odafe-Oyibotha, Olubunmi ; Osobu, Babatunde ; Shu’aibu, Mustapha ; Dorcas, Adeleye ; Dako, Farouk ; Simpson, Amber L. ; Hamghalam, Mohammad ; Peoples, Jacob J. ; Hu, Ricky ; Tran, Anh ; Cutler, Danielle ; Moraes, Fabio Y. ; Boss, Michael A. ; Gimpel, James ; Kattil Veettil, Deepak ; Schmidt, Kendall ; Bialecki, Brian ; Marella, Sailaja ; Price, Cynthia ; Cimino, Lisa ; Apgar, Charles ; Shah, Prashant ; Menze, Bjoern Holger ; Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S. ; Martin, Jason ; Bakas, Spyridon
Pati, Sarthak ; Baid, Ujjwal ; Edwards, Brandon ; Sheller, Micah ; Wang, Shih-Han ; Reina, G. Anthony ; Foley, Patrick ; Gruzdev, Alexey ; Karkada, Deepthi ; Davatzikos, Christos ; Sako, Chiharu ; Ghodasara, Satyam ; Bilello, Michel ; Mohan, Suyash ; Vollmuth, Philipp ; Brugnara, Gianluca ; Jayachandran Preetha, Chandrakanth ; Sahm, Felix ; Maier-Hein, Klaus ; Zenk, Maximilian ; Bendszus, Martin ; Wick, Wolfgang ; Calabrese, Evan ; Rudie, Jeffrey ; Villanueva-Meyer, Javier ; Cha, Soonmee ; Ingalhalikar, Madhura ; Jadhav, Manali ; Pandey, Umang ; Saini, Jitender ; Garrett, John ; Larson, Matthew ; Jeraj, Robert ; Currie, Stuart ; Frood, Russell ; Fatania, Kavi ; Huang, Raymond Y. ; Chang, Ken ; Balaña, Carmen ; Capellades, Jaume ; Puig, Josep ; Trenkler, Johannes ; Pichler, Josef ; Necker, Georg ; Haunschmidt, Andreas ; Meckel, Stephan ; Shukla, Gaurav ; Liem, Spencer ; Alexander, Gregory S. ; Lombardo, Joseph ; Palmer, Joshua D. ; Flanders, Adam E. ; Dicker, Adam P. ; Sair, Haris I. ; Jones, Craig K. ; Venkataraman, Archana ; Jiang, Meirui ; So, Tiffany Y. ; Chen, Cheng ; Heng, Pheng Ann ; Dou, Qi ; Kozubek, Michal ; Lux, Filip ; Michálek, Jan ; Matula, Petr ; Keřkovský, Miloš ; Kopřivová, Tereza ; Dostál, Marek ; Vybíhal, Václav ; Vogelbaum, Michael A. ; Mitchell, J. Ross ; Farinhas, Joaquim ; Maldjian, Joseph A. ; Bangalore Yogananda, Chandan Ganesh ; Pinho, Marco C. ; Reddy, Divya ; Holcomb, James ; Wagner, Benjamin C. ; Ellingson, Benjamin M. ; Cloughesy, Timothy F. ; Raymond, Catalina ; Oughourlian, Talia ; Hagiwara, Akifumi ; Wang, Chencai ; To, Minh-Son ; Bhardwaj, Sargam ; Chong, Chee ; Agzarian, Marc ; Falcão, Alexandre Xavier ; Martins, Samuel B. ; Teixeira, Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida ; Sprenger, Flávia ; Menotti, David ; Lucio, Diego R. ; LaMontagne, Pamela ; Marcus, Daniel ; Wiestler, Benedikt ; Kofler, Florian ; Ezhov, Ivan ; Metz, Marie ; Jain, Rajan ; Lee, Matthew ; Lui, Yvonne W. ; McKinley, Richard ; Slotboom, Johannes ; Radojewski, Piotr ; Meier, Raphael ; Wiest, Roland Gerhard Rudi ; Murcia, Derrick ; Fu, Eric ; Haas, Rourke ; Thompson, John ; Ormond, David Ryan ; Badve, Chaitra ; Sloan, Andrew E. ; Vadmal, Vachan ; Waite, Kristin ; Colen, Rivka R. ; Pei, Linmin ; Ak, Murat ; Srinivasan, Ashok ; Bapuraj, Jayapalli Rajiv ; Rao, Arvind ; Wang, Nicholas ; Yoshiaki, Ota ; Moritani, Toshio ; Turk, Sevcan ; Lee, Joonsang ; Prabhudesai, Snehal ; Morón, Fanny ; Mandel, Jacob ; Kamnitsas, Konstantinos ; Glocker, Ben ; Dixon, Luke V. M. ; Williams, Matthew ; Zampakis, Peter ; Panagiotopoulos, Vasileios ; Tsiganos, Panagiotis ; Alexiou, Sotiris ; Haliassos, Ilias ; Zacharaki, Evangelia I. ; Moustakas, Konstantinos ; Kalogeropoulou, Christina ; Kardamakis, Dimitrios M. ; Choi, Yoon Seong ; Lee, Seung-Koo ; Chang, Jong Hee ; Ahn, Sung Soo ; Luo, Bing ; Poisson, Laila ; Wen, Ning ; Tiwari, Pallavi ; Verma, Ruchika ; Bareja, Rohan ; Yadav, Ipsa ; Chen, Jonathan ; Kumar, Neeraj ; Smits, Marion ; Voort, Sebastian R. van der ; Alafandi, Ahmed ; Incekara, Fatih ; Wijnenga, Maarten M. J. ; Kapsas, Georgios ; Gahrmann, Renske ; Schouten, Joost W. ; Dubbink, Hendrikus J. ; Vincent, Arnaud J. P. E. ; Van den Bent, Martin J. ; French, Pim J. ; Klein, Stefan ; Yuan, Yading ; Sharma, Sonam ; Tseng, Tzu-Chi ; Adabi, Saba ; Niclou, Simone P. ; Keunen, Olivier ; Hau, Ann-Christin ; Vallières, Martin ; Fortin, David ; Lepage, Martin ; Landman, Bennett ; Ramadass, Karthik ; Xu, Kaiwen ; Chotai, Silky ; Chambless, Lola B. ; Mistry, Akshitkumar ; Thompson, Reid C. ; Gusev, Yuriy ; Bhuvaneshwar, Krithika ; Sayah, Anousheh ; Bencheqroun, Camelia ; Belouali, Anas ; Madhavan, Subha ; Booth, Thomas C. ; Chelliah, Alysha ; Modat, Marc ; Shuaib, Haris ; Dragos, Carmen ; Abayazeed, Aly ; Kolodziej, Kenneth ; Hill, Michael ; Abbassy, Ahmed ; Gamal, Shady ; Mekhaimar, Mahmoud ; Qayati, Mohamed ; Reyes, Mauricio ; Park, Ji Eun ; Yun, Jihye ; Kim, Ho Sung ; Mahajan, Abhishek ; Muzi, Mark ; Benson, Sean ; Beets-Tan, Regina G. H. ; Teuwen, Jonas ; Herrera-Trujillo, Alejandro ; Trujillo, Maria ; Escobar, William ; Abello, Ana Lorena ; Bernal, Jose ; Gómez, Jhon ; Choi, Joseph ; Baek, Stephen ; Kim, Yusung ; Ismael, Heba ; Allen, Bryan ; Buatti, John M. ; Kotrotsou, Aikaterini ; Li, Hongwei ; Weiss, Tobias ; Weller, Michael ; Bink, Andrea ; Pouymayou, Bertrand ; Shaykh, Hassan F. ; Saltz, Joel ; Prasanna, Prateek ; Shrestha, Sampurna ; Mani, Kartik M. ; Payne, David ; Kurc, Tahsin ; Pelaez, Enrique ; Franco-Maldonado, Heydy ; Loayza, Francis ; Quevedo Sacoto, Andrés Sebastián ; Guevara, Pamela ; Torche, Esteban ; Mendoza, Cristobal ; Vera, Franco ; Ríos, Elvis ; López, Eduardo ; Velastin, Sergio Alejandro ; Ogbole, Godwin ; Soneye, Mayowa ; Oyekunle, Dotun ; Odafe-Oyibotha, Olubunmi ; Osobu, Babatunde ; Shu’aibu, Mustapha ; Dorcas, Adeleye ; Dako, Farouk ; Simpson, Amber L. ; Hamghalam, Mohammad ; Peoples, Jacob J. ; Hu, Ricky ; Tran, Anh ; Cutler, Danielle ; Moraes, Fabio Y. ; Boss, Michael A. ; Gimpel, James ; Kattil Veettil, Deepak ; Schmidt, Kendall ; Bialecki, Brian ; Marella, Sailaja ; Price, Cynthia ; Cimino, Lisa ; Apgar, Charles ; Shah, Prashant ; Menze, Bjoern Holger ; Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S. ; Martin, Jason ; Bakas, Spyridon
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