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We present a preliminary discussion about cauliflory, sexual dimorphism and biogeographic patterns in Drypetes Vahl (Putranjivaceae Endl.), focused on Africa. We also present a taxonomic treatment for two new species of cauliflorous trees of this genus from the rainforests of western Central Africa, one endemic to Gabon and known from six gatherings, D. aphanes Quintanar, D.J.Harris & Barberá sp. nov., and the other distributed in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, D. cauta D.J.Harris, Barberá & Quintanar sp. nov., also known from another six gatherings. They are presented along with D. gabonensis Pierre ex Hutch., known from 25 gatherings made throughout western Central Africa, a species with markedly dimorphic flowers between sexes compared to the rest of the species in the genus. Specimens of these two new species have been confused with D. gabonensis due to some morphological resemblances. This treatment includes the detailed descriptions of these three species, the typification of their names, a comparative table summarizing their main morphological differences, an identification key, an illustration and information about their habitat and distribution. A provisional IUCN Red List assessment shows that D. gabonensis and D. cauta sp. nov. are ‘Vulnerable’ species, and D. aphanes sp. nov. is ‘Endangered’. After the publication of these new species, Drypetes consists of 86 species in continental Africa and the Malagasy Region and 219 species for the whole world.
A taxonomic revision of Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae s. lat. Juss., subfamily Grewioideae Hochr., tribe Grewieae Endl.) based on about 800 herbarium specimens is presented. Desplatsia is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterized by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. Four species are recognized (D. subericarpa Bocq., D. chrysochlamys (Mildbr. & Burret) Mildbr. & Burret, D. dewevrei (De Wild. & T.Durand) Burret and D. mildbraedii Burret) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: D. floribunda Burret syn. nov. and D. trillesiana (Pierre ex De Wild.) Pierre ex A.Chev. syn. nov. All four species are widely distributed and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided.