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Aspects of the use of language can be discussed from different perspectives. This article discusses, among other things, the resort to jargon, the stylistic classification and the lexicographic description of phrasemes, insisting on standards that define the value of a lexicographic work.
Starting from the current preoccupations of areal phraseology, this article presents directions and ways of researching the phraseological stock of the German language with regards to the particularities and to the area of circulation in dialects or in the standard variants of the German language.
The bilingual phraseography with German contains significant shortcomings regarding both the conceptional orientation of the dictionary and the structure of the dictionary articles. The present paper reflects upon the relevance of certain criteria that are decisive for the quality of a dictionary and aims at showing to what extent the description of the selected phraseologisms is adequate with regard to potential users and the specifics of phraseological phenomena.
One can deal with aspects of language use from different perspectives (sociologically, pragmatically, psycho-linguistically etc.). The present article discusses stylistic markedness in different selected phrasemes whereby the following question is subject to investigation: do phrasemes as complex signs of secondary nomination show specific properties which, in contrast to simple lexemes, make them predisposed to stylistically marked use?
The modern lexicography must meet certain requirements in order to ensure an adequate lexicographical coverage of the presented lexical inventory. The relevant published literature dedicated to the profile of lemmas within the current lexicographical practice reveals shortcomings that reflect the gap between the current linguistic reality and the usual lexicographical practice. From the user’s perspective and his consulting needs modern metalexicography stresses the need for a fair lexicographical exposure, empirically grounded, capable of indicating peculiarities and restrictions of the usage within the language. Parting from theoretical considerations, regarding the relevance of the criteria that define the quality of a lexicographical work, the principle of addressability and the current phraseographic practice, the article presents directions and ways of researching for the phraseological inventory in terms of relevant peculiarities for the mono- or bilingual lexicographical practice. Exemplary there are discussed modern empirical methods meant to improve the current lexicographical practice insisting upon the evidence provided by the corpus as object and means of verifying the hypothesis of theoretical or applied research. The analysis of occurrences extracted from corpora is a valuable tool for the lexicographer because it allows the identification of the specific characteristics belonging to fixed structures within usual multiple contexts, patterns of use, concordances and co-selections. An authoritative body of linguistic evidence allows observations of mutations occurring in use or frequency of distributions, as well as identifying outlying areas of phraseology which so far have been insufficiently investigated or ignored by the lexicographical practice.
Based on the specific use of fixed expressions in everyday communication or in written messages, the paper presents modifications of reiterated discourse (suppresion, addition, substitution, permutation) that are illustrated by adapted common phrases and innovations of text types with formalized language.
The fully revised, extended and updated second edition of the Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen (German Variant Dictionary) covers hitherto not lexicographically coded peculiarities of the German language in Romania, Namibia, and Mexico and thus the present variety spectrum on the margins and far beyond the closed German language area. The dictionary points out differences and thus peculiarities of the different varieties of the German language spoken in the respective centers.
This article addresses a little discussed popular phenomenon, namely that of internet memes as a manifestation of public criticism in the online space. Internet memes are pieces of entertainement with an extremely adaptable repertoire, defined by unexpected word associations, sentences, retorts, purposely modified images, which become viral by replication. The variation forms, the parody, puns, humorous, ironically-sarcastic allusions to current events, socially important topics, or statements of public figures make it clear how the modifications of a message built around some suggestive images with an obviously telling statement can get political relevance.
In the context of the emergence of various online dictionaries and platforms that also address phraseological units, their usefulness is being questioned and their potential examined in order to illustrate new directions in the development of digital phraseography. The article shows special traits in the formation of lexicographical content in two selected online dictionaries, using the lemma “cat” as example.