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The pathological skin phenotype caused by hyperglycemia is an important indicator for the progress of diabetes mellitus. An early detection of diabetes assures an early intervention to regulate the carbohydrate metabolism. In this publication a non-invasive detection principle based on the measurement of complex scattering parameters in the millimeter-wave frequency range is presented. The measurement principle provides evidence of the applicability for the identification of different glycemic states in animal models. The method proposed here can be used to predict diabetes status in animal models and is interesting for application on humans in view of safeness of millimeter-wave radiation. Furthermore the complex scattering parameters give important information about the anatomic varieties between the analyzed skin samples of the different mice strains. In contrast to other methods, our approach is less sensitive to skin variations between animals.
Infrared spectroscopy in combination with a specially developed attenuated total reflection (ATR) flow cell and multivariate analysis was used for the quantitative analysis of beer and other beverages. IR spectra of samples were obtained in the range from below 1000 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 and subjected to a multivariate analysis based on calibration sets with laboratory reference standards. In the case of beer, this calibration set included 240 beer samples spanning the entire range of ethanol content, extract and CO2. Based on this calibration, an infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy-based sensor for the quick and quantitative quality control of beer was developed and subjected to extensive tests in breweries. This sensor meets and exceeds all requirements from brewers for the routine control in the production and bottling. Its use for other beverages, for example wine, juices or apple wine, requires only another set of calibration data for the specific beverage.