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Inhalt: Vorbemerkung Multikulturalismus und der amerikanische consensus Hans-Jürgen Puhle Probleme der Institutionalisierung des Multikulturalismus Diskussionsbeitrag von Kurt L. Shell Anmerkungen zum Verhältnis von »Multiculturalism« und »Liberalism« in den USA Diskussionsbeitrag von Söhnke Schreyer Probleme der Institutionalisierung von Multikulturalismus im Politikfeld der Erziehung Diskussionsbeitrag von Ulrike Fischer Multikulturalismus im Bildungsbereich: Afrozentrismus Diskussionsbeitrag von Rüdiger Wersich Die in der vorliegenden Ausgabe der ZENAF Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zusammengestellten Beiträge von Hans-Jürgen Puhle, Kurt L. Shell, Söhnke Schreyer, Ulrike Fischer und Rüdiger Wersich dokumentieren Aspekte einer in den zurückliegenden Semestern am ZENAF geführten Diskussion zur Problematik des Multikulturalismus in den USA. Die Diskussion begann anlässlich der Tagung der Sektion Politikwissenschaft der DGfA ("Die USA als multikulturelle Gesellschaft") in Frankfurt im November 1991. Im Sommersemester 1993 und im Wintersemester 1993/94 folgten zwei Diskussionsrunden im Rahmen des Jour Fixe des ZENAF unter dem Leitthema "Probleme der Institutionalisierung des Multikulturalismusll• Eine gemeinsame Diskussionsgrundlage bildete zunächst der in dieser ZAF-Ausgabe abgedruckte Aufsatz von Hans-Jürgen Puhle: "Multikulturalismus in den USA", der bereits (in englischer Fassung) als Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der DGfA ("Multikulturalismus: Politische, soziale und kulturelle Konsequenzen am Beispiel der USA") in Berlin im Juni 1992 gehalten wurde. Die Publikation des Aufsatzes in einem von Berndt Ostendorf herausgegebenen Sammelband (''Multikulturelle Gesellschaft: Modell Amerika?", München) ist für 1994 vorgesehen. Die übrigen Beiträge dieser ZAF-Ausgabe sind überarbeitete Versionen von Kurz-Statements, die von den Autoren für die beiden Diskussions-Veranstaltungen am ZENAF vorbereitet wurden. Die angeregte und intensive Diskussion, an der sich eine erfreulich große Zahl von Teilnehmern aus verschiedenen Fachbereichen der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften beteiligten, kann diese Zusammenstellung allerdings nicht in ihrer vollen Breite repräsentieren. Für das Sommersemester 1994 ist eine Fortsetzung der Veranstaltungen am ZENAF geplant, die weitere Fragen der Problematik der Institutionalisierung des Multikulturalismus aufgreifen soll.
Background: Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear-prevention programs may be effective in the (secondary) prevention of a subsequent ACL injury, little is known, yet, on their effectiveness and feasibility. This study assesses the effects and implementation capacity of a secondary preventive motor-control training (the Stop-X program) after ACL reconstruction.
Methods and design: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled, prospective, superiority, two-arm design is adopted. Subsequent patients (18–35 years) with primary arthroscopic unilateral ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring graft are enrolled. Postoperative guideline rehabilitation plus Classic follow-up treatment and guideline rehabilitation plus the Stop-X intervention will be compared. The onset of the Stop-X program as part of the postoperative follow-up treatment is individualized and function based. The participants must be released for the training components. The endpoint is the unrestricted return to sport (RTS) decision. Before (where applicable) reconstruction and after the clearance for the intervention (aimed at 4–8 months post surgery) until the unrestricted RTS decision (but at least until 12 months post surgery), all outcomes will be assessed once a month. Each participant is consequently measured at least five times to a maximum of 12 times. Twelve, 18 and 24 months after the surgery, follow-up-measurements and recurrence monitoring will follow. The primary outcome assessement (normalized knee-separation distance at the Drop Jump Screening Test (DJST)) is followed by the functional secondary outcomes assessements. The latter consist of quality assessments during simple (combined) balance side, balance front and single-leg hops for distance. All hop/jump tests are self-administered and filmed from the frontal view (3-m distance). All videos are transferred using safe big content transfer and subsequently (and blinded) expertly video-rated. Secondary outcomes are questionnaires on patient-reported knee function, kinesiophobia, RTS after ACL injury and training/therapy volume (frequency – intensity – type and time). All questionnaires are completed online using the participants’ pseudonym only.
Group allocation is executed randomly. The training intervention (Stop-X arm) consists of self-administered home-based exercises. The exercises are step-wise graduated and follow wound healing and functional restoration criteria. The training frequency for both arms is scheduled to be three times per week, each time for a 30 min duration. The program follows current (secondary) prevention guidelines.
Repeated measurements gain-score analyses using analyses of (co-)variance are performed for all outcomes.
Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, identification number DRKS00015313. Registered on 1 October 2018.
Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.
We report measurements of Xi and Xi-bar hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0.12 for Xi, and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for Xi-bar, leading to the ratio of Xi-bar/Xi = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi particles in Pb+Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi production in properly scaled p+p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi production in Pb+Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions.
The directed and elliptic flow of protons and charged pions has been observed from the semi-central collisions of a 158 GeV/nucleon Pb beam with a Pb target. The rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the flow has been measured. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons but both exhibit negative flow at low pt. The elliptic flow of both is fairly independent of rapidity but rises with pt. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Ld
Using the NA49 main TPC, the central production of hyperons has been measured in CERN SPS Pb - Pb collisions at 158 GeV c-1. The preliminary ratio, studied at 2.0 < y < 2.6 and 1 < pT < 3 GeV c-1, equals ~ (13 ± 4)% (systematic error only). It is compatible, within errors, with the previously obtained ratios for central S + S [1], S + W [2], and S + Au [3] collisions. The fit to the transverse momentum distribution resulted in an inverse slope parameter T of 297 MeV. At this level of statistics we do not see any noticeable enhancement of hyperon production with the increased volume (and, possibly, degree of equilibration) of the system from S + S to Pb + Pb. This result is unexpected and counterintuitive, and should be further investigated. If confirmed, it will have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms leading to the enhanced strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions.
Preliminary data on phi production in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon are presented, measured by the NA49 experiment in the hadronic decay channel phi - K+K-. At mid-rapidity, the kaons were separated from pions and protons by combining dE/dx and time-of-flight information; in the forward rapidity range only dE/dx identification was used to obtain the rapidity distribution and a rapidity-integrated mt-spectrum. The mid-rapidity yield obtained was dN/dy = 1.85 ± 0.3 per event; the total phi multiplicity was estimated to be 5.0 ± 0.7 per event. Comparison with published pp data shows a slight, but not very significant strangeness enhancement.