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Beschreibung und wertbestimmende Faktoren des Lebensraumtypes 7150 Torfmoor-Schlenken (Rhynchosporion) nach Anhang I der Fauna-Flora-Habitatrichtlinie im Land Sachsen-Anhalt. Dieser umfasst Torfmoor-Regenerations- und Pionierstadien in Torfstichen und auf feuchten Sandböden mit Rhynchosporion albae-Gesellschaften. Natürlich auf frostbeeinträchtigten feuchten Sanden und geringmächtigen Torfen am Rande oligo- oder dystropher Stillgewässer.
Beschreibung und wertbestimmende Faktoren des Lebensraumtypes 7220 Kalktuff-Quellen (Cratoneurion) nach Anhang I der Fauna-Flora-Habitatrichtlinie im Land Sachsen-Anhalt. Zum Lebensraumtyp gehören Sicker-, Sturz- oder Tümpelquellen mit kalkhaltigem Wasser und Ausfällungen von Kalksinter und/oder Kalktuff in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Quellwasseraustrittes. Die mitunter spärliche Vegetation wird von Moosen beherrscht, Samenpflanzen sind nur in geringem Maße am Aufbau der Quellufergesellschaften beteiligt oder fehlen.
Beschreibung und wertbestimmende Faktoren des Lebensraumtypes 3190 Gipskarstseen auf gipshaltigem Untergrund nach Anhang I der Fauna-Flora-Habitatrichtlinie im Land Sachsen-Anhalt. Als Gipskarstseen auf gipshaltigem Untergrund werden permanent wasserführende Seen in aktiven Gipskarstgebieten bezeichnet, die durch große Schwankungen des Wasserspiegels, hohe Konzentrationen von Ca2+ und SO2- Ionen und oft durch die Ausbildung spezifischer Plankton-Lebensgemeinschaften gekennzeichnet sind.
Beschreibung und wertbestimmende Faktoren des Lebensraumtypes 40A0* Subkontinentale peripannonische Gebüsche nach Anhang I der Fauna-Flora-Habitatrichtlinie im Land Sachsen-Anhalt. Dieser umfasst niedrige sommergrüne Gebüsche (Prunion fruticosae) wärmebegünstigter Lagen kontinentaler und submediterraner Prägung auf basenreichen oder silikatischen Böden.
Die neue „Flora Sachsens“ ist eine handliche Exkursionsflora im Sinne jener von „Oberdorfer“, „Rothmaler“ oder „Fitschen“ – allerdings mit regionalem Bezug auf das Bundesland Sachsen. Mit dem regionalen Bezug und der grundsätzlichen Gestaltung knüpfen die Herausgeber bewusst an das zuletzt 1956 in 12. Auflage von FLÖSSNER et al. herausgegebene Bestimmungsbuch „Pflanzen Sachsens“ (begründet 1919 von WÜNSCHE und SCHORLER) an.
Kultivare der Lorbeerkirsche (Prunus laurocerasus) gehören seit wenigen Jahrzehnten zu den beliebtesten Sträuchern für die Gartengestaltung. Die Steinfrüchte, die jährlich in großer Zahl gebildet werden, sind auch im mitteleuropäischen Klima in der Lage zu keimen. Im Schutz von Bodendeckern oder an geschützten Standorten bildet sich eine Sämlingsbank, aus der sich bei geeigneten Umweltbedingungen robuste und konkurrenzstarke Gehölze entwickeln. Auch starke Fröste führen meist nicht zum Absterben der ausgewachsenen Sträucher, nur zum Erfrieren der Blätter. Aufgrund der massenhaften Verwendung als Zierpflanze und einer effizienten Ausbreitung durch Ornithochorie hat die Art das Potential, auch naturnahe Lebensräume zu besiedeln und aufgrund ihrer Konkurrenzkraft lokal zu dominieren.
Respiratory chain signalling is essential for adaptive remodelling following cardiac ischaemia
(2020)
Cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury has been attributed to stress signals arising from an impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which include redox imbalance, metabolic stalling and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a respiratory enzyme, absent in mammals, that accepts electrons from a reduced quinone pool to reduce oxygen to water, thereby restoring electron flux when impaired and, in the process, blunting ROS production. Hence, AOX represents a natural rescue mechanism from respiratory stress. This study aimed to determine how respiratory restoration through xenotopically expressed AOX affects the re‐perfused post‐ischaemic mouse heart. As expected, AOX supports ETC function and attenuates the ROS load in post‐anoxic heart mitochondria. However, post‐ischaemic cardiac remodelling over 3 and 9 weeks was not improved. AOX blunted transcript levels of factors known to be up‐regulated upon I/R such as the atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp) whilst expression of pro‐fibrotic and pro‐apoptotic transcripts were increased. Ex vivo analysis revealed contractile failure at nine but not 3 weeks after ischaemia whilst label‐free quantitative proteomics identified an increase in proteins promoting adverse extracellular matrix remodelling. Together, this indicates an essential role for ETC‐derived signals during cardiac adaptive remodelling and identified ROS as a possible effector.
Objectives: Whereas stationary stability of implants has been postulated for decades, recent studies suggested a phenomenon termed implant migration. This describes a change in position of implants as a reaction to applied forces. The present study aims at employing image registration of in vivo micro‐CT scans from different time points and to assess (a) if migration of continuously loaded implants is possible and (b) migration correlates with the force magnitude.
Material and methods: Two customized machined implants were placed in the dorsal portion of caudal vertebrae in n = 61 rats and exposed to standardized forces (0.5 N, 1.0 N, and 1.5 N) applied through a flat nickel–titanium contraction spring, or no forces (control). Micro‐CT scans were performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. The baseline image was registered with the forthcoming scans. Implant migration was measured as the Euclidean distance between implant tips. Bone remodeling was assessed between the baseline and the forthcoming scans.
Results: The findings confirmed a positional change of the implants at 2 and 8 weeks of healing, and a linear association between applied force and velocity of movement (anterior implant: χ2 = 12.12, df = 3, and p = .007 and posterior implant: χ2 = 20.35, df = 3, and p < .001). Bone apposition was observed around the implants and accompanied by formation of load‐bearing trabeculae and a general cortical thickening close and also distant to the implants.
Conclusion: The present analysis confirmed that implants can migrate in bone. The applied forces seemed to stimulate bone thickening, which could explain why implants migrate without affecting stability.
Hardtke, H.-J., F. Klenke & F. Müller (2013): Flora des Elbhügellandes und angrenzender Gebiete
(2013)
Nach dem "Atlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Sachsens" und der "Flora Sachsens" liegt nun schon wieder die abschließende Veröffentlichung eines grundlegenden Gemeinschaftswerks vieler, zumeist ehrenamtlich wirkender Botaniker aus Sachsen vor, für dessen Gelingen offenbar Herr Prof. Hardtke sowohl organisatorisch als auch inhaltlich einen wesentlichen Beitrag geleistet hat.
Buchbesprechung
(2015)
Buchbesprechungen
(2016)
Man sieht nur, was man kennt : nicht beachtete indigene Taxa der Gattungen Pteridium und Urtica
(2008)
Die infraspezifische Gliederung der Aggregate Pteridium aquilinum und Urtica dioica wird diskutiert und auf das regelmäßige Vorkommen von Pteridium pinetorum C. N. PAGE et R. R. MILL und Urtica subinermis (R. UECHTR.) HAND et BUTTLER in Mitteleuropa hingewiesen. Diese Taxa wurden bisher nicht oder nur selten erkannt. Bestände von Pteridium pinetorum finden sich insbesondere in lichten Kiefernforsten auf sandigen Böden. Die Art kommt in Deutschland vorwiegend als Pteridium pinetorum ssp. pinetorum, vereinzelt aber auch als Pteridium pinetorum ssp. osmundaceum vor. Urtica subinermis besiedelt Böschungen im Bereich der großen Flussauen.
Eine bisher nicht erkannte heimische Scharbockskrautart, Ficaria calthifolia Rchb., wurde im Elbetal bei Pretzsch neu für Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewiesen. Da die Art nicht über Mechanismen zur aktiven Fernausbreitung verfügt, sondern räumlich-zeitlich kleine Nischen besiedelt (CSR-Strategie), ist Habitatkontinuität wichtig. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Bedeutung von historisch altem Grünland diskutiert.
Buchbesprechung
(2017)
Die Autoren setzten mit der Herausgabe ihrer umfangreichen Übersicht über die Florenwerke Deutschlands eine lange Tradition fort, bekanntes Wissen übersichtlich aufzubereiten, um es so komfortabel nutzbar zu machen. Gelegentlich wird es darüber hinaus sicher ein Aha-Erlebnis geben, dass es über dieses oder jenes Gebiet überhaupt schon ein floristisches Werk gibt.
The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is a crucial pathway of B cells, both for their survival and for antigen-mediated activation, proliferation and differentiation. Its activation is also critical for the genesis of many lymphoma types. BCR-mediated lymphoma proliferation may be caused by activating BCR-pathway mutations and/or by active or tonic stimulation of the BCR. BCRs of lymphomas have frequently been described as polyreactive. In this review, the role of specific target antigens of the BCRs of lymphomas is highlighted. These antigens have been found to be restricted to specific lymphoma entities. The antigens can be of infectious origin, such as H. pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma or RpoC of M. catarrhalis in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, or they are autoantigens. Examples of such autoantigens are the BCR itself in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, LRPAP1 in mantle cell lymphoma, hyper-N-glycosylated SAMD14/neurabin-I in primary central nervous system lymphoma, hypo-phosphorylated ARS2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and hyper-phosphorylated SLP2, sumoylated HSP90 or saposin C in plasma cell dyscrasia. Notably, atypical posttranslational modifications are often responsible for the immunogenicity of many autoantigens. Possible therapeutic approaches evolving from these specific antigens are discussed.
Anlässlich des Aufrufes der Kartierungszentrale beim Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt (LAU) zur Mitarbeit an der floristischen Kartierung für eine aktuelle Flora Sachsen-Anhalts wurde auch zu Kartierungsexkursionen eingeladen. Die erste fand am 24.6.1995 im Gebiet nördlich Tangermünde (östliche Altmark) statt.
Background: Chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex disease with rising prevalence, compromised quality of life (QoL), unplanned hospital admissions, high mortality and therefore high burden of illness. The delivery of care for these patients has been criticized and new strategies addressing crucial domains of care have been shown to be effective on patients' health outcomes, although these trials were conducted in secondary care or in highly organised Health Maintenance Organisations. It remains unclear whether a comprehensive primary care-based case management for the treating general practitioner (GP) can improve patients' QoL. Methods/Design: HICMan is a randomised controlled trial with patients as the unit of randomisation. Aim is to evaluate a structured, standardized and comprehensive complex intervention for patients with CHF in a 12-months follow-up trial. Patients from intervention group receive specific patient leaflets and documentation booklets as well as regular monitoring and screening by a prior trained practice nurse, who gives feedback to the GP upon urgency. Monitoring and screening address aspects of disease-specific selfmanagement, (non)pharmacological adherence and psychosomatic and geriatric comorbidity. GPs are invited to provide a tailored structured counselling 4 times during the trial and receive an additional feedback on pharmacotherapy relevant to prognosis (data of baseline documentation). Patients from control group receive usual care by their GPs, who were introduced to guidelineoriented management and a tailored health counselling concept. Main outcome measurement for patients' QoL is the scale physical functioning of the SF-36 health questionnaire in a 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are the disease specific QoL measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ), depression and anxiety disorders (PHQ-9, GAD-7), adherence (EHFScBS and SANA), quality of care measured by an adapted version of the Patient Chronic Illness Assessment of Care questionnaire (PACIC) and NTproBNP. In addition, comprehensive clinical data are collected about health status, comorbidity, medication and health care utilisation. Discussion: As the targeted patient group is mostly cared for and treated by GPs, a comprehensive primary care-based guideline implementation including somatic, psychosomatic and organisational aspects of the delivery of care (HICMAn) is a promising intervention applying proven strategies for optimal care. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN30822978.
Background Anti-angiogenic treatment is believed to have at least cystostatic effects in highly vascularized tumours like pancreatic cancer. In this study, the treatment effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor Cilengitide and gemcitabine were compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods A multi-national, open-label, controlled, randomized, parallel-group, phase II pilot study was conducted in 20 centers in 7 countries. Cilengitide was administered at 600 mg/m2 twice weekly for 4 weeks per cycle and gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m2 for 3 weeks followed by a week of rest per cycle. The planned treatment period was 6 four-week cycles. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, quality of life (QoL), effects on biological markers of disease (CA 19.9) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor), and safety. An ancillary study investigated the pharmacokinetics of both drugs in a subset of patients. Results Eighty-nine patients were randomized. The median overall survival was 6.7 months for Cilengitide and gemcitabine and 7.7 months for gemcitabine alone. The median PFS times were 3.6 months and 3.8 months, respectively. The overall response rates were 17% and 14%, and the tumor growth control rates were 54% and 56%, respectively. Changes in the levels of CA 19.9 went in line with the clinical course of the disease, but no apparent relationships were seen with the biological markers of angiogenesis. QoL and safety evaluations were comparable between treatment groups. Pharmacokinetic studies showed no influence of gemcitabine on the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cilengitide and vice versa. Conclusion There were no clinically important differences observed regarding efficacy, safety and QoL between the groups. The observations lay in the range of other clinical studies in this setting. The combination regimen was well tolerated with no adverse effects on the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of either agent.
Background: Glucose metabolism in the tumor-microenvironment is a fundamental hallmark for tumor growth and intervention therein remains an attractive option for anti-tumor therapy. Whether tumor-derived factors such as microRNAs (miRs) regulate glucose metabolism in stromal cells, especially in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), to hijack them for trophic support, remains elusive.
Methods: Ago-RIP-Seq identified macrophage lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) as a target of tumor-derived miR-375 in both 2D/3D cocultures and in murine TAMs from a xenograft mouse model. The prognostic value was analyzed by ISH and multiplex IHC of breast cancer patient tissues. Functional consequences of the miR-375-LDHB axis in TAMs were investigated upon mimic/antagomir treatment by live metabolic flux assays, GC/MS, qPCR, Western blot, lentiviral knockdown and FACS. The therapeutic potential of a combinatorial miR-375-decoy/simvastatin treatment was validated by live cell imaging.
Results: Macrophage LDHB decreased in murine and human breast carcinoma. LDHB downregulation increase aerobic glycolysis and lactagenesis in TAMs in response to tumor-derived miR-375. Lactagenesis reduced fatty acid synthesis but activated SREBP2, which enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis in macrophages. LDHB downregulation skewed TAMs to function as a lactate and sterol/oxysterol source for the proliferation of tumor cells. Restoring of LDHB expression potentiated inhibitory effects of simvastatin on tumor cell proliferation.
Conclusion: Our findings identified a crucial role of LDHB in macrophages and established tumor-derived miR-375 as a novel regulator of macrophage metabolism in breast cancer, which might pave the way for strategies of combinatorial cancer cell/stroma cell interventions.
A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.