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Based on 368.5 pb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies 4.914 and 4.946 GeV by the BESIII detector, the 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜙𝜒𝑐1(3872) process is searched for the first time. No significant signal is observed and the upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product of the Born cross section 𝜎(𝑒+𝑒−→𝜙𝜒𝑐1(3872)) and the branching fraction ℬ[𝜒𝑐1(3872)→𝜋+𝜋−𝐽/𝜓] at 4.914 and 4.946 GeV are set to be 0.85 and 0.96 pb, respectively. These measurements provide useful information for the production of the 𝜒𝑐1(3872) at 𝑒+𝑒− colliders and deepen our understanding about the nature of this particle.
Using (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous Ξ− and Λ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process J/ψ→Ξ−Ξ¯+→Λ(pπ−)π−Λ¯(n¯π0)π+ and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of α0 for Λ→nπ0 and α¯0 for Λ¯→n¯π0 compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of Λ→nπ0 to that of Λ→pπ−, ⟨α0⟩/⟨αΛ−⟩, is determined to be 0.873±0.012+0.011−0.010, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than 5σ, which signifies the existence of the ΔI=3/2 transition in Λ for the first time. Beside, we test for CP violation in Ξ−→Λπ− and in Λ→nπ0 with the best precision to date.
The branching fraction of D+→K0Sπ0e+νe is measured for the first time using 7.93 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energy s√=3.773~GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, and is determined to be B(D+→K0Sπ0e+νe) = (0.881 ± 0.017stat. ± 0.016syst.)\%. Based on an analysis of the D+→K0Sπ0e+νe decay dynamics, we observe the S-wave and P-wave components with fractions of fS-wave = (6.13 ± 0.27stat. ± 0.30syst.)% and fK¯∗(892)0 = (93.88 ± 0.27stat. ± 0.29syst.)\%, respectively. From these results, we obtain the branching fractions B(D+→(K0Sπ0)S-wave e+νe) = (5.41 ± 0.35stat. ± 0.37syst.)×10−4 and B(D+→K¯∗(892)0e+νe) = (4.97 ± 0.11stat. ± 0.12syst.)\%. In addition, the hadronic form-factor ratios of D+→K¯∗(892)0e+νe at q2=0, assuming a single-pole dominance parameterization, are determined to be rV=V(0)A1(0)=1.43 ± 0.07stat. ± 0.03syst. and r2=A2(0)A1(0)=0.72 ± 0.06stat. ± 0.02syst.
Using a sample of 448.1×106 ψ(2S) events collected with the BESIII detector, we perform a study of the decay J/ψ→K+K− via ψ(2S)→π+π−J/ψ.
The branching fraction of J/ψ→K+K− is determined to be BK+K−=(3.072±0.023(stat.)±0.050(syst.))×10−4, which is consistent with previous measurements but with significantly improved precision.
We perform the first investigation of the process e+e−→K+K−ψ(2S) and report its Born cross sections over a range of center-of-mass energies from 4.699 to 4.951~GeV. The measurements are carried out using several partial reconstruction techniques using data samples collected by the BESIII detector with a total integrated luminosity of 2.5~fb−1. We search for new tetraquark candidates Z±cs in the decays Z±cs→K±ψ(2S). No significant Z±cs signals are observed.
Using (2.712±0.014)×109 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII, we find an evidence of the ηc(2S)→K+K−η′ decay with a statistical significance of 3.1σ. Its decay branching fraction is measured to be (12.24±4.60(stat.)±2.37(syst.)±4.68(extr.))×10−4, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third uncertainty is from the branching fraction of the ψ(3686)→γηc(2S) decay. The upper limit on the product branching fraction B[ψ(3686)→γηc(2S)]× B[ηc(2S)→K+K−η′] is set to be 1.14×10−6 at 90% confidence level. In addition, the branching fractions of χc1→K+K−η′ and χc2→K+K−η′ are updated to be (8.47±0.09(stat.)±0.47(syst.))×10−4 and (1.53±0.04(stat.)±0.08(syst.))×10−4, respectively. The precision is improved by twofold.
Using (2712±14) × 106 ψ(2S) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decays ηc(2S)→ωω and ηc(2S)→ωϕ via the process ψ(2S)→γηc(2S). Evidence of ηc(2S)→ωω is found with a statistical significance of 3.2σ. The branching fraction is measured to be B(ηc(2S)→ωω)=(5.65±3.77(stat.)±5.32(syst.))×10−4. No statistically significant signal is observed for the decay ηc(2S)→ωϕ. The upper limit of the branching fraction at the 90\% confidence level is determined to be B(ψ(2S)→γηc(2S),ηc(2S)→ωϕ)<2.24×10−7. We also update the branching fractions of χcJ→ωω and χcJ→ωϕ decays via the ψ(2S)→γχcJ transition. The branching fractions are determined to be B(χc0→ωω)=(10.63±0.11±0.46)×10−4, B(χc1→ωω)=(6.39±0.07±0.29)×10−4, B(χc2→ωω)=(8.50±0.08±0.38)×10−4, B(χc0→ωϕ)=(1.18±0.03±0.05)×10−4, B(χc1→ωϕ)=(2.03±0.15±0.12)×10−5, and B(χc2→ωϕ)=(9.37±1.07±0.59)×10−6, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Based on a data sample of 10 billion J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, improved measurements of the Dalitz decays η/η′→γe+e− are performed, where the η and η′ are produced through the radiative decays J/ψ→γη/η′. The branching fractions of η→γe+e− and η′→γe+e− are measured to be (7.07±0.05±0.23)×10−3 and (4.83±0.07±0.14)×10−4, respectively. Within the single pole model, the parameter of electromagnetic transition form factor for η→γe+e− is determined to be Λη=(0.749±0.027±0.007) GeV/c2. Within the multi-pole model, we extract the electromagnetic transition form factors for η′→γe+e− to be Λη′=(0.802±0.007±0.008) GeV/c2 and γη′=(0.113±0.010±0.002) GeV/c2. The results are consistent with both theoretical predictions and previous measurements. The characteristic sizes of the interaction regions for the η and η′ are calculated to be (0.645±0.023±0.007) fm and (0.596±0.005±0.006) fm, respectively. In addition, we search for the dark photon in η/η′→γe+e−, and the upper limits of the branching fractions as a function of the dark photon are given at 90\% confidence level.
Search for X(3872)→π⁰π⁰χc₁,₂
(2024)
Using 10.1 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected by the BESIII detector with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 GeV and 4.30 GeV, we search for the decays X(3872)→π0π0χc1,2, where the X(3872) is produced in e+e−→γX(3872). No evidence above 3σ is found for either decay. Upper limits at the 90% C.L. on the branching fractions of X(3872)→π0π0χc1,2 normalized to the branching fraction of X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ are set to be B(X(3872)→π0π0χc1)/B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ)<1.1 and B(X(3872)→π0π0χc2)/B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ)<0.5, taking into account both statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Using e+e− collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 892pb−1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.84 to 4.95\,GeV with the BESIII detector, we search for the process e+e−→K+K−ψ(3770) by reconstructing two charged kaons and one D meson from ψ(3770). No significant signal of e+e−→K+K−ψ(3770) is found and the upper limits of the Born cross sections are reported at 90\% confidence level.
We present the first measurement of fluctuations from event to event in the production of strange particles in collisions of heavy nuclei. The ratio of charged kaons to charged pions is determined for individual central Pb+Pb collisions. After accounting for the fluctuations due to detector resolution and finite number statistics we derive an upper limit on genuine non-statistical fluctuations, perhaps related to a first or second order QCD phase transition. Such fluctuations are shown to be very small.
Neutron capture on 241Am plays an important role in the nuclear energy production and also provides valuable information for the improvement of nuclear models and the statistical interpretation of the nuclear properties. A new experiment to measure the 241Am(n, γ) cross section in the thermal region and the first few resonances below 10 eV has been carried out at EAR2 of the n_TOF facility at CERN. Three neutron-insensitive C6D6 detectors have been used to measure the neutron-capture gamma cascade as a function of the neutron time of flight, and then deduce the neutron capture yield. Preliminary results will be presented and compared with previously obtained results at the same facility in EAR1. In EAR1 the gamma-ray background at thermal energies was about 90% of the signal while in EAR2 is up to a 25 factor much more favorable signal to noise ratio. We also extended the low energy limit down to subthermal energies. This measurement will allow a comparison with neutron capture measurements conducted at reactors and using a different experimental technique.
Background: The photon strength functions (PSFs) and nuclear level density (NLD) are key ingredients for calculation of the photon interaction with nuclei, in particular the reaction cross sections. These cross sections are important especially in nuclear astrophysics and in the development of advanced nuclear technologies.
Purpose: The role of the scissors mode in the M1 PSF of (well-deformed) actinides was investigated by several experimental techniques. The analyses of different experiments result in significant differences, especially on the strength of the mode. The shape of the low-energy tail of the giant electric dipole resonance is uncertain as well. In particular, some works proposed a presence of the E1 pygmy resonance just above 7 MeV. Because of these inconsistencies additional information on PSFs in this region is of great interest.
Methods: The γ-ray spectra from neutron-capture reactions on the 234U, 236 U, and 238 U nuclei have been measured with the total absorption calorimeter of the n_TOF facility at CERN. The background-corrected sum-energy and multi-step-cascade spectra were extracted for several isolated s-wave resonances up to about 140 eV.
Results: The experimental spectra were compared to statistical model predictions coming from a large selection of models of photon strength functions and nuclear level density. No combination of PSF and NLD models from literature is able to globally describe our spectra. After extensive search we were able to find model combinations with modified generalized Lorentzian (MGLO) E1 PSF, which match the experimental spectra as well as the total radiative widths.
Conclusions: The constant temperature energy dependence is favored for a NLD. The tail of giant electric dipole resonance is well described by the MGLO model of the E1 PSF with no hint of pygmy resonance. The M1 PSF must contain a very strong, relatively wide, and likely double-resonance scissors mode. The mode is responsible for about a half of the total radiative width of neutron resonances and significantly affects the radiative cross section.
73Ge(n, γ ) cross sections were measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN up to neutron energies of 300 keV, providing for the first time experimental data above 8 keV. Results indicate that the stellar cross section at kT = 30 keV is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than most theoretical predictions. The new cross sections result in a substantial decrease of 73Ge produced in stars, which would explain the low isotopic abundance of 73Ge in the solar system.
The neutron capture cross section of 154Gd was measured from 1 eV to 300 keV in the experimental area located 185 m from the CERN n_TOF neutron spallation source, using a metallic sample of gadolinium, enriched to 67% in 154Gd. The capture measurement, performed with four C6D6 scintillation detectors, has been complemented by a transmission measurement performed at the GELINA time-of-flight facility (JRC-Geel), thus minimising the uncertainty related to sample composition. An accurate Maxwellian averaged capture cross section (MACS) was deduced over the temperature range of interest for s process nucleosynthesis modelling. We report a value of 880(50) mb for the MACS at kT = 30 keV, significantly lower compared to values available in literature. The new adopted 154Gd(n,γ) cross section reduces the discrepancy between observed and calculated solar s-only isotopic abundances predicted by s-process nucleosynthesis models.
Accurate measurement of the standard 235U(n,f) cross section from thermal to 170 keV neutron energy
(2020)
An accurate measurement of the 235U(n,f) cross section from thermal to 170 keV of neutron energy has recently been performed at n_TOF facility at CERN using 6Li(n,t)4He and 10B(n,α)7Li as references. This measurement has been carried out in order to investigate a possible overestimation of the 235U fission cross section evaluation provided by most recent libraries between 10 and 30 keV. A custom experimental apparatus based on in-beam silicon detectors has been used, and a Monte Carlo simulation in GEANT4 has been employed to characterize the setup and calculate detectors efficiency. The results evidenced the presence of an overestimation in the interval between 9 and 18 keV and the new data may be used to decrease the uncertainty of 235U(n,f) cross section in the keV region.
Accurate neutron capture cross section data for minor actinides (MAs) are required to estimate the production and transmutation rates of MAs in light water reactors with a high burnup, critical fast reactors like Gen-IV systems and other innovative reactor systems such as accelerator driven systems (ADS). Capture reactions of 244Cm open the path for the formation of heavier Cm isotopes and of heavier elements such as Bk and Cf. In addition, 244Cm shares nearly 50% of the total actinide decay heat in irradiated reactor fuels with a high burnup, even after three years of cooling.
Experimental data for this isotope are very scarce due to the difficulties of providing isotopically enriched samples and because the high intrinsic activity of the samples requires the use of neutron facilities with high instantaneous flux. The only two previous experimental data sets for this neutron capture cross section have been obtained in 1969 using a nuclear explosion and, more recently, at J-PARC in 2010. The neutron capture cross sections have been measured at n_TOF with the same samples that the previous experiments in J-PARC. The samples were measured at n_TOF Experimental Area 2 (EAR-2) with three C6D6 detectors and also in Experimental Area 1 (EAR-1) with the Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC). Preliminary results assessing the quality and limitations of these new experimental datasets are presented for the experiments in both areas. Preliminary yields of both measurements will be compared with evaluated libraries for the first time.
233U is the fissile nuclei in the Th-U fuel cycle with a particularily small neutron capture cross setion which is on average about one order of magnitude lower than its fission cross section. Hence, the measurement of the 233U(n, γ) cross section relies on a method to accurately distinguish between capture and fission γ-rays. A measurement of the 233U α-ratio has been performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN using a so-called fission tagging setup, coupling n_TOF 's Total Absorption Calorimeter with a novel fission chamber to tag the fission γ-rays. The experimental setup is described and essential parts of the analysis are discussed. Finally, a preliminary 233U α-ratio is presented.