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Background: The aim is to investigate to what extent the different oral protections compared to the habitual occlusion affect the upper body posture in statics and during taekwondo-specific movement.
Methods: 12 Taekwondoka (5 f/7 m) of German national team were measured by using a 3d back scanner and an ultrasonic distance measuring (upright stand, taekwondo attack and defense movement, two taekwondo specific combinations) in habitual occlusion, with a custom-made and ready-made mouth protection
Results: There are no significant changes in the upper body posture (p ≥ 0.05). Depending on the dynamic measurements, different significant reactions of the spinal position were found while wearing the custom made mouthguard or the ready-made mouthguard according to the conducted movement.
Conclusion: The measured changes in dynamic movements are not clinical relevant. Based on the positive responses from the participants, the custom-made mouth protection can be recommended combined with an individual analysis.
Im Rahmen einer Bestandsaufnahme der Erlenwälder im nordwestlichen Niedersachsen wurden 101 Vegetationsaufnahmen gemacht. Die Größe der Aufnahmeflächen betrug 400 qm, in einem zusammenhängenden Waldgebiet wurden nicht mehr als 3 Vegetationsaufnahmen gemacht. Der Datensatz wurde mit 3 verschiedenen Methoden klassifiziert. Erstens wurden 28 Dominanztypen nach der vorherrschenden Wuchsform (bzw. innerhalb der Wuchsform nach der vorherrschenden Art) in der Krautschicht unterschieden. Zweitens wurden aufgrund der floristischen Zusammensetzung 21 operationale Kleintypen gebildet, die jeweils durch ihre gesamte charakteristische Artenkombination voneinander abgrenzbar sind. Diese Kleintypen wurden unter Zuhilfenahme ökologischer Kriterien zu 6 Basistypen verschmolzen. Drittens wurde mit Hilfe von Differentialarten bekannter Wertigkeit eine pflanzensoziologische Klassifikation durchgeführt, die zwei Assoziationen (eine davon in 3 Subassoziationen und teilweise weiter in Varianten unterteilt) lieferte. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Klassifikationsmethoden werden, auch unter Bezugnahme zu der gewählten Aufnahmemethodik, ausführlich diskutiert. Je nach Fragestellung wird man sich für die eine oder andere Klassifikation entscheiden. Auch die Grenzen der Klassifizierbarkeit von Erlenwäldern werden diskutiert.
Yeast large ribosomal subunit (LSU) precursors are subject to substantial changes in protein composition during their maturation due to coordinated transient interactions with a large number of ribosome biogenesis factors and due to the assembly of ribosomal proteins. These compositional changes go along with stepwise processing of LSU rRNA precursors and with specific rRNA folding events, as revealed by recent cryo-electron microscopy analyses of late nuclear and cytoplasmic LSU precursors. Here we aimed to analyze changes in the spatial rRNA surrounding of selected ribosomal proteins during yeast LSU maturation. For this we combined a recently developed tethered tertiary structure probing approach with both targeted and high throughput readout strategies. Several structural features of late LSU precursors were faithfully detected by this procedure. In addition, the obtained data let us suggest that early rRNA precursor processing events are accompanied by a global transition from a flexible to a spatially restricted rRNA conformation. For intermediate LSU precursors a number of structural hallmarks could be addressed which include the fold of the internal transcribed spacer between 5.8S rRNA and 25S rRNA, the orientation of the central protuberance and the spatial organization of the interface between LSU rRNA domains I and III.
Introduction: The estimation of age-at-death of unidentified cadavers is a central aspect of the identification process. With increasing age, the incidence of glomerulosclerosis and the thickness of the carotid wall have been observed to also increase. This correlation has been demonstrated in various international histological studies. The aim of our study was to assess whether these correlations also apply to a Western European population.
Methodology: In this retrospective observational study, kidney and common carotid artery samples from 216 cases autopsied at the Institute of Legal Medicine at the Justus-Liebig University in Giessen, Germany, were examined. Only cases with available tissue samples from both body sides were included. Exclusion criteria were poor sample quality and an age younger than 21 years. After histological processing, the tissue samples were assessed and digitally evaluated. Regression and classification analyses were used to investigate the correlation between age-at-death and intima-media thickness and age-at-death and the incidence of renal glomerular sclerosis.
Results: Of the 216 autopsy cases, 183 were included for evaluation. Analysis of the carotid artery segments showed a strong correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.887) between the intima-media-complex thickness and chronological age. Classification of the glomerulosclerotic incidence showed a correlation of 37.7–43.1% with the predicted age group.
Discussion: Both the intima-media thickness and the proportion of sclerotic glomeruli can be used to estimate age in Western European cadavers. On the basis of these results, both methods are suited to supplement other already established methods for age-at-death estimation in the identification of an unknown cadaver.