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Introduction: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) represents a rare benign disorder, previously designated as "Histiocytosis X", "Type II Histiocytosis" or "Langerhans Cell Granulomatosis". Clinical presentation includes osteolysis, ulcerations of skin and soft tissues but also involvement of the CNS is described.Because treatment concepts are not well defined the German Cooperative Group on Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases performed a retrospective analysis.
Methods and material: Eight closely cooperating centres collected patients' data of the past 45 years. As study endpoints disease free survival, recurrent disease, death and therapy related side effects were defined.
Results: A total of 80 patients with histologically proven LCH were irradiated within the past 45 years. According to the LCH classification of Greenberger et al. 37 patients had stage Ia, 21 patients stage Ib, 13 patients stage II and 9 patients stage IIIb and the median age was 29 years. The median Follow up was 54 months (range 9-134 months). A total of 39 patients had a surgical intervention and 23 patients a chemotherapy regimen.Radiation treatment was carried out with a median total dose of 15 Gy (range 3-50.4 Gy). The median single fraction was 2 Gy (range 1.8-3 Gy).Overall, 77% patients achieved a complete remission and 12.5% achieved a partial remission. The long-term control rate reached 80%. Within an actuarial overall 5-year survival of 90% no radiogenic side and late effects ≥EORTC/RTOG II° were observed.
Conclusion: In the present study a large collective of irradiated patients was analysed. Radiotherapy (RT) is a very effective and safe treatment option and even low RT doses show sufficient local control.
This psychophysiological study is the first to examine the relationship between emotional tears and emotional piloerection (i.e., goosebumps). Although both phenomena have been related to peak states of being moved, details about their temporal occurrence and the associated levels of physiological arousal have remained unknown. In our study, we used emotionally powerful film scenes that were self-selected by participants. Our findings show that even within peak moments of emotional arousal, a gradation of intensity is possible. The overlap of tears and goosebumps signifies a maximal climax within peak moments. On the side of the stimulus, we found that displays of prosocial behavior play a crucial role in the elicitation of tears and goosebumps. Finally, based on the results of a formal film analysis of the tears-eliciting clips provided by our participants, as compared to randomly extracted, equally long control clips from the same films, we show how the technical and artistic making of the clips was optimized for the display of social interaction and emotional expressions.
Introduction: The induced membrane technique for the treatment of large bone defects is a two-step procedure. In the first operation, a foreign body membrane is induced around a spacer, then, in the second step, several weeks or months later, the spacer is removed and the Membrane pocket is filled with autologous bone material. Induction of a functional biological membrane might be avoided by initially using a biological membrane. In this study, the effect of a human acellular dermis (hADM, Epiflex, DIZG gGmbH) was evaluated for the treatment of a large (5 mm), plate-stabilised femoral bone defect.
Material and Methods: In an established rat model, hADM was compared to the two-stage induced membrane technique and a bone defect without membrane cover. Syngeneous spongiosa from donor animals was used for defect filling in all groups. The group size in each case was n = 5, the induction time of the membrane was 3–4 weeks and the healing time after filling of the defect was 8 weeks.
Results: The ultimate loads were increased to levels comparable with native bone in both membrane groups (hADM: 63.2% ± 29.6% of the reference bone, p < 0.05 vs. no membrane, induced membrane: 52.1% ± 25.8% of the reference bone, p < 0.05 vs. no membrane) and were significantly higher than the control group without membrane (21.5%). The membrane groups were radiologically and histologically almost completely bridged by new bone formation, in contrast to the control Group where no closed osseous bridging could be observed.
Conclusion: The use of the human acellular dermis leads to equivalent healing results in comparison to the two-stage induced membrane technique. This could lead to a shortened therapy duration of large bone defects.
The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) in second-hand smoke (SHS) is hazardous to health of smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco strength (amount of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide) and different additives might have an effect on the amount of PM. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tobacco strength or additives on PM. Four cigarette types of the brand Marlboro with different strengths and with or without additives were analyzed in comparison to the 3R4F reference cigarette. SHS was generated by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (AETSE) in an enclosed space with a volume of 2.88 m³. PM concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) were measured with a laser aerosol spectrometer followed by statistical analysis. The two strongest Marlboro brands (Red and Red without additives) showed the highest PM concentrations of all tested cigarettes. The measured mean concentrations Cmean of PM10 increased up to 1458 µg/m³ for the Marlboro Red without additives (PM2.5: 1452 µg/m³, PM1: 1263 µg/m³). The similarly strong Marlboro Red showed very similar PM values. The second strongest type Marlboro Gold showed 36% (PM10, PM2.5) and 32% (PM1) lower values, respectively. The “lightest” type Marlboro Silver Blue showed 54% (PM10, PM2.5) or 50% (PM1) lower PM values. The results indicate that the lower the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide amounts, as well as the longer the cigarette filter, the lower are the PM levels. An influence of additives could not be determined.
Objective: To examine risk of malignancy and death in patients with kidney transplant who receive the immunosuppressive drug sirolimus.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.
Data sources: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to March 2013.
Eligibility: Randomized controlled trials comparing immunosuppressive regimens with and without sirolimus in recipients of kidney or combined pancreatic and renal transplant for which the author was willing to provide individual patient level data. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full text reports of potentially eligible trials to identify studies for inclusion. All eligible trials reported data on malignancy or survival.
Results: The search yielded 2365 unique citations. Patient level data were available from 5876 patients from 21 randomized trials. Sirolimus was associated with a 40% reduction in the risk of malignancy (adjusted hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.93) and a 56% reduction in the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (0.44, 0.30 to 0.63) compared with controls. The most pronounced effect was seen in patients who converted to sirolimus from an established immunosuppressive regimen, resulting in a reduction in risk of malignancy (0.34, 0.28 to 0.41), non-melanoma skin cancer (0.32, 0.24 to 0.42), and other cancers (0.52, 0.38 to 0.69). Sirolimus was associated with an increased risk of death (1.43, 1.21 to 1.71) compared with controls.
Conclusions: Sirolimus was associated with a reduction in the risk of malignancy and non-melanoma skin cancer in transplant recipients. The benefit was most pronounced in patients who converted from an established immunosuppressive regimen to sirolimus. Given the risk of mortality, however, the use of this drug does not seem warranted for most patients with kidney transplant. Further research is needed to determine if different populations, such as those at high risk of cancer, might benefit from sirolimus.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.9 fb−1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.16 to 4.34 GeV with the BESIII detector, we search for the decay χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1 in the radiative production e+e−→γχc1(3872). No significant signal is observed, and the ratio for the branching fraction of χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1 to χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ is measured as R≡B[χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1]B[χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ]<0.18 at 90% confidence level. The upper limit on the product of the cross section σ[e+e−→γχc1(3872)] and the branching fraction B[χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1] at each center-of-mass energy is also given. These measurements favor the non-conventional charmonium nature of the χc1(3872) state.
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1, a measurement of Born cross sections for the e+e−→D0D¯0 and D+D− processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e+e−→D0D¯0 and D+D− around the mass range of G(3900), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), Y(4260), and ψ(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.
Based on a data sample of (27.08±0.14)×108 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the M1 transition ψ(3686)→γηc(2S) with ηc(2S)→KK¯π is studied, where KK¯π is K+K−π0 or K0SK±π∓. The mass and width of the ηc(2S) are measured to be (3637.8±0.8(stat)±0.2(syst)) MeV/c2 and (10.5±1.7(stat)±3.5(syst)) MeV, respectively. The product branching fraction B(ψ(3686)→γηc(2S))×B(ηc(2S)→KK¯π) is determined to be (0.97±0.06(stat)±0.09(syst))×10−5. Using BR(ηc(2S)→KK¯π)=(1.86+0.68−0.49)%, we obtain the branching fraction of the radiative transition to be BR(ψ(3686)→γηc(2S))=(5.2±0.3(stat)±0.5(syst)+1.9−1.4(extr))×10−4, where the third uncertainty is due to the quoted BR(ηc(2S)→KK¯π).
Using data samples collected at center-of-mass energies between 2.000 and 3.080 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, a partial-wave analysis is performed on the process e+e−→ηπ+π−. In addition to the dominant e+e−→ρη component, the e+e−→a2(1320)π process is also sizeable, contributing up to 24% of the total reaction. The measured cross sections of the process e+e−→ηπ+π− are systematically higher than those of BaBar by more than 3σ at center-of-mass energies between 2.000 and 2.300 GeV. In the cross section lineshape for e+e−→a2(1320)π, a resonant structure is observed with a significance of 5.5σ, with M=(2044±31±4) MeV/c2, Γ=(163±69±24) MeV and BR⋅ΓRe+e−=(34.6±17.1±6.0) eV or (137.1±73.3±2.1) eV. In the cross section lineshape for e+e−→ρη, an evidence of a dip structure around 2180 MeV/c2 is observed with statistical significance of 3.0σ.
The measurement of the Cabibbo-favored semileptonic decay Λ+c→Λμ+νμ is reported using 4.5 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.600~GeV to 4.699~GeV. The branching fraction of the decay is measured to be B(Λ+c→Λμ+νμ)=(3.48±0.14stat.±0.10syst.)%, three times more precise than the prior world average result. Tests of lepton flavor universality using Λ+c→Λℓ+νℓ (ℓ=e,μ) decays are reported for the first time, based on measurements of the differential decay rates and the forward-backward asymmetries in separate four-momentum transfer regions. The results are compatible with Standard Model predictions. Furthermore, we improve the determination of the form-factor parameters in Λ+c→Λℓ+νℓ decays, which provide stringent tests and calibration for lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations.