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Borges : philology as poetry
(2018)
The titles of many of Borges's poems refer to canonical texts of world literature. One poem, for example, deals with the ending of the Odyssey and is simply called "A scholion"; others are called "Inferno V, 129" and "Paradise XXXI, 108", referring both to Dante's "Divine Comedy". These titles indicate that in his poems, Borges often keeps his distance from traditional poetical matters such as love, or, more generally, immediate emotions. Instead, he writes poems that gloss other texts, some of which actually relate love stories. Thus, Borges's poems stage themselves as philological commentaries rather than as poetry in its own right. In a similar vein and on a more general level, Borges likes to present himself in poems, interviews, and essays as a fervent reader of world literature, playing down his role as an original author. [...] In the following two sections of his paper, Joachim Harst tackles this question by commenting on two of Borges's philological poems, namely, the two texts on Dante's "Comedy". A ready objection to the idea of "philological poetry" is that despite Borges's selfstaging as reader, his texts obviously aren't philological in any academic sense. [...] The fundamental role of love for Dante's cosmological vision leads Harst to another understanding of the term "philology," namely, its more or less literal translation as "love of the lógos," the "lógos" being the cosmic principle and the divine word. Dante's Comedy can be considered a "philological" text in the sense that it is fueled by the "love of the lógos," and it discusses this love by citing, glossing and correcting other texts on love. Returning to Borges, Harst suggests that his two "philological" poems on Dante refer to this understanding of "philology." But by modifying the epic's theological underpinnings, they work to integrate Dante into a larger system which Borges calls "universal literature." Harst claims that this notion of literature, just like Dante's cosmos, is also centered on a lógos—albeit differently structured—and in this sense "philological."
Einleitung [Leseprobe]
(2021)
Können literarische Texte Verbindlichkeit stiften? Diese Frage untersucht Joachim Harst anhand von Ehe- und Ehebruchsgeschichten, indem er leidenschaftliche Liebe auf ihre Bedeutung für soziale Bindung hin untersucht. Liebe ist unabdingbares Element gesellschaftlicher Verbindlichkeit, kann diese durch die ihre Exzessivität aber auch bedrohen. Während literarische Ehebruchsgeschichten häufig die Sprengkraft dieser Dialektik bewusst in den Vordergrund stellen, streben Religion und Recht an, sie einzuschränken und zu regulieren. Doch produziert nicht bereits das Reden über Liebe Affekte, sodass jeder Versuch der Einschränkung im Grunde unfreiwillig seiner Subversion zuarbeitet? Auch von Seiten der Literatur wird diese Gegenseitigkeit immer wieder betont: Romane wie Gottfrieds "Tristan" oder Goethes "Werther" wiederholen unermüdlich, dass Liebe durch Lesen entsteht - und fordern umgekehrt ein liebendes Lesen ein. Sie wollen "Philo-Logie" hervorrufen - literarisch geweckte "Liebe zum Logos". Der Frage, in welchem Verhältnis diese Liebe wiederum zur Literaturwissenschaft stehen kann, wird hier auf den Grund gegangen.
The final letters of Ovid's collection "Heroides" tell the remarkable story of a written oath. Acontius has fallen in love with the beautiful Cydippe. Since she is already promised to another man, Acontius uses a deceitful stratagem: he sends her an apple on which he has inscribed "cunning words", namely, an oath of engagement. As Cydippe reads the inscription aloud mechanically, she finds herself involuntarily bound to marry Acontius, and finally gives in to his insistent wooing. If read against the backdrop of a media theory of law, Ovid's story raises a couple of important questions concerning the relationship between orality and literacy at the beginning of Western legal history. While the oath undoubtedly is a fundamental element of early law, it is usually understood as part of an "archaic" oral law that is "rationalized" only afterwards by being transferred to writing. Ovid, however, presents the idea of an originally written oath and thus invites the reader to reconsider the relation between speech and writing: To what extent may writing exert a binding force that is distinct from the representation of speech?