Refine
Document Type
- Article (2)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3)
Institute
The E-pathway of transmembrane proton transfer has been demonstrated previously to be essential for catalysis by the diheme-containing quinol:fumarate reductase (QFR) of Wolinella succinogenes. Two constituents of this pathway, Glu-C180 and heme b(D) ring C (b(D)-C-) propionate, have been validated experimentally. Here, we identify further constituents of the E-pathway by analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. The redox state of heme groups has a crucial effect on the connectivity patterns of mobile internal water molecules that can transiently support proton transfer from the b(D)-C-propionate to Glu-C180. The short H-bonding paths formed in the reduced states can lead to high proton conduction rates and thus provide a plausible explanation for the required opening of the E-pathway in reduced QFR. We found evidence that the b(D)-C-propionate group is the previously postulated branching point connecting proton transfer to the E-pathway from the quinol-oxidation site via interactions with the heme b(D) ligand His-C44. An essential functional role of His-C44 is supported experimentally by site-directed mutagenesis resulting in its replacement with Glu. Although the H44E variant enzyme retains both heme groups, it is unable to catalyze quinol oxidation. All results obtained are relevant to the QFR enzymes from the human pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori.
Both the genomes of the epsilonproteobacteria Wolinella succinogenes and Campylobacter jejuni contain operons (sdhABE) that encode for so far uncharacterized enzyme complexes annotated as ‘non-classical’ succinate:quinone reductases (SQRs). However, the role of such an enzyme ostensibly involved in aerobic respiration in an anaerobic organism such as W. succinogenes has hitherto been unknown. We have established the first genetic system for the manipulation and production of a member of the non-classical succinate:quinone oxidoreductase family. Biochemical characterization of the W. succinogenes enzyme reveals that the putative SQR is in fact a novel methylmenaquinol:fumarate reductase (MFR) with no detectable succinate oxidation activity, clearly indicative of its involvement in anaerobic metabolism. We demonstrate that the hydrophilic subunits of the MFR complex are, in contrast to all other previously characterized members of the superfamily, exported into the periplasm via the twin-arginine translocation (tat)-pathway. Furthermore we show that a single amino acid exchange (Ala86→His) in the flavoprotein of that enzyme complex is the only additional requirement for the covalent binding of the otherwise non-covalently bound FAD. Our results provide an explanation for the previously published puzzling observation that the C. jejuni sdhABE operon is upregulated in an oxygen-limited environment as compared with microaerophilic laboratory conditions.
Das Genom des anaeroben ε-Proteobakteriums Wolinella succinogenes codiert überraschenderweise für Enzymkomplexe, die typisch für die aerobe Atmung sind. Die entsprechenden Gene werd en unter bekannten Wachstumsbedingungen nicht
exprimiert. Darunter findet sich ein Operon ( sdhABE) für eine putative „Succinat-Dehydrogenase“, die hohe Sequenzhomol ogien zu sog. „nicht-klassischen“ archaealen Succinat-Dehydrogenasen zeigt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte die „Succinat-Dehydro genase“ mit Hilfe des etablierten genetischen Systems zur Modifikation und Produktion der Chinol:Fumarat-Reduktase(QFR) homolog in W. succinogenes produziert und charakterisiert werden. Das genetische System besteht aus der QFR- Deletions-mutante ΔfrdCAB und dem Vektor pFrdcat2, der aufgrund seiner zentralen Bedeutung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sequenziert wurde.