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Der europäische Arbeitnehmerbegriff ist aus der arbeitsrechtlichen Praxis inzwischen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Das Ausmaß des Einflusses des Europarechts auf das nationale Arbeitsrecht ist insbesondere seit den Entscheidungen des EuGH in den Rechtssachen Danosa (EuGH, 11.11.2010 - C-232/09) und Balkaya (EuGH, 9.7.2015 - C-229/14) zum Arbeitnehmerstatus des Geschäftsführers einer Kapitalgesellschaft erheblich. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Auswirkungen dieser Rechtsprechung auf den nationalen Arbeitnehmerbegriff.
Protein turnover and quality control by the proteasome is of paramount importance for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the proteasome is associated with aging processes and human diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, and cancer. The regulation, i.e. activation and inhibition of this fundamentally important protein degradation system, is still widely unexplored. We demonstrate here that the evolutionarily highly conserved type II triple-A ATPase VCP and the proteasome inhibitor PSMF1/PI31 interact directly, and antagonistically regulate proteasomal activity. Our data provide novel insights into the regulation of proteasomal activity.
The Coulomb Dissociation (CD) cross sections of the stable isotopes 92,94,100Mo and of the unstable isotope 93Mo were measured at the LAND/R3B setup at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. Experimental data on these isotopes may help to explain the problem of the underproduction of 92,94Mo and 96,98Ru in the models of p-process nucleosynthesis. The CD cross sections obtained for the stable Mo isotopes are in good agreement with experiments performed with real photons, thus validating the method of Coulomb Dissociation. The result for the reaction 93Mo(γ,n) is especially important since the corresponding cross section has not been measured before. A preliminary integral Coulomb Dissociation cross section of the 94Mo(γ,n) reaction is presented. Further analysis will complete the experimental database for the (γ,n) production chain of the p-isotopes of molybdenum.