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The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.
Rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV
(2011)
The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied inclusive J/ψ production at central and forward rapidities in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV. In this Letter, we report on the first results obtained detecting the J/ψ through the dilepton decay into e+e− and μ+μ− pairs in the rapidity ranges |y|<0.9 and 2.5<y<4, respectively, and with acceptance down to zero pT. In the dielectron channel the analysis was carried out on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity Lint=5.6 nb−1 and the number of signal events is NJ/ψ=352±32(stat.)±28(syst.); the corresponding figures in the dimuon channel are Lint=15.6 nb−1 and NJ/ψ=1924±77(stat.)±144(syst.). The measured production cross sections are σJ/ψ(|y|<0.9)=10.7±1.0(stat.)±1.6(syst.)−2.3+1.6(syst.pol.)μb and σJ/ψ(2.5<y<4)=6.31±0.25(stat.)±0.76(syst.)−1.96+0.95(syst.pol.)μb. The differential cross sections, in transverse momentum and rapidity, of the J/ψ were also measured.
A 79 year old female patient was admitted to our emergency department with a fracture of the right medial femoral neck six days after a fall on her right side and a cemented hemiprosthesis was implanted. Five days later, she developed a hemorrhagic shock and was diagnosed with a delayed splenic rupture and the spleen was resected. Histopathological examination showed a delayed rupture of an otherwise normal spleen without signs of an underlying pathology. The outcome was fatal: In the postoperative course she developed pneumonia, three weeks later she succumbed due to multiple organ failure.
Even careful reevaluation of the case did not provide any clues to expect an injury of the spleen according to trauma mechanism.
This case shows that delayed splenic rupture of a normal spleen may occur even after a low energy trauma. Injury of the spleen should therefore always be considered, even with an uncharacteristic anamnesis. Physical examination after trauma should therefore always include a careful clinical evaluation. The clinical threshold for a FAST examination should be low.
The coincidence of a femoral neck fracture and a splenic rupture after a low energy trauma has not been reported before.
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and NF-κB play important roles in the inflammatory response after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R). Here, the role of myeloid HIF-1α in liver hypoxia, injury, and inflammation after H/R with special regard to NF-κB activation was studied.
Methods: Mice with a conditional HIF-1α knockout (KO) in myeloid cell-line and wild-type (WT) controls were hemorrhaged for 90 min ( mm Hg) and resuscitated. Controls underwent only surgical procedures.
Results: After six hours, H/R enhanced the expression of HIF-1α-induced genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and adrenomedullin (ADM). In KO mice, this was not observed. H/R-induced liver injury in HIF-1α KO was comparable to WT. Elevated plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels after H/R were not reduced by HIF-1α KO. Local hepatic hypoxia was not significantly reduced in HIF-1α KO compared to controls after H/R. H/R-induced NF-κB phosphorylation in liver did not significantly differ between WT and KO.
Conclusions: Here, deleting HIF-1α in myeloid cells and thereby in Kupffer cells was not protective after H/R. This data indicates that other factors, such as NF-κB, due to its upregulated phosphorylation in WT and KO mice, contrary to HIF-1α, are rather key modulators of inflammation after H/R in our model.
Poster Einleitung: OSCEs werden immer häufiger in der Ausbildung von Studierenden eingesetzt. Die Einführung eines OSCEs im fach Chirurgie ist in Planung. Durch die große Anzahl von Studierenden pro Semester oder Studienjahr (400 Studierende in Frankfurt) ist die Durchführung einer OSCE Prüfung mit großem personellen Aufwand verbunden. Vor allem während der Prüfung müssen eine Vielzahl von Chirurgen simultan zu Prüfungszwecken zur Verfügung stehen. Ziel der Studie war es, zu überprüfen, ob eine video-basierte Bewertung einer „Nahtstation“ zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt zu gleichen Ergebnissen in der Bewertung der Leistung der Studierenden führt. Methode: 33 Studierende führten unter standardisierten Bedingungen eine Hautnaht an einem Modell durchzuführen. Die Studierenden wurden während der Prozedur von zwei prüfenden Chirurgen und zwei Studierenden im PJ (praktischen Jahr) beobachtet und anhand einer objektiv strukturierten Checkliste bewertet (Prozessevaluation). Die Prozedur wurde gleichzeitig auf Video aufgezeichnet und zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt zwei weiteren Chirurgen und zwei weiteren Studierenden im PJ zur Bewertung gezeigt. Ergebnisse: Der Vergleich zwischen "live“-prüfenden und "video“-prüfenden Chirurgen zeigt eine signifikant hohe Korrelation (r=0,87; p<0,01) und eine hohe Übereinstimmung (88,2%) in der Bewertung. Ebenso zeigen die prüfenden PJler eine signifikant hohe Korrelation (r=0,84; p<0,01). Die Übereinstimmung ist bei den PJlern mit (82.4%) etwas niedriger als bei den beteiligten Chirurgen. Zusammenfassung: Mit dieser Studie konnte zeigt werden, daß es bei der Beurteilung der Performance von Studierenden bei einer Hautnaht am Modell unter Anwendung von objektiv strukturierten Checklisten möglich ist, eine direkte Beobachtung der Studierenden durch eine video-basierte Beobachtung zu ersetzen. Eine "Nahtstation“ in einem OSCE kann somit während der Prüfungszeit ohne Prüfer auskommen und im Anschluß bewertet werden.