Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Preprint (787)
- Article (691)
- Working Paper (16)
- Part of Periodical (11)
- Doctoral Thesis (4)
- Part of a Book (3)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Bachelor Thesis (1)
- Book (1)
- Review (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1518)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1518)
Keywords
- Heavy Ion Experiments (21)
- taxonomy (21)
- BESIII (14)
- new species (13)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (11)
- Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) (11)
- Branching fraction (9)
- e +-e − Experiments (9)
- LHC (7)
- morphology (7)
- Heavy-ion collision (6)
- Particle and Resonance Production (6)
- Quarkonium (6)
- China (5)
- Equation of state (5)
- Hadronic decays (5)
- Branching fractions (4)
- Charm physics (4)
- Collective Flow (4)
- Electroweak interaction (4)
- Jets (4)
- Lepton colliders (4)
- Polarization (4)
- QCD (4)
- Quark-Gluon Plasma (4)
- ALICE experiment (3)
- Charm Physics (3)
- Charmed mesons (3)
- Charmonium (3)
- Compact stars (3)
- Ctenopelmatinae (3)
- Elastic scattering (3)
- Exotics (3)
- Experimental nuclear physics (3)
- Experimental particle physics (3)
- Heavy Ions (3)
- Heavy Quark Production (3)
- Heavy-ion collisions (3)
- Inflammation (3)
- Initial state radiation (3)
- Jets and Jet Substructure (3)
- Oriental region (3)
- Particle and resonance production (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- ambiguity (3)
- e+-e− Experiments (3)
- key (3)
- male genitalia (3)
- ALICE (2)
- Bhabha (2)
- Biogeography (2)
- C1 inhibitor (2)
- Cell biology (2)
- Chinesisch (2)
- Collectivity (2)
- Correlation (2)
- Cross section (2)
- DNA-PAINT (2)
- Diffraction (2)
- Electroweak Interaction (2)
- Elliptic flow (2)
- Endothelial cells (2)
- Fulgoroidea (2)
- Fulgoromorpha (2)
- Genetics (2)
- Hadronic cross section (2)
- Heavy baryons (2)
- Heavy ion collisions (2)
- Key (2)
- Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments) (2)
- Leptonic, semileptonic & radiative decays (2)
- MET (2)
- Muon anomaly (2)
- Particle Correlations and Fluctuations (2)
- Particle correlations and fluctuations (2)
- Particle decays (2)
- Pb–Pb collisions (2)
- Pion form factor (2)
- RHIC (2)
- Rapid rotation (2)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (2)
- Shear viscosity (2)
- Zinsertragskurve (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- bamboo pests (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- biomarker (2)
- business equity (2)
- equation of state (2)
- female genitalia (2)
- fixed-links modeling (2)
- heavy ion collisions (2)
- hereditary angioedema (2)
- household-portfolio shares (2)
- identification key (2)
- laboratory experiments (2)
- minerals (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- new genus (2)
- new synonym (2)
- new taxa (2)
- pp collisions (2)
- prophylaxis (2)
- psychiatric disorders (2)
- single-molecule localization microscopy (2)
- subsistence consumption (2)
- wealth inequality (2)
- 900 GeV (1)
- ADAM-17 (1)
- ADHD (1)
- ALICE detector (1)
- ATM (1)
- Acquisitions (1)
- Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (1)
- Afrotropical Region (1)
- Alexeter (1)
- Alleles (1)
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Angular distribution (1)
- Anisozygoptera (1)
- Annihilation (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Anti-nuclei (1)
- Aortic valve (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aspekt <Linguistik> (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics (1)
- Atractides (1)
- B-slope (1)
- BCX7353 (1)
- BESIII detector (1)
- Bacchini (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayesian network (1)
- Beauty production (1)
- Benchmark testing (1)
- Berci needle (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Bioethanol (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (1)
- Bond Market (1)
- Boosted Jets (1)
- Born cross section measurement (1)
- Brain (1)
- Bubble-like structure (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- C. gorohovi Sivec & Stark, 2010 (1)
- C1-esterase inhibitor protein (1)
- CAPON (1)
- CD4+ T lymphocytes (1)
- CEP68 (1)
- CP violation (1)
- Cabozantinib (1)
- Calliopiidae (1)
- Campodorus (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cantonese (1)
- Cardiomyocyte signaling pathways (1)
- Cardioprotection (1)
- Cardiovascular disease (1)
- Causality assessment (1)
- Cell membranes (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cellulase (1)
- Cellulases (1)
- Centrality Class (1)
- Centrality Selection (1)
- Cerambycidae (1)
- Cetoniinae (1)
- Charged-particle multiplicity (1)
- Charm quark spatial diffusion coefficient (1)
- Charmonia (1)
- Charmonium (-like) (1)
- Chemical biology (1)
- Chemikalie (1)
- Chilocorini (1)
- Chinabild (1)
- Chinesische Medizin (1)
- Chinoperla changjiangensis sp. nov. (1)
- Clausius–Clapeyron scaling (1)
- Coalescence (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cold nuclear matter effects (1)
- Collateral Constraint (1)
- Collective Flow, (1)
- Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (1)
- Comorbidities (1)
- Comparison with QCD (1)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- Computerlinguistik (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Convolutional (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (1)
- Course (1)
- Covariance matrix (1)
- Critical point (1)
- Cross section measurements (1)
- Cross-Section of Returns (1)
- Ctenopelma (1)
- Cultural translation (1)
- D meson (1)
- D-xylose fermentation (1)
- D-xylose isomerase (1)
- D0 and D+ mesons (1)
- DLPFC (1)
- DNA barcodes (1)
- Dali (1)
- Dalitz decay (1)
- Dark photon (1)
- Dark sector (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Datong coalfield (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Delphacidae (1)
- Delta resonance (1)
- Dense matter (1)
- Depression (1)
- Deuteron (1)
- Deuteron production (1)
- Di-hadron correlations (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dolichomitus (1)
- Drip-line nucleus (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug targeting (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- Duisburg-Hamborn (1)
- Dumon stents (1)
- Dynamic Factor Model (1)
- Dynamic transport (1)
- D⁰ meson (1)
- EGFR (1)
- EOS (1)
- Early Permian (1)
- Earthquake magnitude (1)
- Earthquake waveforms (1)
- Educational institutions (1)
- Electromagnetic form factor (1)
- Electromagnetic form factors (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Endothelial permeability (1)
- Endothelium (1)
- Ephialtini (1)
- Epiophlebioptera (1)
- Epiproctophora (1)
- Epstein-Zin-Weil recursive preferences (1)
- Europe (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evolutionary engineering (1)
- Exchange PAINT (1)
- Excisivalgus (1)
- Extracellular RNA (eRNA) (1)
- Extraterrestrial measurements (1)
- FDI-intensity (1)
- FOS: Physical sciences (1)
- Femtoscopy (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- Fiduciary Duties (1)
- Financial Frictions (1)
- Fire Sales (1)
- First-motion polarity (1)
- Fissocantharis (1)
- Flagellaten (1)
- Flagellates (1)
- Flavor changing neutral currents (1)
- Flavor symmetries (1)
- Flavour Physics (1)
- Flow (1)
- Form factors (1)
- Frau (1)
- G-protein (1)
- Galenus (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Gene engineering (1)
- Geodetic data (1)
- Glacial biodiversity (1)
- Global Yield (1)
- Gravitational wave events (1)
- Gravitational waves (1)
- Groomed jet radius (1)
- Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (1)
- Guanosine triphosphatase (1)
- Gulik, Robert Hans van (1)
- HAE (1)
- HAEGARDA (1)
- HBT (1)
- HBT correlation (1)
- HBT interferometry (1)
- HBT puzzle (1)
- HICs (1)
- HSV (1)
- Hadron potentials (1)
- Hadron production (1)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering Heavy (1)
- Hadron-hadron interactions (1)
- Hadronic potential (1)
- Hadronization (1)
- Hadrons (1)
- Haematococcus pluvialis (1)
- Hard Scattering (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heart regeneration (1)
- Heavy Ion Experiment (1)
- Heavy flavour production (1)
- Heavy ions (1)
- Heavy-Ion Collision (1)
- Heavy-flavor decay electron (1)
- Heavy-flavour decay muons (1)
- Heavy-flavour production (1)
- Heavy-ion (1)
- Hematoma (1)
- Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) (1)
- Hemiptera (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1)
- Herb induced liver injury (1)
- Herbs (1)
- Hereditary angioedema (1)
- High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) (1)
- Higher moments (1)
- Homeostasis (1)
- Hubei (1)
- Hunan (1)
- HyMeX (1)
- Hybovalgus (1)
- Hydrodynamic models (1)
- Hyperonic stars (1)
- Hyperons (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Immunostaining (1)
- Inclusive spectra (1)
- Indirect treatment comparison (ITC) (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Industriearbeiterin (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Inhibitor tolerance (1)
- Intensity interferometry (1)
- Interest Rate (1)
- Interference fragmentation function (1)
- Intermittency (1)
- Invariant Mass Distribution (1)
- Invisible decays (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury (1)
- Isoperlinae (1)
- J/ψ suppression (1)
- Jet Physics (1)
- Jet Substructure (1)
- Jet substructure (1)
- Juglans mandshurica (1)
- Kausativ (1)
- Kollision (1)
- Kollisionen schwerer Ionen (1)
- Korpus <Linguistik> (1)
- Korrelation (1)
- Kriminalroman (1)
- Lady beetles (1)
- Latrunculia (1)
- Lentiviral vectors (1)
- Library screening (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Liquidation Preferences (1)
- Lokalisation (1)
- Long-term (1)
- Lucas paradox (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- MED-CORDEX (1)
- MT: Non-coding RNAs (1)
- Marey, Étienne-Jules (1)
- Mastotermes (1)
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) (1)
- Material budget (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Melanostomini (1)
- Membracidae (1)
- Menesia flavotecta (1)
- Menghai (1)
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1)
- Mesoleiini (1)
- Mesosa myops (1)
- Metalype (1)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microglia (1)
- Micropodabrus (1)
- Minimum Bias (1)
- Mistral (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Model intercomparison (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (mAb) (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Morphologie <Linguistik> (1)
- Multi-Parton Interactions (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Multiple parton interactions (1)
- NMR crystallography (1)
- NOS-I (1)
- NOS1AP (1)
- Nanophotonics and plasmonics (1)
- Natural product (1)
- Nelson-Siegel curve (1)
- Net-charge correlations (1)
- Net-charge fluctuations (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Neutrinos (1)
- Neutron (1)
- New magicity (1)
- Non-coding RNA (1)
- Nonflow (1)
- North Korea (1)
- Nuclear interactions (1)
- Nuclear modification factor (1)
- Nucleolar protein 14 (1)
- Oriental biogeographic region (1)
- Outcome (1)
- PRG-1 (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Pairing reentrance (1)
- Palaeontology (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Particle phenomena (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Phagocytosis (1)
- Pholcinae (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Pingshuo mining district (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Potential (1)
- Precipitation extremes (1)
- Production Cross Section (1)
- Programming (1)
- Properties of Hadrons (1)
- Prophylaxis (1)
- Protein synthesis (1)
- Proton (1)
- Proton number fluctuations (1)
- Proton-proton collisions (1)
- Protonen (1)
- Proton–proton collisions (1)
- Präposition (1)
- Psychomyia (1)
- Psychomyiinae (1)
- Puls (1)
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1)
- Quantum chromodynamics (1)
- Quantum field theory (1)
- Quark Deconfinement (1)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (1)
- Quark Production (1)
- Quark gluon plasma (1)
- Quark-gluon plasma (1)
- R value (1)
- RHIC energies (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- Radiative decay (1)
- Ramucirumab (1)
- Raphidophora (1)
- Rapidity Range (1)
- Rare decays (1)
- Re-exposure (1)
- Regional climate (1)
- Regional climate models (1)
- Regulatory networks (1)
- Relativistic heavy ion physics (1)
- Relativistic kinetic theory (1)
- Remote ischemic conditioning (1)
- Research article (1)
- Resolution Parameter (1)
- Rhaphidophorinae (1)
- Rho/Rho-kinase (1)
- SAMHD1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- STAR (1)
- STED superresolution (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Safety (1)
- Semantik (1)
- Semi-leptonic decays (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Sex (1)
- Single electrons (1)
- Single muons (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- SoftDrop (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Soziale Lage (1)
- Soziale Situation (1)
- Sphygmograf (1)
- Spin alignment (1)
- Spin distribution and correlation (1)
- Spirocheten (1)
- Spirochetes (1)
- Splitting function (1)
- Sub-wavelength optics (1)
- Subcutaneous (1)
- Supernova remnant (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Syntax (1)
- Syrphinae (1)
- Systematic Uncertainty (1)
- TR (1)
- Taiwan (1)
- Techniques Electromagnetic calorimeters (1)
- Term Structure (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Termites (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Tibet (1)
- Tibetisoperla elongata sp. nov. (1)
- Tibetisoperla sclerotica sp. nov. (1)
- Time Projection Chamber (1)
- Tipulinae (1)
- Topik (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Trados (1)
- Tramontane (1)
- Transduction (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Transport model (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Transversity (1)
- Traumatic brain injury (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trigger (1)
- Triple quarkonia (1)
- Two-dimensional materials (1)
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (1)
- Vector Boson Production (1)
- Venture Capital (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vestiplex (1)
- Vioprolide A (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Volmer–Weber growth (1)
- Vorticity (1)
- Weimar Constitution (1)
- World Yield (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- Xoridinae (1)
- Y (4260) (1)
- Y states (1)
- Zustandsgleichung (1)
- abdominal aortic aneurysm (1)
- adalimumab (1)
- airway (1)
- ambiguity premium (1)
- approximate number system (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- asset pricing (1)
- astaxanthin (1)
- b-carotene ketolase (1)
- background risk (1)
- bamboo feeds (1)
- barnacle (1)
- belief effect (1)
- belief estimation (1)
- belief updates (1)
- berotralstat (1)
- bid-ask spread (1)
- bilateral tDCS (1)
- bioactive phospholipids (1)
- bond returns (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calibrated phylogeny (1)
- capital-labor ratio (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- cash-in-advance (1)
- caspase (1)
- cave-inhabiting (1)
- center-of-mass energy (1)
- centrosome (1)
- centrosome linker (1)
- charmonium-like states (1)
- checkpoint proteins (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- childcare (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- circular RNA (1)
- classification (1)
- clinical trial (1)
- coal (1)
- coalescent (1)
- collision (1)
- comparative history of constitutional law (1)
- cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (1)
- cone-beam computer tomography (1)
- cortical network (1)
- counting (1)
- crane flies (1)
- cross-national comparison (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- dNTP pools (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep-sea sponge (1)
- denervation (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- description (1)
- detector (1)
- deuteron (1)
- diabetic nephropathy (1)
- diagnosis and treatment (1)
- dimuon (1)
- diphoton (1)
- disaster risk (1)
- discorhabdin (1)
- distribution (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- e+e − annihilation (1)
- e+e⁻ − Experiments (1)
- e+e− Experiments (1)
- e+e− annihilation (1)
- ectosomes (1)
- efficacy (1)
- electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (EMN, ENB) (1)
- electron-positron collision (1)
- enrichment factor (1)
- executive processes (1)
- exosomes (1)
- experimental results (1)
- extracellular vesicles (1)
- fNIRS (1)
- factor model (1)
- felsic detrital (1)
- femtoscopy data (1)
- fertility (1)
- financial market (1)
- fluid intelligence (1)
- fluid reasoning (1)
- fundamental national policy (1)
- glacial refugia (1)
- glioma (1)
- global fire modelling (1)
- goblin spider (1)
- guidelines (1)
- hadron spectroscopy (1)
- hadronic events (1)
- harmful elements (1)
- head-to-head (1)
- heavy ion experiments (1)
- helicity amplitude analysis (1)
- heptageniid mayfly (1)
- herbarium specimens (1)
- high energie (1)
- high-fat-diet (1)
- hohe Energie (1)
- host (1)
- human biology and medicine (1)
- hydrothermal fluids (1)
- hydroxysafflor yellow A (1)
- hyperons (1)
- inclusive J/ψ decays (1)
- inflation (1)
- insect (1)
- integrative (1)
- internalin B (1)
- ixekizumab (1)
- jumping spider (1)
- kagome lattices (1)
- kallikrein inhibitor (1)
- key to species (1)
- labor supply (1)
- laboratory experiment (1)
- larva (1)
- layer-by-layer (LbL) (1)
- learning strategy (1)
- lectotype (1)
- leptin receptor-deficient mouse (1)
- leukopenia (1)
- lithium (1)
- liver (1)
- long-term prophylaxis (1)
- luminosity (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lungs (1)
- lymphangioleiomyomatosis (1)
- machine learning (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- market price (1)
- market-based (1)
- matching (1)
- measure of ambiguity (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metal–organic frameworks (1)
- microfoundations (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microvesicles (1)
- minimal information requirements (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular networking (1)
- money (1)
- morphological variation (1)
- mouse (1)
- multi-center magnons (1)
- multiplex immunofluorescence (1)
- multiplexing (1)
- myogenic tone (1)
- myogenic vasoconstriction (1)
- nNOS (1)
- neuronal synapse (1)
- neutron and proton chemical potential (1)
- neutron stars; (1)
- neutropenia (1)
- new records (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- non-Bayesian updates (1)
- number of J/ψ events (1)
- numerical analyses (1)
- occurrence state (1)
- oncolytic virotherapy (1)
- one-child policy (1)
- oral kallikrein inhibitor (1)
- oriental region (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- p+p collisions (1)
- peat environment (1)
- peripheral mountains (1)
- pessimism (1)
- pholcid (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- portable electronic nose (1)
- prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (1)
- prepotent response inhibition (1)
- preschool (1)
- price-dividend ratio (1)
- pseudoscorpion (1)
- psoriatic arthritis (1)
- public policy (1)
- pulmonary hypertension (1)
- quark gluon plasma (1)
- radiation (1)
- receptor cross-interaction (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase activation (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- reconfirmed combination (1)
- reduced kidney function (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- resonances (1)
- revision (1)
- rigor (1)
- robbing (1)
- rootletin (1)
- safety (1)
- schwere Ion-Kollisionen (1)
- seawater influence (1)
- second-line treatment / 2L treatment (1)
- semi-thin brain tissue sections (1)
- sentence-final particles (1)
- sepsis (1)
- sequential decision-making (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- single-molecule FRET (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- slug-eating snakes (1)
- smooth muscle cells (1)
- social rights (1)
- soil-dwelling (1)
- solid-state NMR spectroscopy (1)
- solitary pulmonary nodule (1)
- soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (1)
- space-momentum correlation (1)
- speech acts (1)
- standardization (1)
- stent (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- subitizing (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface-mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) (1)
- symmetry potential (1)
- synapse (1)
- synomyny (1)
- synonymy (1)
- terahertz magnetometry (1)
- terahertz photons (1)
- term structure (1)
- terrestrial carbon cycle (1)
- terrigenous (1)
- tetraquark (1)
- three-stage Markov task (1)
- tissue imaging (1)
- trace elements (1)
- tracheobronchomalacia (1)
- trading activity (1)
- transbronchial biopsy (TBB) (1)
- treehopper (1)
- trigger efficiency (1)
- tumor necrosis factor converting enzyme (1)
- unknown biodiversity (1)
- update semantics (1)
- vanishing glaciers (1)
- vascular smooth muscle (1)
- vegetation modelling (1)
- vignette survey method (1)
- volatility (1)
- water mite (1)
- wildfires (1)
- wine (1)
- working memory (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- world checklist (1)
- yield curve (1)
- Λ+c baryon (1)
- Σ hyperon (1)
- √sN N = 2.76 TeV (1)
Institute
- Physik (1311)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (998)
- Informatik (912)
- Medizin (48)
- Geowissenschaften (16)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (12)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (11)
- Biowissenschaften (9)
- Biochemie und Chemie (8)
- Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe (SAFE) (7)
We present a thought-provoking study of two monetary models: the cash-in-advance and the Lagos and Wright (2005) models. We report that the different approach to modeling money — reduced-form vs. explicit role — neither induces theoretical nor quantitative differences in results. Given conformity of preferences, technologies and shocks, both models reduce to one difference equation. The equations do not coincide only if price distortions are differentially imposed across models. To illustrate, when cash prices are equally distorted in both models equally large welfare costs of inflation are obtained in each model. Our insight is that if results differ, then this is due to differential assumptions about the pricing mechanism that governs cash transactions, not the explicit microfoundation of money.
Biotic interchange after the connection of previously independently evolving floras and faunas is thought to be one of the key factors that shaped global biodiversity as we see it today. However, it was not known how biotic interchange develops over longer time periods of several million years following the secondary contact of different biotas. Here we present a novel method to investigate the temporal dynamics of biotic interchange based on a phylogeographical meta-analysis by calculating the maximal number of observed dispersal events per million years given the temporal uncertainty of the underlying time-calibrated phylogenies. We show that biotic influx from mainland Asia onto the Indian subcontinent after Eocene continental collision was not a uniform process, but was subject to periods of acceleration, stagnancy and decrease. We discuss potential palaeoenvironmental causes for this fluctuation.
Background: The production of bioethanol from lignocellulose hydrolysates requires a robust, D-xylose-fermenting and inhibitor-tolerant microorganism as catalyst. The purpose of the present work was to develop such a strain from a prime industrial yeast strain, Ethanol Red, used for bioethanol production.
Results: An expression cassette containing 13 genes including Clostridium phytofermentans XylA, encoding D-xylose isomerase (XI), and enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway was inserted in two copies in the genome of Ethanol Red. Subsequent EMS mutagenesis, genome shuffling and selection in D-xylose-enriched lignocellulose hydrolysate, followed by multiple rounds of evolutionary engineering in complex medium with D-xylose, gradually established efficient D-xylose fermentation. The best-performing strain, GS1.11-26, showed a maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate of 1.1 g/g DW/h in synthetic medium, with complete attenuation of 35 g/L D-xylose in about 17 h. In separate hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates of Arundo donax (giant reed), spruce and a wheat straw/hay mixture, the maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate was 0.36, 0.23 and 1.1 g/g DW inoculum/h, and the final ethanol titer was 4.2, 3.9 and 5.8% (v/v), respectively. In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo hydrolysate, GS1.11-26 produced 32% more ethanol than the parent strain Ethanol Red, due to efficient D-xylose utilization. The high D-xylose fermentation capacity was stable after extended growth in glucose. Cell extracts of strain GS1.11-26 displayed 17-fold higher XI activity compared to the parent strain, but overexpression of XI alone was not enough to establish D-xylose fermentation. The high D-xylose consumption rate was due to synergistic interaction between the high XI activity and one or more mutations in the genome. The GS1.11-26 had a partial respiratory defect causing a reduced aerobic growth rate.
Conclusions: An industrial yeast strain for bioethanol production with lignocellulose hydrolysates has been developed in the genetic background of a strain widely used for commercial bioethanol production. The strain uses glucose and D-xylose with high consumption rates and partial cofermentation in various lignocellulose hydrolysates with very high ethanol yield. The GS1.11-26 strain shows highly promising potential for further development of an all-round robust yeast strain for efficient fermentation of various lignocellulose hydrolysates.
A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity |η|<0.5. The transverse momentum pT of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low pT fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high pT leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.
Aspektsysteme
(1991)
„Die folgenden Papiere sind im Umfeld eines Hauptseminars "Aspekt und Tempus" entstanden, das im Wintersemester 1989/90 am Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität zu Köln stattfand. In den folgenden Beiträgen werden nicht alle Aspekte des Aspekts gedeckt; im Vordergrund steht hauptsächlich die Frage der Interaktion von lexikalischer Semantik und Aspektmorphologie, so daß sich die Beschreibung der Aspektmorphologie auf aspektrelevante Fälle beschränkt und Nebenfunktionen (z.B. temporale), Konventionalisierungen, Neutralisierungen usw. weitgehend vernachlässigt werden. Kritik und Anregungen sind höchst willkommen.“ ---
Inhalt:
Aspekttheorie (Hans-Jürgen Sasse); Albanisch (Christina Leluda); Spanisch (Olga Chapado Chorro & Luisa Garcia Garcia); Japanisch (Antje Seidel & Helga Weyerts); Maa (Christa König); Modemes Chinesisch (Chor-Shing Li); Samoanisch (Mario Longino)
The development of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has widened our understanding of biomolecular structure and function in biological materials. Imaging multiple targets within a single area would elucidate their spatial localization relative to the cell matrix and neighboring biomolecules, revealing multi-protein macromolecular structures and their functional co-dependencies. SRM methods are, however, limited to the number of suitable fluorophores that can be imaged during a single acquisition as well as the loss of antigens during antibody washing and restaining for organic dye multiplexing. We report the visualization of multiple protein targets within the pre- and postsynapse in 350–400 nm thick neuronal tissue sections using DNA-assisted single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). In a single labeling step, antibodies conjugated with short DNA oligonucleotides visualized multiple targets by sequential exchange of fluorophore-labeled complementary oligonucleotides present in the imaging buffer. This approach avoids potential effects on structural integrity when using multiple rounds of immunolabeling and eliminates chromatic aberration, because all targets are imaged using a single excitation laser wavelength. This method proved robust for multi-target imaging in semi-thin tissue sections with a lateral resolution better than 25 nm, paving the way toward structural cell biology with single-molecule SRM.
Developmental differences in the structure of executive function in middle childhood and adolescence
(2013)
Although it has been argued that the structure of executive function (EF) may change developmentally, there is little empirical research to examine this view in middle childhood and adolescence. The main objective of this study was to examine developmental changes in the component structure of EF in a large sample (N = 457) of 7–15 year olds. Participants completed batteries of tasks that measured three components of EF: updating working memory (UWM), inhibition, and shifting. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test five alternative models in 7–9 year olds, 10–12 year olds, and 13–15 year olds. The results of CFA showed that a single-factor EF model best explained EF performance in 7–9-year-old and 10–12-year-old groups, namely unitary EF, though this single factor explained different amounts of variance at these two ages. In contrast, a three-factor model that included UWM, inhibition, and shifting best accounted for the data from 13–15 year olds, namely diverse EF. In sum, during middle childhood, putative measures of UWM, inhibition, and shifting may rely on similar underlying cognitive processes. Importantly, our findings suggest that developmental dissociations in these three EF components do not emerge until children transition into adolescence. These findings provided empirical evidence for the development of EF structure which progressed from unity to diversity during middle childhood and adolescence.
Unusual Deep Water sponge assemblage in South China - witness of the end-Ordovician mass extinction
(2015)
There are few sponges known from the end-Ordovician to early-Silurian strata all over the world, and no records of sponge fossils have been found yet in China during this interval. Here we report a unique sponge assemblage spanning the interval of the end-Ordovician mass extinction from the Kaochiapien Formation (Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian) in South China. This assemblage contains a variety of well-preserved siliceous sponges, including both Burgess Shale-type and modern type taxa. It is clear that this assemblage developed in deep water, low energy ecosystem with less competitors and more vacant niches. Its explosion may be related to the euxinic and anoxic condition as well as the noticeable transgression during the end-Ordovician mass extinction. The excellent preservation of this assemblage is probably due to the rapid burial by mud turbidites. This unusual sponge assemblage provides a link between the Burgess Shale-type deep water sponges and the modern forms. It gives an excellent insight into the deep sea palaeoecology and the macroevolution of Phanerozoic sponges, and opens a new window to investigate the marine ecosystem before and after the end-Ordovician mass extinction. It also offers potential to search for exceptional fossil biota across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary interval in China.
Thirty-seven species of hepatics and 66 species of mosses are reported from Heishiding Nature Reserve, including eight taxa new to China and one species new to mainland China. The new taxa for China are Ectropothecium aneitense Broth., Gammiella tonkinensis (Broth. & Par.) Tan, G. touwii Tan, Hypnum fauriei Card., Papillidiopsis complanata (Dix.) Buck & Tan, Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. papillosum (C.Müll.) Reese, Trichosteleum pseudo-mammosum Fleisch., and Trichostomum crispulum Bruch; and the species new to mainland China is Isocladiella surcularis (Dix.) Tan & Mohamed. The phytogeography of the area and the bryophytes are discussed.
Three species of Webera and Pohlia described from China were reduced to new synonyms of other species of Pohlia. Webera ciliifera Broth. is a synonym of Pohlia elongata Hedw., W. pygmaea Broth. is a synonym of P. minor Schleich. ex Schwaegr. and P. subflexuosa Broth. is a synonym of P. flexuosa Hook.
Here we present a formal description of Biremis panamae Barka, Witkowski et Weisenborn sp. nov., which was isolated from the marine littoral environment of the Pacific Ocean coast of Panama. The description is based on morphology (light and electron microscopy) and the rbcL, psbC and SSU sequences of one clone of this species. The new species is included in Biremis due to its morphological features; i.e. two marginal rows of foramina, chambered striae, and girdle composed of numerous punctate copulae. The new species also possesses a striated valve face which is not seen in most known representatives of marine littoral Biremis species. In this study we also present the relationship of Biremis to other taxa using morphology, DNA sequence data and observations of auxosporulation. Our results based on these three sources point to an evolutionary relationship between Biremis, Neidium and Scoliopleura. The unusual silicified incunabular caps present in them are known otherwise only in Muelleria, which is probably related to the Neidiaceae and Scoliotropidaceae. We also discuss the relationship between Biremis and the recently described Labellicula and Olifantiella.
Exhaustive, automatic testing of dataflow (esp. mapreduce) programs has emerged as an important challenge. Past work demonstrated effective ways to generate small example data sets that exercise operators in the Pig platform, used to generate Hadoop map-reduce programs. Although such prior techniques attempt to cover all cases of operator use, in practice they often fail. Our SEDGE system addresses these completeness problems: for every dataflow operator, we produce data aiming to cover all cases that arise in the dataflow program (e.g., both passing and failing a filter). SEDGE relies on transforming the program into symbolic constraints, and solving the constraints using a symbolic reasoning engine (a powerful SMT solver), while using input data as concrete aids in the solution process. The approach resembles dynamic-symbolic (a.k.a. "concolic") execution in a conventional programming language, adapted to the unique features of the dataflow domain.
In third-party benchmarks, SEDGE achieves higher coverage than past techniques for 5 out of 20 PigMix benchmarks and 7 out of 11 SDSS benchmarks and (with equal coverage for the rest of the benchmarks). We also show that our targeting of the high-level dataflow language pays off: for complex programs, state-of-the-art dynamic-symbolic execution at the level of the generated map-reduce code (instead of the original dataflow program) requires many more test cases or achieves much lower coverage than our approach.
The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method is a well‐established method for the growth of surface‐attached metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs). Various experimental parameters, such as surface functionalization or temperature, have been identified as essential in the past. In this study, inspired by these recent insights regarding the LbL SURMOF growth mechanism, the impact of reactant solutions concentration on LbL growth of the Cu2(F4bdc)2(dabco) SURMOF (F4bdc2−=tetrafluorobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate and dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane) in situ by using quartz‐crystal microbalance and ex situ with a combination of spectroscopic, diffraction and microscopy techniques was investigated. It was found that number, size, and morphology of MOF crystallites are strongly influenced by the reagent concentration. By adjusting the interplay of nucleation and growth, we were able to produce densely packed, yet thin films, which are highly desired for a variety of SURMOF applications.
Decisions under ambiguity depend on both the belief regarding possible scenarios and the attitude towards ambiguity. This paper exclusively investigates the belief formation and belief updating process under ambiguity, using laboratory experiments. The results show that half of the subjects tend to adopt a simple heuristic strategy when updating beliefs, while the other half seems to partially adopt the Bayesian updates. We recover beliefs, represented by distributions of the priors/posteriors. The recoverable initial priors mostly follow a uniform distribution. We also find that subjects on average demonstrate slight pessimism in an ambiguous environment.
This article reports an investigation of how inhibition contributes to fluid reasoning when it is decomposed into the reasoning ability, item-position, and speed components to control for possible method effects. Working memory was also taken into consideration. A sample of 223 university students completed a fluid reasoning scale, two tasks tapping prepotent response inhibition, and two working memory tasks. Fixed-links modeling was used to separate the effect of reasoning ability from the effects of item-position and speed. The goodness-of-fit results confirmed the necessity to consider the reasoning ability, item-position, and speed components simultaneously. Prepotent response inhibition was only associated with reasoning ability. This association disappeared when working memory served as a mediator. Taken together, these results reflect the inhomogeneity of what is tapped by the fluid reasoning scale on one hand and, on the other, suggest inhibition as an important component of working memory.
The complexity of human languages has always inspired research for some human faculty that makes language learning possible. The system that generates the complexity of human languages, ideally, is simple and effective. Recent developments of the generative grammatical theory explore deeper into the issue of simplicity or economy. The Minimalist Program developed in Chomsky (1991, 1993, 1995) tries to provide contents to such notions. What does it mean to be more economic or least effort? An important instantiation of such notions is the proposal that movement is the last resort assuming that movement is more costly than non-movement. Processes occur only because they are necessary. The definition of necessity generally is cast in morphological terms. Moreover, the notion of "economy" or "least effort" is deterministic of the appropriate derivations for sentences: a shorter derivation is better than a longer one. In this work, we show that the notion of "least effort," - do minimally if possible - is manifested not only in derivations but also in other aspects of the grammar. We take Chinese as an example and show that this language exhibits the properties manifesting some "least effort" guidelines in the area of movement and reconstruction, and in the projection of syntactic positions: when there is a choice, non-application of moyement/reconstruction and non-projection of a position are adopted. These phenomena essentially are attested in topic structures. The question arises as to why topic structures exhibit such minimal effort effects. We suggest that this is due to the fact that topic structures can be derived by movement or base-generation. When there are morpho-syntactic clues that reconstruction is necessary, the structure is a movement structure. Otherwise, the less costly non-movement structure is assumed. Moreover, because of the possibility of assuming a topic NP to be base-generated, bearing a predication (or aboutness) relation with the comment clause, the argument position which otherwise would be related to the topic (conveniently termed the trace position) is not projected when there is a choice of projecting or not projecting it.
Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Frauen in dem modernen Industrieort Hamborn im Rheinland
(1913)
Mistral and tramontane wind speed and wind direction patterns in regional climate simulations
(2016)
The Mistral and Tramontane are important wind phenomena that occur over southern France and the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Both winds travel through constricting valleys before flowing out towards the Mediterranean Sea. The Mistral and Tramontane are thus interesting phenomena, and represent an opportunity to study channeling effects, as well as the interactions between the atmosphere and land/ocean surfaces. This study investigates Mistral and Tramontane simulations using five regional climate models with grid spacing of about 50 km and smaller. All simulations are driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Spatial patterns of surface wind, as well as wind development and error propagation along the wind tracks from inland France to offshore during Mistral and Tramontane events, are presented and discussed. To disentangle the results from large-scale error sources in Mistral and Tramontane simulations, only days with well simulated large-scale sea level pressure field patterns are evaluated. Comparisons with the observations show that the large-scale pressure patterns are well simulated by the considered models, but the orographic modifications to the wind systems are not well simulated by the coarse-grid simulations (with a grid spacing of about 50 km), and are reproduced slightly better by the higher resolution simulations. On days with Mistral and/or Tramontane events, most simulations underestimate (by 13 % on average) the wind speed over the Mediterranean Sea. This effect is strongest at the lateral borders of the main flow—the flow width is underestimated. All simulations of this study show a clockwise wind direction bias over the sea during Mistral and Tramontane events. Simulations with smaller grid spacing show smaller biases than their coarse-grid counterparts.
Quasi-Monte-Carlo-Verfahren zur Bewertung von Finanzderivaten, BacDas Gebiet der Optionsbewertung ist durch die Entwicklungen zu neuen und immer komplexer werdenden Optionstypen und durch Verbesserungen im Bereich der Aktienkurs-Modelle geprägt. Diese Entwicklung und die gestiegene Leistungsfähigkeit der Parallelrechner haben das Interesse an den flexiblen Quasi-Monte-Carlo-Verfahren neu geweckt.
Die experimentellen Untersuchungen bestätigen die Überlegenheit des Quasi-Monte-Carlo-Verfahren gegenüber den klassische Monte-Carlo-Verfahren in Bezug auf niedrigdimensionale Optionstypen. Dieser Überlegenheit nimmt aber mit zunehmender Dimension ab, was eine Nachteil für das Quasi-Monte-Carlo Verfahren darstellt. Zur Verbesserung des Verfahrens gibt das Dimensions-Reduktions-Prinzip (effective dimension) und weitere Niederdiskrepanz-Folgen, wie Niederreiter-Folgen, Lattice-Regeln, usw. Weitere Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten könnten auch durch Wahl von anderen Diskretisierungsverfahren mit höherer starker Ordnung, wie z.B dem Milstein-Verfahren, erreicht werden. Mit dem Quasi-Monte-Carlo-Verfahren lässen sich auch komplizierte Optionen bewerten,
wie z.B. Bermuda-Optionen, Barrier-Optionen, Cap-Optionen, Shout-Optionen, Lokkback-Optionen, Multi-Asset-Optionen, Outperformance-Optionen, und auch mit weiteren Bewertungs-Modellen kombinieren, wie z.B. dem Black-Scholes-Modell mit variabler Verzinsung, Black-Scholes-Modell mit zeitabhängiger Volatilität, Heston-Modell für stochastische Volatilität, Merton-Sprung-Diffusion-Modell und dem Libor-Markt Modell für Zinsderivate, auf die ich in dieser Bachelorarbeit nicht mehr eingehen werde, mit denen ich mich jedoch in der Masterarbeit genauer beschäftigen werde.
AIM: To evaluate and compare the effect of combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and arterial administration of Bletilla striata (a Chinese traditional medicine against liver tumor) versus TACE alone for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in ACI rats.
METHODS: Subcapsular implantation of a solid Morris hepatoma 3 924A (2 mm3) in the liver was carried out in 30 male ACI rats. Tumor volume (V1) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 13 after implantation. The following different agents of interventional treatment were injected after retrograde catheterization via gastroduodenal artery (on day 14), namely, (A) TACE (0.1 mg mitomycin + 0.1 ml Lipiodol) + Bletilla striata (1.0 mg) (n=10); (B) TACE + Bletilla striata (1.0 mg) + ligation of hepatic artery (n=10), (C) TACE alone (control group, n=10). Tumor volume (V2) was assessed by MRI (on day 13 after treatment) and the tumor growth ratio (V2/V1) was calculated.
RESULTS: The mean tumor volume before (V1) and after (V2) treatment was 0.0355 cm3 and 0.2248 cm3 in group A, 0.0374 cm3 and 0.0573 cm3 in group B, 0.0380 cm3 and 0.3674 cm3 in group C, respectively. The mean ratio (V2/V1) was 6.2791 in group A, 1.5324 in group B and 9.1382 in group C. Compared with the control group (group C), group B showed significant inhibition of tumor growth (P<0.01), while group A did not (P>0.05). None of the animals died during implantation or in the postoperative period.
CONCLUSION: Combination of TACE and arterial administration of Bletilla striata plus ligation of hepatic artery is more effective than TACE alone in the treatment of HCC in rats.
A new species of verrucid barnacle, Gibbosaverruca weijiai sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from a deep-sea seamount, Weijia Guyot, in the West Pacific. This is the third barnacle species reported from Weijia Guyot. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by its extremely long caudal appendage. In terms of shell morphology, G. weijiai sp. nov. is most similar to G. gibbosa and G. sulcata but differs from them by the intermediate articular ridges of its movable tergum and scutum, which are distinctly wider than the axial ridges. The COI and 16S rRNA sequences of the holotype of G. weijiai sp. nov. are presented to support future research, and a key to extant species of the genus Gibbosaverruca Young, 2002 is provided.
Questioning speech acts
(2018)
The function of mapping from the semantic content of an utterance to its convention of use (a division of labor first made by Frege (1956)) has been attributed to abstract speech act operators (also known as force operators), such as ASSERT, QUESTION, and COMMAND. These operators have been traditionally assumed to occupy the highest echelons of the clausal periphery. The precise formulation of these operators has attracted a lot of attention from semanticists, as they are crucial for formalizing the diverse discourse functions of speech acts (Farkas and Bruce, 2009; Farkas and Roelofsen, 2017; Malamud and Stepheson, 2015; Krifka, 2015). These high operators usually come packaged with two assumptions: i) they are not embeddable under other elements, and ii) they belong to the realm of pure pragmatics and not compositional semantics. Recent research in both semantics and syntax have challenged these assumptions (Krifka, 2015; Davis, 2011; Wiltschko, 2017; Heim et al., 2016). Based on evidence from a language with a rich array of sentence-final particles (SFPs), Cantonese, we argue in this paper that not only are abstract speech operators embeddable, it is also the case that we need compositional mechanisms in these high regions of the clause. We will investigate the SFP stacking phenomenon, and argue that such grammaticalized operations on speech act operators reveal the need for a system that can compose the content of an utterance with multiple particles that update the discourse in a number of different, non-trivial ways.
We use a set of hadronic equations of state derived from covariant density functional theory to study the impact of their high-density behavior on the properties of rapidly rotating Δ-resonance-admixed hyperonic compact stars. In particular, we explore systematically the effects of variations of the bulk energy isoscalar skewness, Qsat, and the symmetry energy slope, Lsym, on the masses of rapidly rotating compact stars. With models for equation of state satisfying all the modern astrophysical constraints, excessively large gravitational masses of around 2.5M⊙ are only obtained under three conditions: (a) strongly attractive Δ-resonance potential in nuclear matter, (b) maximally fast (Keplerian) rotation, and (c) parameter ranges Qsat≳500 MeV and Lsym≲50 MeV. These values of Qsat and Lsym have a rather small overlap with a large sample (total of about 260) parametrizations of covariant nucleonic density functionals. The extreme nature of requirements (a)-(c) reinforces the theoretical expectation that the secondary object involved in the GW190814 event is likely to be a low-mass black hole rather than a supramassive neutron star.
We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25<pperp<0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density.
Immunotherapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 therapy offers an innovative, targeted, less-toxic approach for treating brain tumors. However, a major obstacle in maximizing oncolytic virotherapy is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that unfold in CNS tumors/associated microenvironments after infusion of virus. We demonstrate that our multiplex biomarker screening platform comprehensively informs changes in both topographical location and functional states of resident/infiltrating immune cells that play a role in neuropathology after treatment with HSV G207 in a pediatric Phase 1 patient. Using this approach, we identified robust infiltration of CD8+ T cells suggesting activation of the immune response following virotherapy; however there was a corresponding upregulation of checkpoint proteins PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and IDO revealing a potential role for checkpoint inhibitors. Such work may ultimately lead to an understanding of the governing pathobiology of tumors, thereby fostering development of novel therapeutics tailored to produce optimal responses.
Eleven species of Ctenopelma Holmgren, 1857 are reported from China. Five species are new to science: C. labiatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, C. lii Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Liaoning province, C. rufofasciatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl, 1898) from Beijing, C. pineatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Acantholyda posticalis (Matsumura, 1912) and Cephalcia lariciphila from Beijing and Henan, Shanxi, Shan’xi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and C. spiraculare Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila from Henan and Shanxi provinces. One species, C. nigrum Holmgren, 1857, reared from Cephalcia lariciphila in Beijing, is a new record for China. Ctenopelma tomentosum (Desvignes, 1856) was reared from Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935 (new host record) in Liaoning province. A key to species of Ctenopelma known in China is provided.
One individual referable to Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893 was collected from a chemically reduced habitat, the hydrothermal vent systems in Okinawa Trough, and was identified as a new genus and species belonging to this family after a morphological examination. A formal description of this new species and a discussion of the relationship of the new genus within Calliopiidae are presented.
Launching and manipulation of polaritons in van der Waals materials offers novel opportunities for field-enhanced molecular spectroscopy and photodetection, among other applications. Particularly, the highly confined hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in h-BN slabs attract growing interest for their capability of guiding light at the nanoscale. An efficient coupling between free space photons and HPhPs is, however, hampered by their large momentum mismatch. Here, we show —by far-field infrared spectroscopy, infrared nanoimaging and numerical simulations— that resonant metallic antennas can efficiently launch HPhPs in thin h-BN slabs. Despite the strong hybridization of HPhPs in the h-BN slab and Fabry-Pérot plasmonic resonances in the metal antenna, the efficiency of launching propagating HPhPs in h-BN by resonant antennas exceeds significantly that of the non-resonant ones. Our results provide fundamental insights into the launching of HPhPs in thin polar slabs by resonant plasmonic antennas, which will be crucial for phonon-polariton based nanophotonic devices.
Background: During early stages of brain development, secreted molecules, components of intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators act in positive and negative feed-back or feed-forward loops at the mid-hindbrain boundary. These genetic interactions are of central importance for the specification and subsequent development of the adjacent mid- and hindbrain. Much less, however, is known about the regulatory relationship and functional interaction of molecules that are expressed in the tectal anlage after tectal fate specification has taken place and tectal development has commenced.
Results: Here, we provide experimental evidence for reciprocal regulation and subsequent cooperation of the paired-type transcription factors Pax3, Pax7 and the TALE-homeodomain protein Meis2 in the tectal anlage. Using in ovo electroporation of the mesencephalic vesicle of chick embryos we show that (i) Pax3 and Pax7 mutually regulate each other's expression in the mesencephalic vesicle, (ii) Meis2 acts downstream of Pax3/7 and requires balanced expression levels of both proteins, and (iii) Meis2 physically interacts with Pax3 and Pax7. These results extend our previous observation that Meis2 cooperates with Otx2 in tectal development to include Pax3 and Pax7 as Meis2 interacting proteins in the tectal anlage.
Conclusion: The results described here suggest a model in which interdependent regulatory loops involving Pax3 and Pax7 in the dorsal mesencephalic vesicle modulate Meis2 expression. Physical interaction with Meis2 may then confer tectal specificity to a wide range of otherwise broadly expressed transcriptional regulators, including Otx2, Pax3 and Pax7.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Lesion progression is primarily mediated by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine, which modulates immune cell trafficking and is involved inflammation in (auto)immune and infectious diseases. But the role of IL-17A still remains controversial. In the current study, we investigated effects of IL-17A on advanced murine and human atherosclerosis, the common disease phenotype in clinical care. The 26-wk-old apolipoprotein E–deficient mice were fed a standard chow diet and treated either with IL-17A mAb (n = 15) or irrelevant Ig (n = 10) for 16 wk. Furthermore, essential mechanisms of IL-17A in atherogenesis were studied in vitro. Inhibition of IL-17A markedly prevented atherosclerotic lesion progression (p = 0.001) by reducing inflammatory burden and cellular infiltration (p = 0.01) and improved lesion stability (p = 0.01). In vitro experiments showed that IL-17A plays a role in chemoattractance, monocyte adhesion, and sensitization of APCs toward pathogen-derived TLR4 ligands. Also, IL-17A induced a unique transcriptome pattern in monocyte-derived macrophages distinct from known macrophage types. Stimulation of human carotid plaque tissue ex vivo with IL-17A induced a proinflammatory milieu and upregulation of molecules expressed by the IL-17A–induced macrophage subtype. In this study, we show that functional blockade of IL-17A prevents atherosclerotic lesion progression and induces plaque stabilization in advanced lesions in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. The underlying mechanisms involve reduced inflammation and distinct effects of IL-17A on monocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition, translational experiments underline the relevance for the human system.
Children often perform worse than adults on tasks that require focused attention. While this is commonly regarded as a sign of incomplete cognitive development, a broader attentional focus could also endow children with the ability to find novel solutions to a given task. To test this idea, we investigated children’s ability to discover and use novel aspects of the environment that allowed them to improve their decision-making strategy. Participants were given a simple choice task in which the possibility of strategy improvement was neither mentioned by instructions nor encouraged by explicit error feedback. Among 47 children (8—10 years of age) who were instructed to perform the choice task across two experiments, 27.5% showed a full strategy change. This closely matched the proportion of adults who had the same insight (28.2% of n = 39). The amount of erroneous choices, working memory capacity and inhibitory control, in contrast, indicated substantial disadvantages of children in task execution and cognitive control. A task difficulty manipulation did not affect the results. The stark contrast between age-differences in different aspects of cognitive performance might offer a unique opportunity for educators in fostering learning in children.
Signal transduction via phosphorylated CheY towards the flagellum and the archaellum involves a conserved mechanism of CheY phosphorylation and subsequent conformational changes within CheY. This mechanism is conserved among bacteria and archaea, despite substantial differences in the composition and architecture of archaellum and flagellum, respectively. Phosphorylated CheY has higher affinity towards the bacterial C-ring and its binding leads to conformational changes in the flagellar motor and subsequent rotational switching of the flagellum. In archaea, the adaptor protein CheF resides at the cytoplasmic face of the archaeal C-ring formed by the proteins ArlCDE and interacts with phosphorylated CheY. While the mechanism of CheY binding to the C-ring is well-studied in bacteria, the role of CheF in archaea remains enigmatic and mechanistic insights are absent. Here, we have determined the atomic structures of CheF alone and in complex with activated CheY by X-ray crystallography. CheF forms an elongated dimer with a twisted architecture. We show that CheY binds to the C-terminal tail domain of CheF leading to slight conformational changes within CheF. Our structural, biochemical and genetic analyses reveal the mechanistic basis for CheY binding to CheF and allow us to propose a model for rotational switching of the archaellum.
We derive the collision term in the Boltzmann equation using the equation of motion for the Wigner function of massive spin-1/2 particles. To next-to-lowest order in h, it contains a nonlocal contribution, which is responsible for the conversion of orbital into spin angular momentum. In a proper choice of pseudogauge, the antisymmetric part of the energy-momentum tensor arises solely from this nonlocal contribution. We show that the collision term vanishes in global equilibrium and that the spin potential is, then, equal to the thermal vorticity. In the nonrelativistic limit, the equations of motion for the energy-momentum and spin tensors reduce to the well-known form for hydrodynamics for micropolar fluids.
Alterations in dendritic spine numbers are linked to deficits in learning and memory. While we previously revealed that postsynaptic plasticity-related gene 1 (PRG-1) controls lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling at glutamatergic synapses via presynaptic LPA receptors, we now show that PRG-1 also affects spine density and synaptic plasticity in a cell-autonomous fashion via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)/β1-integrin activation. PRG-1 deficiency reduces spine numbers and β1-integrin activation, alters long-term potentiation (LTP), and impairs spatial memory. The intracellular PRG-1 C terminus interacts in an LPA-dependent fashion with PP2A, thus modulating its phosphatase activity at the postsynaptic density. This results in recruitment of adhesome components src, paxillin, and talin to lipid rafts and ultimately in activation of β1-integrins. Consistent with these findings, activation of PP2A with FTY720 rescues defects in spine density and LTP of PRG-1-deficient animals. These results disclose a mechanism by which bioactive lipid signaling via PRG-1 could affect synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
Little work has been done on large-scale patterns of stream insect richness in China. We explored the influence of climatic and catchment-scale factors on stream insect (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera; EPT) richness across mid-latitude China. We assessed the predictive ability of climatic, catchment land cover and physical structure variables on genus richness of EPT, both individually and combined, in 80 mid-latitude Chinese streams, spanning a 3899-m altitudinal gradient. We performed analyses using boosted regression trees and explored the nature of their influence on richness patterns. The relative importance of climate, land cover, and physical factors on stream insect richness varied considerably between the three orders, and while important for Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, latitude did not improve model fit for any of the groups. EPT richness was linked with areas comprising high forest cover, elevation and slope, large catchments and low temperatures. Ephemeroptera favoured areas with high forest cover, medium-to-large catchment sizes, high temperature seasonality, and low potential evapotranspiration. Plecoptera richness was linked with low temperature seasonality and annual mean, and high slope, elevation and warm-season rainfall. Finally, Trichoptera favoured high elevation areas, with high forest cover, and low mean annual temperature, seasonality and aridity. Our findings highlight the variable role that catchment land cover, physical properties and climatic influences have on stream insect richness. This is one of the first studies of its kind in Chinese streams, thus we set the scene for more in-depth assessments of stream insect richness across broader spatial scales in China, but stress the importance of improving data availability and consistency through time.
A new planthopper genus, Aodingus Chen & Li gen. nov. and three new species (A. hainanensis Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov., A. obscurus Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov. and A. cuongi Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov.) are described from China and Vietnam. The new genus is superficially similar to Procidelphax Bartlett, 2009 in general appearance in that the body is strongly dorsoventrally flattened. Distinctive features of the new taxon include broadly compressed body with vertex broad, apical margin broadly rounded, middle part concave, median and submedian carinae absent, frons broad and large, wider at base than at apex, forewing broad and long, aedeagus tubular, curved ventrally. A diagnosis for all species, illustrations and an identification key of new genus are provided. A key to the Chinese genera of Tropidocephalini is also provided.
Due to an increasing awareness of the potential hazardousness of air pollutants, new laws, rules and guidelines have recently been implemented globally. In this respect, numerous studies have addressed traffic-related exposure to particulate matter using stationary technology so far. By contrast, only few studies used the advanced technology of mobile exposure analysis. The Mobile Air Quality Study (MAQS) addresses the issue of air pollutant exposure by combining advanced high-granularity spatial-temporal analysis with vehicle-mounted, person-mounted and roadside sensors. The MAQS-platform will be used by international collaborators in order 1) to assess air pollutant exposure in relation to road structure, 2) to assess air pollutant exposure in relation to traffic density, 3) to assess air pollutant exposure in relation to weather conditions, 4) to compare exposure within vehicles between front and back seat (children) positions, and 5) to evaluate "traffic zone"- exposure in relation to non-"traffic zone"-exposure. Primarily, the MAQS-platform will focus on particulate matter. With the establishment of advanced mobile analysis tools, it is planed to extend the analysis to other pollutants including including NO2, SO2, nanoparticles, and ozone.
During the drafting process from the 1920s to 1940s, the Weimar Constitution (WRV) played a decisive role in shaping Chinese social(-ist) con- stitutions, especially the part related to the social- economic issue. Through the lens of cultural trans- lation, this paper seeks to explain how the WRV was adapted, reinterpreted, and recontextualized throughout several rounds of constitution making in China. By focusing on the roles played by the translators, legislators, and interpreters, this paper discusses how the social rights created by the WRV were translated into the fundamental policy of the 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China. More- over, regarding »policy« as the legal instrument for regulating the social-economic life, and even broader fields, it triggers the modern transforma- tion of Chinese meritocracy and reinforces the national legal tradition depicted in its modern form. To some extent, this case study on cultural translation of constitutional law discloses the mechanism, both temporarily and spatially, for the intercultural communication of the normative information.
Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are essential for testing novel therapies and molecular manipulations of cell lines in vivo. Current xenografts rely on tumor cell inoculation by intravesical instillation or direct injection into the bladder wall. Instillation is limited by the lack of cell lines that are tumorigenic when delivered in this manner. The invasive model inflicts morbidity on the mice by the need for laparotomy and mobilization of the bladder. Furthermore this procedure is complex and time-consuming. Three bladder cancer cell lines (UM-UC1, UM-UC3, UM-UC13) were inoculated into 50 athymic nude mice by percutaneous injection under ultrasound guidance. PBS was first injected between the muscle wall and the mucosa to separate these layers, and tumor cells were subsequently injected into this space. Bioluminescence and ultrasound were used to monitor tumor growth. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to study changes in tumor perfusion after systemic gemcitabine/cisplatin treatment. To demonstrate proof of principle that therapeutic agents can be injected into established xenografts under ultrasound guidance, oncolytic virus (VSV) was injected into UM-UC3 tumors. Xenograft tissue was harvested for immunohistochemistry after 23–37 days. Percutaneous injection of tumor cells into the bladder wall was performed efficiently (mean time: 5.7 min) and without complications in all 50 animals. Ultrasound and bioluminescence confirmed presence of tumor in the anterior bladder wall in all animals 3 days later. The average tumor volumes increased steadily over the study period. UM-UC13 tumors showed a marked decrease in volume and perfusion after chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for VSV-G demonstrated virus uptake in all UM-UC3 tumors after intratumoral injection. We have developed a novel method for creating orthotopic bladder cancer xenograft in a minimally invasive fashion. In our hands this has replaced the traditional model requiring laparotomy, because this model is more time efficient, more precise and associated with less morbidity for the mice.
In the past 30 years, the end of the Cold War and the breakdown of the modernist frame of politics have promoted the historical turn of international law. A non-Eurocentric narrative of international law is needed not only to help it go beyond the geographical and conceptual self-justification, but also to open itself to other normative orders. This presents an intellectual and normative challenge to legal historians, who increasingly explore the normative dialogue and competition in interstitial areas, such as South and Southeast Asia in their existence between the Islamic, Sinocentric and European orders. It is this issue and this important era of globalisation that Clara Kemme’s book examines roughly over the period from 1500 to 1900, in particular how the key concepts of tribute and treaty were understood through diplomatic ideas and practices in South and SoutheastAsia, how the treaty system as a product of international law became global and why it prevailed over other systems of order (2). ...
The 100th anniversary of the Weimar Constitution’s promulgation has brought a number of new stimuli to a historiography that has for a long time focused largely on the Weimar Republic’s failure. Two prominent recent publications – Udo Di Fabio’s study and a collective volume edited by Horst Dreier und Christian Waldhoff – are reviewed in this issue by the Brazilian constitutional historian Marcelo Neves. His review and the last months’ public debate on the merits and flaws of the Weimar Constitution in Germany, which was framed by current concerns about the state of Western democracies, show to what extent constitutional history is always also a conversation about the present. ...
Traditional chinese medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases
(2015)
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its focus on herbal use became popular worldwide. Treatment was perceived as safe, with neglect of rare adverse reactions including liver injury. To compile worldwide cases of liver injury by herbal TCM, we undertook a selective literature search in the PubMed database and searched for the items Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM, Traditional Asian Medicine, and Traditional Oriental Medicine, also combined with the terms herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury. The search focused primarily on English-language case reports, case series, and clinical reviews. We identified reported hepatotoxicity cases in 77 relevant publications with 57 different herbs and herbal mixtures of TCM, which were further analyzed for causality by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale, positive reexposure test results, or both. Causality was established for 28/57 different herbs or herbal mixtures, Bai Xian Pi, Bo He, Ci Wu Jia, Chuan Lian Zi, Da Huang, Gan Cao, Ge Gen, Ho Shou Wu, Huang Qin, Hwang Geun Cho, Ji Gu Cao, Ji Xue Cao, Jin Bu Huan, Jue Ming Zi, Jiguja, Kudzu, Ling Yang Qing Fei Keli, Lu Cha, Rhen Shen, Ma Huang, Shou Wu Pian, Shan Chi, Shen Min, Syo Saiko To, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Yin Chen Hao, Zexie, and Zhen Chu Cao. In conclusion, this compilation of liver injury cases establishes causality for 28/57 different TCM herbs and herbal mixtures, aiding diagnosis for physicians who care for patients with liver disease possibly related to herbal TCM.
Understanding how to achieve efficient transduction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), while preserving their long-term ability to self-reproduce, is key for applying lentiviral-based gene engineering methods. SAMHD1 is an HIV-1 restriction factor in myeloid and resting CD4+ T cells that interferes with reverse transcription by decreasing the nucleotide pools or by its RNase activity. Here we show that SAMHD1 is expressed at high levels in HSPCs cultured in a medium enriched with cytokines. Thus, we hypothesized that degrading SAMHD1 in HSPCs would result in more efficient lentiviral transduction rates. We used viral like particles (VLPs) containing Vpx, shRNA against SAMHD1, or provided an excess of dNTPs or dNs to study this question. Regardless of the method applied, we saw no increase in the lentiviral transduction rate. The result was different when we used viruses (HR-GFP-Vpx+) which carry Vpx and encode GFP. These viruses allow assessment of the effects of Vpx specifically in the transduced cells. Using HR-GFP-Vpx+ viruses, we observed a modest but significant increase in the transduction efficiency. These data suggest that SAMHD1 has some limited efficacy in blocking reverse transcription but the major barrier for efficient lentiviral transduction occurs before reverse transcription.
Background: Berotralstat (BCX7353) is an oral, once-daily inhibitor of plasma kallikrein in development for the prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks.
Objective: Our aim was to determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of berotralstat in patients with HAE over a 24-week treatment period (the phase 3 APeX-2 trial).
Methods: APeX-2 was a double-blind, parallel-group study that randomized patients at 40 sites in 11 countries 1:1:1 to receive once-daily berotralstat in a dose of 110 mg or 150 mg or placebo (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03485911). Patients aged 12 years or older with HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency and at least 2 investigator-confirmed HAE attacks in the first 56 days of a prospective run-in period were eligible. The primary efficacy end point was the rate of investigator-confirmed HAE attacks during the 24-week treatment period.
Results: A total of 121 patients were randomized; 120 of them received at least 1 dose of the study drug (n = 41, 40, and 39 in the 110-mg dose of berotralstat, 150-mg of dose berotralstat, and placebo groups, respectively). Berotralstat demonstrated a significant reduction in attack rate at both 110 mg (1.65 attacks per month; P = .024) and 150 mg (1.31 attacks per month; P < .001) relative to placebo (2.35 attacks per month). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred more with berotralstat than with placebo were abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and back pain. No drug-related serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred.
Conclusion: Both the 110-mg and 150-mg doses of berotralstat reduced HAE attack rates compared with placebo and were safe and generally well tolerated. The most favorable benefit-to-risk profile was observed at a dose of 150 mg per day.
The present paper deals with two new species, Yaginumaella pulchella sp. nov. and Yaginumaella hubeiensis sp. nov. Distributional data, as well as illustrations of body and copulatory organs, are provided. Descriptions of their morphology are given. The differences between the new species and their related taxa are discussed.
Extending the carotenoid pathway to astaxanthin in plants is of scientific and industrial interest. However, expression of a microbial beta-carotene ketolase (BKT) that catalyses the formation of ketocarotenoids in transgenic plants typically results in low levels of astaxanthin. The low efficiency of BKTs in ketolating zeaxanthin to astaxanthin is proposed to be the major limitation for astaxanthin accumulation in engineered plants. To verify this hypothesis, several algal BKTs were functionally characterized using an Escherichia coli system and three BKTs were identified, with high (up to 85%), moderate (~38%), and low (~1%) conversion rate from zeaxanthin to astaxanthin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrBKT), Chlorella zofingiensis (CzBKT), and Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBKT3), respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the CrBKT developed orange leaves which accumulated astaxanthin up to 2 mg g -1 dry weight with a 1.8-fold increase in total carotenoids. In contrast, the expression of CzBKT resulted in much lower astaxanthin content (0.24 mg g -1 dry weight), whereas HpBKT3 was unable to mediate synthesis of astaxanthin in A. thaliana. The none-native astaxanthin was found mostly in a free form integrated into the light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II in young leaves but in esterified forms in senescent leaves. The alteration of carotenoids did not affect chlorophyll content, plant growth, or development significantly. The astaxanthin-producing plants were more tolerant to high light as shown by reduced lipid peroxidation. This study advances a decisive step towards the utilization of plants for the production of high-value astaxanthin. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, astaxanthin, beta-carotene ketolase, carotenoid, Haematococcus pluvialis
Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate numerous processes in the human genome, but the function of these transcripts in vascular aging is largely unknown. We aim to characterize the expression of lncRNAs in endothelial aging and analyse the function of the highly conserved lncRNA H19.
Methods and results: H19 was downregulated in endothelium of aged mice. In human, atherosclerotic plaques H19 was mainly expressed by endothelial cells and H19 was significantly reduced in comparison to healthy carotid artery biopsies. Loss of H19 led to an upregulation of p16 and p21, reduced proliferation and increased senescence in vitro. Depletion of H19 in aortic rings of young mice inhibited sprouting capacity. We generated endothelial-specific inducible H19 deficient mice (H19iEC-KO), resulting in increased systolic blood pressure compared with control littermates (Ctrl). These H19iEC-KO and Ctrl mice were subjected to hindlimb ischaemia, which showed reduced capillary density in H19iEC-KO mice. Mechanistically, exon array analysis revealed an involvement of H19 in IL-6 signalling. Accordingly, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were upregulated upon H19 depletion. A luciferase reporter screen for differential transcription factor activity revealed STAT3 as being induced upon H19 depletion and repressed after H19 overexpression. Furthermore, depletion of H19 increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 at TYR705 and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activation abolished the effects of H19 silencing on p21 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression as well as proliferation.
Conclusion: These data reveal a pivotal role for the lncRNA H19 in controlling endothelial cell aging.
The effect of nuclear interactions on measurable net-proton number fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at the SIS18/GSI accelerator is investigated. The state of the art UrQMD model including interaction potentials is employed. It is found that the nuclear forces enhance the baryon number cumulants, as predicted from grand canonical thermodynamical models. The effect however is smeared out for proton number fluctuations due to iso-spin randomization and global baryon number conservation, which decreases the cumulant ratios. For a rapidity acceptance window larger than Δy > 0.4 the effects of global baryon number conservation dominate and all cumulant ratios are significantly smaller than 1.
It is proposed to install an experimental setup in the fixed-target hall of the Nuclotron with the final goal to perform a research program focused on the production of strange matter in heavyion collisions at beam energies between 2 and 6 A GeV. The basic setup will comprise a large acceptance dipole magnet with inner tracking detector modules based on double-sided Silicon micro-strip sensors and GEMs. The outer tracking will be based on the drift chambers and straw tube detector. Particle identification will be based on the time-of-flight measurements. This setup will be sufficient perform a comprehensive study of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions, including multi-strange hyperons, multi-strange hypernuclei, and exotic multi-strange heavy objects. These pioneering measurements would provide the first data on the production of these particles in heavy-ion collisions at Nuclotron beam energies, and would open an avenue to explore the third (strangeness) axis of the nuclear chart. The extension of the experimental program is related with the study of in-medium effects for vector mesons decaying in hadronic modes. The studies of the NN and NA reactions for the reference is assumed.