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The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of (anti-)deuterons is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at s√=13 TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (dNch/dη∼26) as measured in p–Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p–Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM).
By analyzing 𝑒+𝑒− annihilation data with an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 collected at the center-of-mass energy √𝑠=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we present the first absolute measurements of the branching fractions of twenty Cabibbo-suppressed hadronic 𝐷0(+) decays involving multiple pions. The highest four branching fractions obtained are ℬ(𝐷0→𝜋+𝜋−𝜋0) = (1.343±0.013stat±0.016syst)%, ℬ(𝐷0→𝜋+𝜋−2𝜋0) = (1.002±0.019stat±0.024syst)%, ℬ(𝐷+→2𝜋+𝜋−𝜋0) = (1.165±0.021stat±0.021syst)%, and ℬ(𝐷+→2𝜋+𝜋−2𝜋0) = (1.074±0.040stat±0.030syst)%. The 𝐶𝑃 asymmetries for the six decays with highest signal yields are also determined and found to be compatible with zero.
The interaction between Λ baryons and kaons/antikaons is a crucial ingredient for the strangeness S=0 and S=−2 sector of the meson–baryon interaction at low energies. In particular, the ΛK‾ might help in understanding the origin of states such as the Ξ(1620), whose nature and properties are still under debate. Experimental data on Λ–K and Λ–K‾ systems are scarce, leading to large uncertainties and tension between the available theoretical predictions constrained by such data. In this Letter we present the measurements of Λ–K⊕+Λ‾–K− and Λ–K⊕−Λ‾–K+ correlations obtained in the high-multiplicity triggered data sample in pp collisions at s=13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The correlation function for both pairs is modeled using the Lednický–Lyuboshits analytical formula and the corresponding scattering parameters are extracted. The Λ–K⊕−Λ‾–K+ correlations show the presence of several structures at relative momenta k⁎ above 200 MeV/c, compatible with the Ω baryon, the Ξ(1690), and Ξ(1820) resonances decaying into Λ–K− pairs. The low k⁎ region in the Λ–K⊕−Λ‾–K+ also exhibits the presence of the Ξ(1620) state, expected to strongly couple to the measured pair. The presented data allow to access the ΛK+ and ΛK− strong interaction with an unprecedented precision and deliver the first experimental observation of the Ξ(1620) decaying into ΛK−.
Relative fractions and phases of the intermediate decays are determined. With the detection efficiency estimated by the results of the amplitude analysis, the branching fraction of Dþ s → K−Kþπþπ0 decay is measured to be ð5.42 0.10stat 0.17systÞ%.
We report an amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of 𝐷+
𝑠→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋+ decay using a data sample of 3.19 fb−1 recorded with BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. We perform a model-independent partial wave analysis in the low 𝐾+𝐾− mass region to determine the 𝐾+𝐾− S-wave line shape, followed by an amplitude analysis of our very pure high-statistics sample. With the detection efficiency based on the amplitude analysis results, the absolute branching fraction is measured to be ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋+)=(5.47±0.08stat±0.13sys)%.
The singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+s → K+π+π−π0 is observed by using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb−1 recorded by the BESIII detector at the centre-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. The first amplitude analysis of D+s → K+π+π−π0 reveals the sub-structures in this decay and determines the fractions and relative phases of different intermediate processes. The dominant intermediate process is D+s → K∗0ρ+, with a fit fraction of (40.5 ± 2.8stat. ± 1.5syst.)%. With the detection efficiency based on our amplitude analysis, the absolute branching fraction forD+s → K+π+π−π0 is measured to be (9.75 ± 0.54stat. ± 0.17syst.) × 10−3.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy 3.773 GeV, we perform the first amplitude analysis of the decay D+ → π+π0π0 and determine the relative magnitudes and phases of different intermediate processes. The absolute branching fraction of D+ → π+π0π0 is measured to be (2.888 ± 0.058stat. ± 0.069syst.)%. The dominant intermediate processes are D+ → a1(1260)+(→ ρ+π0) and D+ → *0ρ+, with branching fractions of (8.66 ± 1.04stat. ± 1.39syst.) × 10−3 and (9.70 ± 0.81stat. ± 0.53syst.) × 10−3, respectively.
Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb−1 recorded by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, an amplitude analysis of the decay D+s → π+π0π0 is performed, and the relative fractions and phases of different intermediate processes are determined. The absolute branching fraction of the decay D+s → π+π0π0 is measured to be (0.50 ± 0.04stat ± 0.02syst)%. Theabsolute branching fraction of the intermediate process D+s → f0(980)π+, f0(980) → π0π0 is determined to be (0.28 ± 0.04stat ± 0.04syst)%.
By using 6.32 fb−1 of data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay D+s ! K0S + 0 and determine the relative fractions and phase differences of different intermediate processes, which include K0S (770)+, K0S (1450)+, K (892)0 +, K (892)+ 0, and K (1410)0 +. With the detection efficiency based on the amplitude analysis results, the absolute branching fraction is measured to be B(D+s ! K0S + 0) = (5.43 ± 0.30stat ± 0.15syst) × 10−3.
Using 6.32 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, an amplitude analysis of the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾0𝑆𝐾−𝜋+𝜋+ decays is performed for the first time to determine the intermediate-resonant contributions. The dominant component is the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾*(892)+¯𝐾*(892)0 decay with a fraction of (40.6±2.9stat±4.9sys)%. Our results of the amplitude analysis are used to obtain a more precise measurement of the branching fraction of the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾0𝑆𝐾−𝜋+𝜋+ decay, which is determined to be (1.46±0.05stat±0.05sys)%.
Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the 𝐷+
𝑠→𝜋+𝜋−𝜋+ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidates with a signal purity of ∼80%. The amplitude and phase of the contributing 𝜋𝜋 𝒮 wave are measured based on a quasi-model-independent approach, along with the amplitudes and phases of the 𝒫 and 𝒟 waves parametrized by Breit-Wigner models. The fit fractions of different intermediate decay channels are also reported.
An amplitude analysis of the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 system produced in radiative 𝐽/𝜓 decays is performed using the (1310.6±7.0)×106 𝐽/𝜓 decays collected by the BESIII detector. Two approaches are presented. A mass-dependent analysis is performed by parametrizing the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 invariant mass spectrum as a sum of Breit-Wigner line shapes. Additionally, a mass-independent analysis is performed to extract a piecewise function that describes the dynamics of the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 system while making minimal assumptions about the properties and number of poles in the amplitude. The dominant amplitudes in the mass-dependent analysis include the 𝑓0(1710), 𝑓0(2200), and 𝑓′2(1525). The mass-independent results, which are made available as input for further studies, are consistent with those of the mass-dependent analysis and are useful for a systematic study of hadronic interactions. The branching fraction of radiative 𝐽/𝜓 decays to 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 is measured to be (8.1±0.4)×10−4, where the uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.
Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2023)
The first measurements of elliptic flow of π±, K±, p+p¯¯¯, K0S, Λ+Λ¯¯¯¯, ϕ, Ξ−+Ξ+, and Ω−+Ω+ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- (v2{2}) and four-particle cumulants (v2{4}) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, pT, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both v2{2} and v2{4} also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark-gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous pT-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low pT and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate pT, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of v2{2} and v2{4}. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide pT range.
The elliptic, v2, triangular, v3, and quadrangular, v4, azimuthal anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles, pions, and (anti-)protons in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the pseudo-rapidity range |η|<0.8 at different collision centralities and as a function of transverse momentum, pT, out to pT=20 GeV/c. The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on transverse momentum for pT>8 GeV/c. The small pT dependence of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow fluctuations up to pT=8 GeV/c. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least pT=8 GeV/c indicating that the particle type dependence persists out to high pT.
Measurements of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of π±, K±, p+p¯¯¯, K0S, and Λ+Λ¯¯¯¯ obtained with the scalar product method in Xe-Xe collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.44 TeV are presented. The results are obtained in the rapidity range |y| < 0.5 and reported as a function of transverse momentum, pT, for several collision centrality classes. The flow coefficients exhibit a particle mass dependence for pT < 3 GeV/c, while a grouping according to particle type (i.e., meson and baryon) is found at intermediate transverse momenta (3 < pT < 8 GeV/c). The magnitude of the baryon v2 is larger than that of mesons up to pT = 6 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of the shape evolution of the pT-differential v2 is studied for the various hadron species. The v2 coefficients of π±, K±, and p+p¯¯¯ are reproduced by MUSIC hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (UrQMD) for pT < 1 GeV/c. A comparison with vn measurements in the corresponding centrality intervals in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV yields an enhanced v2 in central collisions and diminished value in semicentral collisions.
Results on high transverse momentum charged particle emission with respect to the reaction plane are presented for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200 GeV. Two- and four-particle correlations results are presented as well as a comparison of azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions to those in p+p at the same energy. The elliptic anisotropy v2 is found to reach its maximum at pt~3 GeV/c, then decrease slowly and remain significant up to pt ~ 7-10 GeV/c. Stronger suppression is found in the back-to-back high-pt particle correlations for particles emitted out of plane compared to those emitted in plane. The centrality dependence of v2 at intermediate pt is compared to simple models based on jet quenching.
Azimuthal anisotropy (v2) and two-particle angular correlations of high pT charged hadrons have been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV for transverse momenta up to 6 GeV/c, where hard processes are expected to contribute significantly. The two-particle angular correlations exhibit elliptic flow and a structure suggestive of fragmentation of high pT partons. The monotonic rise of v2(pT) for pT<2 GeV/c is consistent with collective hydrodynamical flow calculations. At pT>3 GeV/c, a saturation of v2 is observed which persists up to pT=6 GeV/c.
We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, v1) and the fourth harmonic (v4), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow (v2) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v2 with v1 it is determined that v2 is positive, or in-plane. The integrated v4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v2. For the sixth (v6) and eighth (v8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.
The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v1), elliptic flow (v2), and the fourth harmonic (v4) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution of particles from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200GeV are summarized and compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results for identified particles are presented and fit with a blast-wave model. Different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects are extracted from the data. For v2, scaling with the number of constituent quarks and parton coalescence are discussed. For v4, scaling with v22 and quark coalescence are discussed.
We report STAR results on the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2 for strange particles K0S, Lambda , and Lambda -bar at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The value of v2 as a function of transverse momentum, pt, of the produced particle and collision centrality is presented for both particles up to pt~3.0 GeV/c. A strong pt dependence in v2 is observed up to 2.0 GeV/c. The v2 measurement is compared with hydrodynamic model calculations. The physics implications of the pt integrated v2 magnitude as a function of particle mass are also discussed.