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We study properties of compact stars with the deconfinement phase transition in their interiors. The equation of state of cold baryon-rich matter is constructed by combining a relativistic mean-field model for the hadronic phase and the MIT Bag model for the deconfined phase. In a narrow parameter range two sequences of compact stars (twin stars), which differ by the size of the quark core, have been found. We demonstrate the possibility of a rapid transition between the twin stars with the energy release of about 10 ^52 ergs. This transition should be accompanied by the prompt neutrino burst and the delayed gamma-ray burst.
We investigate the properties of charge neutral equilibrium cold quark matter within the Nambu Jona-Lasinio model. The calculations are carried out for di erent ratios of coupling constants characterizing the vector and scalar 4 fermion interaction, xi = GV /GS. It is shown that for xi < 0.4 matter is self bound and for xi < 0.65 it has a first order phase transition of the liquid gas type. The Gibbs conditions in the mixed phase are applied for the case of two chemical potentials associated with the baryon number and electric charge. The characteristics of the quark stars are calculated for xi = 0, 0.5 and 1. It is found that the phase transition leads to a strong density variation at the surface of these stars. For xi = 1 the properties of quark stars show behaviors typical for neutron stars. At >< 0.4 the stars near to the maximum mass have a large admixture of strange quarks in their interiors. PACS number: 14.65.-q, 26.60.+c, 97.10.-q
Es wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, daß es möglich ist, die der Spin-Eichtheorie zugrundeliegende Lagrangedichte so zu verallgemeinern, daß die aus ihr folgende Higgsfeldgleichung eine gravitationsähnliche Wechselwirkung enthält. Der symmetrische Teil des kanonische Energie-Impulstensors des Higgsfeldes tritt als Quelle der symmetrischen Bewegungsgleichung der angeregten Higgsfelder in Erscheinung. Ein Vergleich der zweiten Ordnung des symmetrischen Teils der Higgsfeldgleichung mit der zweiten Ordnung der Einsteingleichung im materiefreien Fall zeigt, daß beide bis auf einen antisymmetrischen Divergenzterm A m n a a der den Energie Impuls-Erhaltungssatz nicht beeinflußt, übereinstimmen. Geht man wegen der Nichtlokalität des EIST's des Gravitationsfeldes, auf der Seite der klassischen Beschreibung zu einem grobkörnigen EIST über, so stimmt dieser mit dem EIST des Higgsfeldes überein. Sieht man von in kleinen Raumzeitvolumen stark uktuierenden Termen ab, so sind die Differentialgleichungen von Gravitations und Higgsfeldwellen bis zur zweiten Ordnung identisch. Betrachtet man eine Raumzeit mit fermionischer Materie, so stimmt die erste Ordnung der Feldgleichungen ebenfalls überein. Die Higgsfeldgleichung in zweiter Ordnung koppelt halb so stark an die fermionische Materie wie es die klassische Gleichung in zweiter Ordnung tut, was auf zusätzliche Spinanteile der Higgsfelder zurückzuführen ist. Die Arbeit hat damit gezeigt, daß die durch das Higgsfeld vermittelte Kraft die Eigenschaften einer gravitativen Wechselwirkung besitzt. Daraus ergibt sich, daß nun folgende Punkte interessant sind: 1) Die in dieser Arbeit nicht betrachteten antisymmetrischen Anteile der Higgsfeldgleichung sollten auf ihre physikalische Relevanz untersucht werden, um eventuell entstehende Torsions und Nichtmetrizitätsanteile aufzuzeigen. 2) Die durch den Divergenzterm auftretenden Unterschiede der zweiten Ordnung der Spin-Eichtheorie mit der klassischen Theorie sollten genauer untersucht werden, um mögliche meßbare Unterschiede offen zu legen und die Interpretation des A m n a a-terms zu klären 3) Die in der Spin-Eichtheorie mögliche mikroskopische Betrachtungsweise sollte man quantentheoretisch formulieren und alle der Spin-Eichtheorie eigenen Felder quantisieren. 4) Der in dieser Arbeit betrachtete Iso-skalare Fall sollte Iso-vektoriell verallgemeinert werden, um so eine Vereinheitlichung mit den anderen drei Wechselwirkungen zu ermöglichen
Recent progress in the understanding of the high density phase of neutron stars advances the view that a substantial fraction of the matter consists of hyperons. The possible impacts of a highly attractive interaction between hyperons on the properties of compact stars are investigated. We find that a hadronic equation of state with hyperons allows for a first order phase transition to hyperonic matter. The corresponding hyperon stars can have rather small radii of R ~ 8 km. PACS: 26.60+c, 21.65+f, 97.60.Gb, 97.60.Jd
Recent progress in the understanding of the high density phase of neutron stars advances the view that a substantial fraction of the matter consists of hyperons. The possible impacts of a highly attractive interaction between hyperons on the properties of compact stars is investigated. We find that the equation of state exhibits a second stable minimum at large hyperon contents which is in accord with existing hypernuclear data. This second solution gives rise to new effects for neutron star properties which are similar to the ones proposed for the deconfinement transition to strange quark matter and absolutely stable strange stars. We find that the corresponding hyperstars can have rather small radii of R=6-8 km independent of the mass. PACS: 26.60+c, 21.65+f, 97.60.Gb, 97.60.Jd
We investigate various properties of neutron star matter within an e ective chiral SU(3)L × SU(3)R model. The predictions of this model are compared with a Walecka-type model. It is demonstrated that the importance of hy- peron degrees are strongly depending on the interaction used, even if the equation of state near saturation density is nearly the same in both models. While the Walecka-type model predicts a strange star core with strangeness fraction fS 4/3, the chiral model allows only for fS 1/3 and predicts that 0, + and 0 will not exist in star, in contrast to the Walecka-type model. PACS: 26.60+c, 21.65+f, 24.10Jv
Recent progress in the understanding of the high density phase of neutron stars advances the view that a substantial fraction of the matter consists of hyperons. The possible impacts of a highly attractive interaction between hyperons on the properties of compact stars are investigated.We find that a hadronic equation of state with hyperons allows for a first order phase transition to hyperonic matter. The corresponding hyperon stars can have rather small radii of R 8 km.
The effects of internal quark structure of baryons on the composition and structure of neutron star matter with hyperons are investigated in the quark- meson coupling (QMC) model. The QMC model is based on mean-field description of nonoverlapping spherical bags bound by self-consistent exchange of scalar and vector mesons. The predictions of this model are compared with quantum hadrodynamic (QHD) model calibrated to reproduce identical nuclear matter saturation properties. By employing a density dependent bag constant through direct coupling to the scalar field, the QMC model is found to exhibit identical properties as QHD near saturation density. Furthermore, this modified QMC model provides well-behaved and continuous solutions at high densities relevant to the core of neutron stars. Two additional strange mesons are introduced which couple only to the strange quark in the QMC model and to the hyperons in the QHD model. The constitution and structure of stars with hyperons in the QMC and QHD models reveal interesting di erences. This suggests the importance of quark structure e ects in the baryons at high densities. PACS number(s): 26.60.+c, 21.65.+f, 12.39.Ba, 24.85.+p
Kompakte Sterne stellen neben weissen Zwergen und schwarzen Löchern eine der möglichen Endzustände der Evolution von Sonnen dar. Diese extrem dichten astrophysikalischen Objekte können als Restobjekte von massiven Sternen im Zentrum von Supernova-Explosionen entstehen. Allein in unserer Galaxie sind derzeit ca. 1500 solcher Objekte bekannt. Die Materie innerhalb der kompakten Sterne stellt neben der frühen Urknall-Phase, die dichteste, uns zugängliche Energieform im gesamten Universum dar; sie beschreibt den letzten stabilen Zustand bevor die Materie unaufhaltsam kollabiert und durch die Bildung eines Ereignishorizontes von der Aussenwelt abgetrennt wird. Die Eigenschaften der kompakten Sterne werden massgeblich durch zwei fundamentale Kräfte bestimmt: Die Quanten-Chromodynamik (QCD), die den Kräfteaustausch der elementaren Quarks durch farbgeladene Gluonen beschreibt, und die Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, die die attraktive, gravitative Wechselwirkung der Sterne durch eine Verformung ihrer raumzeitlichen Struktur formuliert. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zunächst die derzeitige Theorie der elementaren Wechselwirkungen mittels einer eichtheoretischen Formulierung beschrieben. Astrophysikalische Folgerungen der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, wie die Raumzeitkrümmung innerhalb und ausserhalb kompakter Sterne und die Theorie schwarzer Löcher werden im Detail diskutiert und mittels dreidimensionaler Diagramme veranschaulicht. Im dritten Kapitel werden die numerisch erhaltenen Resultate der Eigenschaften der kompakten Sterne zusammengefasst und in folgende Gruppen untergliedert: Neutronensterne, Quarksterne, hybride Sterne und Zwillingssterne. Die mögliche Realisierung des Quark-Gluon-Plasmas im Inneren der kompakten Sterne wird diskutiert. Anhand von existierenden und zukünftig geplanten astrophysikalischen Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten (z.B. Gravitationswellendetektoren) wird die experimentelle Überprüfbarkeit der dargestellten Ergebnisse aufgezeigt.
The long-awaited detection of a gravitational wave from the merger of a binary neutron star in August 2017 (GW170817) marked the beginning of the new field of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy. By exploiting the extracted tidal deformations of the two neutron stars from the late inspiral phase of GW170817, it was possible to constrain several global properties of the equation of state of neutron star matter. By means of fully general-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, it is possible to get an insight into the hydrodynamic evolution of matter and into the structure of the space–time deformation caused by the remnant of binary neutron star merger. Neutron star mergers represent an optimal astrophysical laboratory to investigate the phase transition from confined hadronic matter to deconfined quark matter. With future gravitational wave detectors, it will most likely be possible in the near future to investigate the hadron-quark phase transition by analyzing the spectrum of the post-merger gravitational wave of the differentially rotating hypermassive hybrid star. In contrast to hypermassive neutron stars, these highly differentially rotating objects contain deconfined strange quark matter in their slowly rotating inner region.
Hypermassive hybrid stars (HMHS) are extreme astrophysical objects that could be produced in the merger of a binary system of compact stars. In contrast to their purely hadronic counterparts, hypermassive neutron stars (HMNS), these highly differentially rotating objects contain deconfined strange quark matter in their slowly rotating inner region. HMHS and HMNS are both mestastable configurations and can survive only shortly after the merger before collapsing to rotating black holes. The appearance of the phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in the interior region of the HMHS and its conjunction with the emitted GW will be addressed in this article by focussing on a specific case study of the delayed phase-transition scenario that takes place during the post-merger evolution of the remnant. The complicated dynamics of the collapse from the HMNS to the more compact HMHS will be analysed in detail. In particular, we will show that the interplay between the spatial density/temperature distributions and the rotational profiles in the interior of the wobbling HMHS after the collapse generates a high-temperature shell within the hadron-quark mixed phase region of the remnant.
Gravitational waves, electromagnetic radiation, and the emission of high energy particles probe the phase structure of the equation of state of dense matter produced at the crossroad of the closely related relativistic collisions of heavy ions and of binary neutron stars mergers. 3 + 1 dimensional special- and general relativistic hydrodynamic simulation studies reveal a unique window of opportunity to observe phase transitions in compressed baryon matter by laboratory based experiments and by astrophysical multimessenger observations. The astrophysical consequences of a hadron-quark phase transition in the interior of a compact star will be focused within this article. Especially with a future detection of the post-merger gravitational wave emission emanated from a binary neutron star merger event, it would be possible to explore the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics. The astrophysical observables of a hadron-quark phase transition in a single compact star system and binary hybrid star merger scenario will be summarized within this article. The FAIR facility at GSI Helmholtzzentrum allows one to study the universe in the laboratory, and several astrophysical signatures of the quark-gluon plasma have been found in relativistic collisions of heavy ions and will be explored in future experiments.
The long-awaited detection of a gravitational wave from the merger of a binary neutron star in August 2017 (GW170817) marks the beginning of the new field of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy. By exploiting the extracted tidal deformations of the two neutron stars from the late inspiral phase of GW170817, it is now possible to constrain several global properties of the equation of state of neutron star matter. However, the most interesting part of the high density and temperature regime of the equation of state is solely imprinted in the post-merger gravitational wave emission from the remnant hypermassive/supramassive neutron star. This regime was not observed in GW170817, but will possibly be detected in forthcoming events within the current observing run of the LIGO/VIRGO collaboration. Numerous numerical-relativity simulations of merging neutron star binaries have been performed during the last decades, and the emitted gravitational wave profiles and the interior structure of the generated remnants have been analysed in detail. The consequences of a potential appearance of a hadron-quark phase transition in the interior region of the produced hypermassive neutron star and the evolution of its underlying matter in the phase diagram of quantum cromo dynamics will be in the focus of this article. It will be shown that the different density/temperature regions of the equation of state can be severely constrained by a measurement of the spectral properties of the emitted post-merger gravitational wave signal from a future binary compact star merger event.
In this work, we discuss the dense matter equation of state (EOS) for the extreme range of conditions encountered in neutron stars and their mergers. The calculation of the properties of such an EOS involves modeling different degrees of freedom (such as nuclei, nucleons, hyperons, and quarks), taking into account different symmetries, and including finite density and temperature effects in a thermodynamically consistent manner. We begin by addressing subnuclear matter consisting of nucleons and a small admixture of light nuclei in the context of the excluded volume approach. We then turn our attention to supranuclear homogeneous matter as described by the Chiral Mean Field (CMF) formalism. Finally, we present results from realistic neutron-star-merger simulations performed using the CMF model that predict signatures for deconfinement to quark matter in gravitational wave signals.
We study in detail the nuclear aspects of a neutron-star merger in which deconfinement to quark matter takes place. For this purpose, we make use of the Chiral Mean Field (CMF) model, an effective relativistic model that includes self-consistent chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement to quark matter and, for this reason, predicts the existence of different degrees of freedom depending on the local density/chemical potential and temperature. We then use the out-of-chemical-equilibrium finite-temperature CMF equation of state in full general-relativistic simulations to analyze which regions of different QCD phase diagrams are probed and which conditions, such as strangeness and entropy, are generated when a strong first-order phase transition appears. We also investigate the amount of electrons present in different stages of the merger and discuss how far from chemical equilibrium they can be and, finally, draw some comparisons with matter created in supernova explosions and heavy-ion collisions.
We study properties of compact stars with the deconfinement phase transition in their interiors. The equation of state of cold baryon-rich matter is constructed by combining a relativistic mean-field model for the hadronic phase and the MIT Bag model for the deconfined phase. In a narrow parameter range two sequences of compact stars (twin stars), which differ by the size of the quark core, have been found. We demonstrate the possibility of a rapid transition between the twin stars with the energy release of about 1052 ergs. This transition should be accompanied by the prompt neutrino burst and the delayed gamma-ray burst.
n this article we will focus on the appearance of the hadron-quark phase transition and the formation of strange matter in the interior region of the hypermassive neutron star and its conjunction with the spectral properties of the emitted gravitational waves (GWs). A strong hadron-quark phase transition might give rise to a mass-radius relation with a twin star shape and we will show in this article that a twin star collapse followed by a twin star oscillation is feasible. If such a twin star collapse would happen during the postmerger phase it will be imprinted in the GW-signal.