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We present the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations in the kaon sector in Pb – Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The robust fluctuation correlator νdyn is used to evaluate the magnitude of fluctuations of the relative yields of neutral and charged kaons, as well as the relative yields of charged kaons, as a function of collision centrality and selected kinematic ranges. While the correlator νdyn[K+,K−] exhibits a scaling approximately in inverse proportion of the charged particle multiplicity, νdyn[K0 S ,K±] features a significant deviation from such scaling. Within uncertainties, the value of νdyn[K0 S ,K±] is independent of the selected transverse momentum interval, while it exhibits a pseudorapidity dependence. The results are compared with HIJING, AMPT and EPOS–LHC predictions, and are further discussed in the context of the possible production of disoriented chiral condensates in central Pb – Pb collisions.
... Es stellen sich auch für das Konzept eines Schuldentilgungsfonds – jedenfalls in Deutschland – verfassungsrechtliche Fragen. Zwar sollen Schuldentilgungsfonds sowie die dadurch bedingte gemeinschaftliche Haftung zeitlich und dem Umfang nach begrenzt sein und seine Errichtung parlamentarischer Zustimmung unterliegen. Das klingt zunächst einmal beruhigend. ...
Die Diskussion um Eurobonds hält an. Es gibt gute Gründe gegen solche Bonds, aber auch welche dafür. Einerseits wird darauf verwiesen, dass durch die Einführung von Eurobonds der Reform- und Spardruck auf verschwenderische Fiskalpolitik zu sinken droht. Und dass zuviel Liquidität – leicht verfügbares Geld – genau das Ausgangsproblem war. Auf der anderen Seite wird daran erinnert, dass Staatsaufgaben nun einmal weiter finanziert werden müssen, und es wird bezweifelt ob ausschließliches Sparen wirklich trägt. Gemeinsame Anleihen würden für die meisten Staaten zudem günstigere Konditionen bedeuten, freilich nicht für Deutschland – wobei Deutschland unter verschiedenen Aspekten von der derzeitigen Situation profitiert. ...
... Im Zusammenhang mit Eurobonds und Schuldentilgungsfonds werden auch immer wieder Projektbonds genannt. Hier haben die Juristen durchweg freundliche Nachrichten, nicht zuletzt, weil diese unzutreffenderweise mit Eurobonds zusammen diskutiert werden. Projektbonds, d.h. Garantien aus dem EU-Haushalt und der Europäischen Investitionsbank für projektbezogene Anleihen für Investitionen etwa in Verkehrs- und Energieprojekte, werfen vergleichsweise wenig rechtliche Probleme auf. Denn zum einen nimmt Art. 125 AEUV ausdrücklich gegenseitige finanzielle Garantien für die Durchführung eines gemeinsamen Projektes vom Bailout-Verbot aus. Zum anderen handelt es sich um genau begrenzte Garantien aus dem EU-Budget, so dass eine weitergehende Haushaltsbelastung der Mitgliedstaaten nicht zu befürchten ist. ...
Proteomic profiles of myocardial tissue in two different etiologies of heart failure were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Right atrial appendages from 10 patients with hemodynamically significant isolated aortic valve disease and from 10 patients with isolated symptomatic coronary heart disease were collected during elective cardiac surgery. As presented in an earlier study by our group (Baykut et al., 2006), both disease forms showed clearly different pattern distribution characteristics. Interesting enough, the classification patterns could be used for correctly sorting unknown test samples in their correct categories. However, in order to fully exploit and also validate these findings there is a definite need for unambiguous identification of the differences between different etiologies at molecular level. In this study, samples representative for the aortic valve disease and coronary heart disease were prepared, tryptically digested, and analyzed using an FT-ICR MS that allowed collision-induced dissociation (CID) of selected classifier masses. By using the fragment spectra, proteins were identified by database searches. For comparison and further validation, classifier masses were also fragmented and analyzed using HPLC-/Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight/time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. Desmin and lumican precursor were examples of proteins found in aortic samples at higher abundances than in coronary samples. Similarly, adenylate kinase isoenzyme was found in coronary samples at a higher abundance. The described methodology could also be feasible in search for specific biomarkers in plasma or serum for diagnostic purposes.
The great financial crisis and the euro area crisis led to a substantial reform of financial safety nets across Europe and – critically – to the introduction of supranational elements. Specifically, a supranational supervisor was established for the euro area, with discrete arrangements for supervisory competences and tasks depending on the systemic relevance of supervised credit institutions. A resolution mechanism was created to allow the frictionless resolution of large financial institutions. This resolution mechanism has been now complemented with a funding instrument.
While much more progress has been achieved than most observers could imagine 12 years ago, the banking union remains unfinished with important gaps and deficiencies. The experience over the past years, especially in the area of crisis management and resolution, has provided impetus for reform discussions, as reflected most lately in the Eurogroup statement of 16 June 2022.
This Policy Insight looks primarily at the current and the desired state of the banking union project. The key underlying question, and the focus here, is the level of ambition and how it is matched with effective legal and regulatory tools. Specifically, two questions will structure the discussions:
What would be a reasonable definition and rationale for a ‘complete’ banking union? And what legal reforms would be required to achieve it?
Banking union is a case of a new remit of EU-level policy that so far has been established on the basis of long pre-existing treaty stipulations, namely, Article 127(6) TFEU (for banking supervision) and Article 114 TFEU (for crisis management and deposit insurance). Could its completion be similarly carried out through secondary law? Or would a more comprehensive overhaul of the legal architecture be required to ensure legal certainty and legitimacy?
... "Eurobonds" werden in den Verträgen nicht erwähnt. Hier fangen die Probleme also bereits an. Auf der Suche nach Kompetenzgrundlagen für die Einrichtung von Eurobonds wäre denkbar, Gebrauch von den dem Rat in Art. 136 AEUV übertragenen Befugnissen zu machen oder alternativ dazu Art. 352 mit Art. 133 und 136 AEUV heranzuziehen. Diese Bestimmungen sind jedenfalls vom Europäischen Parlament im Brok/Gualtieri-Bericht im März 2011 als in den Verträgen vorgesehene Möglichkeiten zur Einrichtung eines ständigen Stabilitätsmechanismus erörtert worden. ...
In particle collider experiments, elementary particle interactions with large momentum transfer produce quarks and gluons (known as partons) whose evolution is governed by the strong force, as described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)1. These partons subsequently emit further partons in a process that can be described as a parton shower2, which culminates in the formation of detectable hadrons. Studying the pattern of the parton shower is one of the key experimental tools for testing QCD. This pattern is expected to depend on the mass of the initiating parton, through a phenomenon known as the dead-cone effect, which predicts a suppression of the gluon spectrum emitted by a heavy quark of mass mQ and energy E, within a cone of angular size mQ/E around the emitter3. Previously, a direct observation of the dead-cone effect in QCD had not been possible, owing to the challenge of reconstructing the cascading quarks and gluons from the experimentally accessible hadrons. We report the direct observation of the QCD dead cone by using new iterative declustering techniques4,5 to reconstruct the parton shower of charm quarks. This result confirms a fundamental feature of QCD. Furthermore, the measurement of a dead-cone angle constitutes a direct experimental observation of the non-zero mass of the charm quark, which is a fundamental constant in the standard model of particle physics.