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Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
Neoma, a new genus of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Macrotomini) is described for Mallodonopsis corrosus Bates, 1879, compared to related genera (Aplagiognathus Thomson, 1861; Archodontes Lameere, 1903; and Mallodonopsis Thomson, 1861), and its tribal position discussed. A lectotype for Mallodonopsis corrosus is here designated with the species redescribed and figured.
Australophanus, new genus, is described and illustrated for Cryptamorpha redtenbacheri (Reitter). Platamus Erichson is synonymized under Telephanus Erichson, new synonymy. Euplatamus Sharp, new status, replaces Platamus Erichson as the genus name. Type species are designated for Aplatamus Grouvelle and Euplatamus Sharp. Telephanus velox (Haldeman) is synonymized under Telephanus atricapillus Erichson. A diagnosis of the tribe Telephanini, a key to the described telephanine genera of the world is presented, and a phylogeny of the family Silvanidae is proposed.
One of the big challenges for nuclear physics today is to understand, starting from first principles, the effective interaction between hadrons with different quark content. First successes have been achieved utilizing techniques to solve the dynamics of quarks and gluons on discrete space-time lattices. Experimentally, the dynamics of the strong interaction have been studied by scattering hadrons off each other. Such scattering experiments are difficult or impossible for unstable hadrons and hence, high quality measurements exist only for hadrons containing up and down quarks. In this work, we demonstrate that measuring correlations in the momentum space between hadron pairs produced in ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN LHC provides a precise method to obtain the missing information on the interaction dynamics between any pair of unstable hadrons. Specifically, we discuss the case of the interaction of baryons containing strange quarks (hyperons). We demonstrate for the first time how, using precision measurements of p–Ω− correlations, the effect of the strong interaction for this hadron–hadron pair can be studied and compared with predictions from lattice calculations.
The genus Paraphloeolaemus Thomas (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Laemophloeidae) is described for two new Neotropical species, P. vorticosus Thomas, new species, and P. pterosiagon Thomas, new species. Diagnoses and illustrations are provided.
The following 16 species are transferred from Laemophloeus Dejean (s. l.) to Phloeolaemus Casey: Phloeolaemus anticus (Sharp, 1899: 518) [= Laemophloeus anticus Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus boops (Sharp, 1899: 517) [= Laemophloeus boops Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus castaneipennis (Grouvelle, 1876: 494) [= Laemophloeus castaneipennis Grouvelle, 1876: 494], new combination; Phloeolaemus championi (Sharp, 1899: 516) [= Laemophloeus championi Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus curtus (Grouvelle, 1876: xxxiii) [= Laemophloeus curtus Grouvelle, 1876], new combination; Phloeolaemus endomychus (Sharp, 1899: 519) [= Laemophloeus endomychus Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus hoplites (Sharp, 1899: 517) [= Laemophloeus hoplites Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus ignobilis (Sharp, 1899: 518) [= Laemophloeus ignobilis Sharp, 1899], new combination; Phloeolaemus impressus (Grouvelle, 1876: xxxiii) [= Laemophloeus impressus Grouvelle, 1876], new combination; Phloeolaemus lacerdae (Grouvelle, 1877: 211) [= Laemophloeus lacerdae Grouvelle, 1877], new combination; Phloeolaemus macrocephalus (Schaeffer, 1910: 214) [= Laemophloeus macrocephalus Schaeffer, 1910], new combination; Phloeolaemus punctulaticollis (Hetschko, 1929: 94) [= Laemophloeus punctulaticollis Hetschko, 1929], new combination; Phloeolaemus reitteri (Grouvelle, 1877: 210) [= Laemophloeus reitteri Grouvelle, 1877], new combination; Phloeolaemus semiflavus (Grouvelle, 1876: 497) [= Laemophloeus semiflavus Grouvelle, 1876], new combination; Phloeolaemus sharpi (Hetschko, 1929: 41) [= Laemophloeus sharpi Hetschko, 1929], new combination; Phloeolaemus straminipennis (Reitter, 1876: 47) [= Laemophloeus straminipennis Reitter, 1876], new combination; Phloeolaemus teapensis (Grouvelle, 1876: 494) [= Laemophloeus teapensis Grouvelle, 1876], new combination.
A new species, Chrysobothris cerceripraeda Westcott and Thomas (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is described from prey specimens found in nests of the ground-nesting wasp, Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), near Jacksonville, Florida, USA. A listing for all species of Buprestidae taken as prey of the wasp in that state is provided, four of which, including the species described herein, are new. Notes are also given for
four new state records for Buprestidae.