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Azimuthal anisotropy (v2) and two-particle angular correlations of high pT charged hadrons have been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV for transverse momenta up to 6 GeV/c, where hard processes are expected to contribute significantly. The two-particle angular correlations exhibit elliptic flow and a structure suggestive of fragmentation of high pT partons. The monotonic rise of v2(pT) for pT<2 GeV/c is consistent with collective hydrodynamical flow calculations. At pT>3 GeV/c, a saturation of v2 is observed which persists up to pT=6 GeV/c.
Elliptic flow holds much promise for studying the early-time thermalization attained in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. Flow measurements also provide a means of distinguishing between hydrodynamic models and calculations which approach the low density (dilute gas) limit. Among the effects that can complicate the interpretation of elliptic flow measurements are azimuthal correlations that are unrelated to the reaction plane (nonflow correlations). Using data for Au + Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV from the STAR time projection chamber, it is found that four-particle correlation analyses can reliably separate flow and nonflow correlation signals. The latter account for on average about 15% of the observed second-harmonic azimuthal correlation, with the largest relative contribution for the most peripheral and the most central collisions. The results are also corrected for the effect of flow variations within centrality bins. This effect is negligible for all but the most central bin, where the correction to the elliptic flow is about a factor of 2. A simple new method for two-particle flow analysis based on scalar products is described. An analysis based on the distribution of the magnitude of the flow vector is also described.
We report the first observation of K*(892)0--> pi K in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The transverse momentum spectrum of (K*0+K*0)/2 from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV is presented. The ratios of the K*0 yield derived from these data to the yields of negative hadrons, charged kaons, and phi mesons have been measured in central and minimum bias collisions and compared with model predictions and comparable e+e-, pp, and p-barp results. The data indicate no dramatic reduction of K*0 production in relativistic heavy ion collisions despite expected losses due to rescattering effects.
The STAR Collaboration reports the first observation of exclusive rho 0 photoproduction, AuAu-->AuAu rho 0, and rho 0 production accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation, AuAu-->Au [star] Au [star] rho 0, in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. The rho 0 have low transverse momenta, consistent with coherent coupling to both nuclei. The cross sections at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV agree with theoretical predictions treating rho 0 production and Coulomb excitation as independent processes.
We report STAR results on the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2 for strange particles K0S, Lambda , and Lambda -bar at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The value of v2 as a function of transverse momentum, pt, of the produced particle and collision centrality is presented for both particles up to pt~3.0 GeV/c. A strong pt dependence in v2 is observed up to 2.0 GeV/c. The v2 measurement is compared with hydrodynamic model calculations. The physics implications of the pt integrated v2 magnitude as a function of particle mass are also discussed.
Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons within 0.2<pT<6.0 GeV/c have been measured over a broad range of centrality for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV. Hadron yields are suppressed at high pT in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions and to a nucleon-nucleon reference scaled for collision geometry. Peripheral collisions are not suppressed relative to the nucleon-nucleon reference. The suppression varies continuously at intermediate centralities. The results indicate significant nuclear medium effects on high-pT hadron production in heavy-ion collisions at high energy.
We report the first measurement of strange ( Lambda ) and antistrange ( Lambda -bar) baryon production from sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Rapidity density and transverse mass distributions at midrapidity are presented as a function of centrality. The yield of Lambda and Lambda -bar hyperons is found to be approximately proportional to the number of negative hadrons. The production of Lambda -bar hyperons relative to negative hadrons increases very rapidly with transverse momentum. The magnitude of the increase cannot be described by existing hadronic string fragmentation models alone.
Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freeze-out. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity.
The transverse mass spectra and midrapidity yields for Xi s and Omega s are presented. For the 10% most central collisions, the Xi -bar+/h- ratio increases from the Super Proton Synchrotron to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energies while the Xi -/h- stays approximately constant. A hydrodynamically inspired model fit to the Xi spectra, which assumes a thermalized source, seems to indicate that these multistrange particles experience a significant transverse flow effect, but are emitted when the system is hotter and the flow is smaller than values obtained from a combined fit to pi , K, p, and Lambda s.
Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.
Beim zentralen Stoß zweier ultrarelativistischer Schwerionen wird ein Zustand extremer Dichte und Temperatur erzeugt, der die Bildung des postulierten Quark-Gluon-Plasmas ermöglichen sollte. Diese neue Phase von Kernmaterie zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß Quarks und Gluonen ohne den unter Normalbedingungen herrschenden Einschluß in Hadronen frei beweglich sind. Das Experiment NA49 am CERN SPS untersucht Kollisionen von 208Pb-Kernen. Dazu wird ein Bleistrahl mit einer Energie von 158 GeV/Nukleon auf ein im Laborsystem ruhendes Bleitarget geschossen. Das Detektorsystem ist auf den Nachweis des hadronischen Endzustands der Reaktion spezialisiert und erlaubt die Messung von mehr als 60% der etwa 2000 produzierten Hadronen. Diese große Zahl von meßbaren Teilchen macht die Untersuchung von Spektren einzelner Ereignisse möglich, die mit dem über alle Ereignisse gemittelten Spektrum verglichen werden können. Damit will man Fluktuationen von Ereignis zu Ereignis, sogenannte Einzelereignisfluktuationen, nachweisen. Um eine von der Unterteilung der Spektren in Bins unabhängige Untersuchung durchführen zu können, wurden die Einzelverteilungen mit Hilfe von Wavelettransformationen in eine Vielskalendarstellung überführt. Durch die anschließende Berechnung von faktoriellen Momenten der Waveletkoeffizienten war daher eine Korrelationsanalyse auf verschiedenen Skalen möglich. Es wurden breit angelegte Simulationen durchgeführt, die quantitative Aussagen über das Verhalten der faktoriellen Waveletmomente bei verschiedenen Arten der Eingangsverteilungen - als Beispiel seien hier flach- und gaußverteilte Spektren genannt - möglich machten. Die Multiplizitätsabhängigkeit der Verteilungsbreite der faktoriellen Waveletmomente der Ordnung q von Ereignissen mit gleichverteilten Einträgen ergab sich so zu einer Gesetzmäßigkeit von der Form sigma q(m) ~ m exp (-q/2). Die Untersuchungen der experimentell erhaltenen p-Spektren zeigten im Rahmen der statistischen Fehler auf keiner Skala eine signifikante Abweichung von den aus Simulationen mit rein zufälligen Einträgen erhaltenen Ergebnissen. Im Vergleich mit Simulationsrechnungen wurde eine obere Grenze für das Auftreten lokaler nichtstatistischer Fluktuationen gesetzt. Solche Fluktuationen werden z.B. in DCC-Modellen vorhergesagt. Die in der Analyse der Waveletmomente festgestellte Abwesenheit lokaler Fluktuationen steht in qualitativer Übereinstimmung mit der Analyse globaler Einzelereignisvariablen (z.B. <p-i->), die ebenfalls auf ein System mit minimalem Korrelationsinhalt hinweisen.