Refine
Document Type
- Article (18)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Preprint (3)
Language
- English (24)
Has Fulltext
- yes (24)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (24)
Keywords
- ADHD (10)
- Depression (2)
- L-DOPA (2)
- attention (2)
- continuous performance test (2)
- depression (2)
- hyperactivity (2)
- impulsivity (2)
- polygenic risk score (2)
- ADHD differential diagnosis (1)
- Affect (1)
- Ambulatory Assessment (1)
- Amisulpride (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Bright light therapy (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Co-morbidity (1)
- Cognitive (1)
- Comorbidity (1)
- Copy number (1)
- Diagnostic markers (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Emotion regulation (1)
- Exercise (1)
- Explicit (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- GHQ-28 (1)
- Genetic syndromes (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Hyperactivity (1)
- Implicit (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- MID task (1)
- Major depressive disorder (1)
- Memory (1)
- Monetary incentive delay (1)
- Mood (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Nesplora Aquarium (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Non-clear cell renal cell cancer (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Phase II trial (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical comorbidities (1)
- Polygenic risk score (1)
- Qb-Test (1)
- QbTest® (1)
- Randomized trial (1)
- Reward (1)
- Reward anticipation (1)
- Reward system (1)
- SUD (1)
- Striatum (1)
- Sunitinib (1)
- TR (1)
- Temsirolimus (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Trigger (1)
- UPPS (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- accidents (1)
- adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adult ADHD) (1)
- amisulpride (1)
- biomarker (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- comorbidity (1)
- cross-sectional study (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- dopamine (1)
- early recognition (1)
- everolimus (1)
- ex-Gaussian analysis (1)
- fMRI (1)
- genetic phenotypes (1)
- insula (1)
- machine learning (ML) (1)
- metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1)
- morphometry (1)
- naturalistic sample (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- pharmaco-fMRI (1)
- phase IV (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- second-line (1)
- substance abuse disorder (1)
- ventral tegmental area (1)
- venturesomeness (1)
Institute
- Medizin (21)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (3)
- Informatik (3)
- Physik (3)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
- Psychologie (1)
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that link psychopathology and physical comorbidities in schizophrenia is crucial since decreased physical fitness and overweight pose major risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases and decrease the patients’ life expectancies. We hypothesize that altered reward anticipation plays an important role in this. We implemented the Monetary Incentive Delay task in a MR scanner and a fitness test battery to compare schizophrenia patients (SZ, n = 43) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 36) as to reward processing and their physical fitness. We found differences in reward anticipation between SZs and HCs, whereby increased activity in HCs positively correlated with overall physical condition and negatively correlated with psychopathology. On the other handy, SZs revealed stronger activity in the posterior cingulate cortex and in cerebellar regions during reward anticipation, which could be linked to decreased overall physical fitness. These findings demonstrate that a dysregulated reward system is not only responsible for the symptomatology of schizophrenia, but might also be involved in physical comorbidities which could pave the way for future lifestyle therapy interventions.
Risk stratification for bipolar disorder using polygenic risk scores among young high-risk adults
(2020)
Objective: Identifying high-risk groups with an increased genetic liability for bipolar disorder (BD) will provide insights into the etiology of BD and contribute to early detection of BD. We used the BD polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from BD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore how such genetic risk manifests in young, high-risk adults. We postulated that BD-PRS would be associated with risk factors for BD.
Methods: A final sample of 185 young, high-risk German adults (aged 18–35 years) were grouped into three risk groups and compared to a healthy control group (n = 1,100). The risk groups comprised 117 cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 45 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 23 help-seeking adults with early recognition symptoms [ER: positive family history for BD, (sub)threshold affective symptomatology and/or mood swings, sleeping disorder]. BD-PRS was computed for each participant. Logistic regression models (controlling for sex, age, and the first five ancestry principal components) were used to assess associations of BD-PRS and the high-risk phenotypes.
Results: We observed an association between BD-PRS and combined risk group status (OR = 1.48, p < 0.001), ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.32, p = 0.009), MDD diagnosis (OR = 1.96, p < 0.001), and ER group status (OR = 1.7, p = 0.025; not significant after correction for multiple testing) compared to healthy controls.
Conclusions: In the present study, increased genetic risk for BD was a significant predictor for MDD and ADHD status, but not for ER. These findings support an underlying shared risk for both MDD and BD as well as ADHD and BD. Improving our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of these phenotypes may aid in early identification and risk stratification.
Structural brain morphometry as classifier and predictor of ADHD and reward-related comorbidities
(2022)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, and around two-thirds of affected children report persisting problems in adulthood. This negative trajectory is associated with high comorbidity with disorders like obesity, depression, or substance use disorder (SUD). Decreases in cortical volume and thickness have also been reported in depression, SUD, and obesity, but it is unclear whether structural brain alterations represent unique disorder-specific profiles. A transdiagnostic exploration of ADHD and typical comorbid disorders could help to understand whether specific morphometric brain changes are due to ADHD or, alternatively, to the comorbid disorders. In the current study, we studied the brain morphometry of 136 subjects with ADHD with and without comorbid depression, SUD, and obesity to test whether there are unique or common brain alterations. We employed a machine-learning-algorithm trained to classify subjects with ADHD in the large ENIGMA-ADHD dataset and used it to predict the diagnostic status of subjects with ADHD and/or comorbidities. The parcellation analysis demonstrated decreased cortical thickness in medial prefrontal areas that was associated with presence of any comorbidity. However, these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Similarly, the machine learning analysis indicated that the predictive algorithm grouped most of our ADHD participants as belonging to the ADHD-group, but no systematic differences between comorbidity status came up. In sum, neither a classical comparison of segmented structural brain metrics nor an ML model based on the ADHD ENIGMA data differentiate between ADHD with and without comorbidities. As the ML model is based in part on adolescent brains, this might indicate that comorbid disorders and their brain changes are not captured by the ML model because it represents a different developmental brain trajectory.