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Bauer, Michael ; Glenn, Tasha ; Achtyes, Eric D. ; Agaoglu, Esen ; Altınbaş, Kürşat ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Angelopoulos, Elias ; Ardau, Raffaella ; Arrua Vares, Edgar ; Aydin, Memduha ; Ayhan, Yavuz ; Baethge, Christopher Jan ; Bauer, Rita ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Balaban, Ceylan ; Becerra-Palars, Claudia ; Behere, Aniruddh P. ; Behere, Prakash B. ; Belete, Habte ; Belete, Tilahun ; Belizario, Gabriel Okawa ; Bellivier, Frank ; Belmaker, Robert H. ; Benedetti, Francesco ; Berk, Michael ; Bersudsky, Yuly ; Bicakci, Şule ; Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet ; Bjella, Thomas D. ; Brady, Conan ; Cabrera, Jorge ; Cappucciati, Marco ; Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes ; Chen, Wei-Ling ; Cheung, Eric Y. Wo ; Chiesa, Silvia ; Crowe, Marie ; Cuomo, Alessandro ; Dallaspezia, Sara ; Del Zompo, Maria ; Desai, Pratikkumar ; Dodd, Seetal ; Donix, Markus ; Etain, Bruno ; Fagiolini, Andrea ; Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea ; Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa ; Fiedorowicz, Jess G. ; Fountoulakis, Kostas N. ; Frye, Mark A. ; Geoffroy, Pierre A. ; Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana ; Gottlieb, John F. ; Grof, Paul ; Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M. ; Harima, Hirohiko ; Hasse-Sousa, Mathias ; Henry, Chantal ; Høffding, Lone ; Houenou, Josselin ; Imbesi, Massimiliano ; Isometsä, Erkki T. ; Ivkovic, Maja ; Janno, Sven ; Johnsen, Simon ; Kapczinski, Flávio ; Karakatsoulis, Gregory N. ; Kardell, Mathias ; Kessing, Lars Vedel ; Kim, Seong Jae ; König, Barbara ; Kot, Timur L. ; Koval, Michael ; Kunz, Mauricio ; Lafer, Beny ; Landén, Mikael ; Larsen, Erik R. ; Lenger, Melanie ; Lewitzka, Ute ; Licht, Rasmus W. ; Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos ; MacKenzie, Alan ; Madsen, Helle Østergaard ; Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A. ; Mahadevan, Jayant ; Mahardika, Agustine ; Manchia, Mirko ; Marsh, Wendy ; Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica ; Martiny, Klaus ; Mashima, Yuki ; McLoughlin, Declan M. ; Meesters, Ybe ; Melle, Ingrid ; Meza-Urzúa, Fátima ; Ming, Mok Yee ; Monteith, Scott ; Moorthy, Muthukumaran ; Morken, Gunnar ; Mosca, Enrica ; Mozzhegorov, Anton A. ; Munoz, Rodrigo ; Mythri, Starlin V. ; Nacef, Fethi ; Nadella, Ravi K. ; Nakanotani, Takako ; Nielsen, René Ernst ; O'Donovan, Claire ; Omrani, Adel ; Osher, Yamima ; Ouali, Uta ; Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja ; Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira ; Petite, Joanne ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Pica Ruiz, Yolanda ; Pilhatsch, Maximilian ; Pinna, Marco ; Pompili, Maurizio ; Porter, Richard ; Quiroz, Danilo ; Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego ; Ramesar, Raj ; Rasgon, Natalie ; Ratta-apha, Woraphat ; Ratzenhofer, Michaela ; Redahan, Maria ; Reddy, M. S. ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva Z. ; Richards, Jenny Gringer ; Ritter, Philipp ; Rybakowski, Janusz K. ; Sathyaputri, Leela ; Scippa, Ângela M. ; Simhandl, Christian ; Severus, Emanuel ; Smith, Daniel ; Smith, José ; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. ; Stein, Dan J. ; Stilwell, Kellen ; Strejilevich, Sergio ; Su, Kuan-Pin ; Subramaniam, Mythily ; Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim ; Suominen, Kirsi ; Tanra, Andi J. ; Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka ; Teh, Wen Lin ; Tondo, Leonardo ; Torrent, Carla ; Tuinstra, Daniel ; Uchida, Takahito ; Vaaler, Arne E. ; Veeh, Julia ; Vieta, Eduard ; Viswanath, Biju ; Yoldi-Negrete, Maria ; Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan ; Young, Allan H. ; Zgueb, Yosra ; Whybrow, Peter C.
Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed.
Randall, Joshua C. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Kutalik, Zoltán ; I. Berndt, Sonja ; Jackson, Anne U. ; Monda, Keri L. ; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O. ; Esko, Tõnu ; Mägi, Reedik ; Li, Shengxu ; Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Croteau-Chonka, Damien C. ; Day, Felix R. ; Fall, Tove ; Ferreira, Teresa ; Gustafsson, Stefan ; Locke, Adam E. ; Mathieson, Iain ; Scherag, André ; Vedantam, Sailaja ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Liang, Liming ; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T. ; Dimas, Antigone S. ; Karpe, Fredrik ; Min, Josine L. ; Nicholson, George ; Clegg, Deborah J. ; Person, Thomas ; Krohn, Jon P. ; Bauer, Sabrina ; Buechler, Christa ; Eisinger, Kristina ; Bonnefond, Amélie ; Froguel, Philippe ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Waite, Lindsay L. ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Smith, Albert Vernon ; Shuldiner, Alan R. ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Caulfield, Mark J. ; Munroe, Patricia B. ; Grönberg, Henrik ; Chen, Yii-Der Ida ; Li, Guo ; Beckmann, Jacques S. ; Johnson, Toby ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ; Teder-Laving, Maris ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; Amin, Najaf ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Province, Michael A. ; Cupples, L. Adrienne ; Heard-Costa, Nancy L. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Ripatti, Samuli ; Surakka, Ida ; Collins, Francis S. ; Saramies, Jouko ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Jula, Antti ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Erdmann, Jeanette ; Hengstenberg, Christian ; Loley, Christina ; Schunkert, Heribert ; Lamina, Claudia ; Wichmann, Heinz Erich ; Albrecht, Eva ; Gieger, Christian ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Johansson, Åsa ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Kathiresan, Sekar ; Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Gyllensten, Ulf ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Campbell, Harry ; Wilson, James F. ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Farrall, Martin ; Goel, Anuj ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Estrada, Karol ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Hofman, Albert ; Zillikens, M. Carola ; Heijer, Martin den ; Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus ; Maschio, Andrea ; Hall, Per ; Tyrer, Jonathan ; Teumer, Alexander ; Völzke, Henry ; Kovacs, Peter ; Tönjes, Anke ; Mangino, Massimo ; Spector, Tim D. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Rudan, Igor ; Hall, Alistair S. ; Samani, Nilesh J. ; Attwood, Antony Paul ; Sambrook, Jennifer G. ; Hung, Joseph ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Lokki, Marja-Liisa ; Sinisalo, Juha ; Boucher, Gabrielle ; Huikuri, Heikki ; Lorentzon, Mattias ; Ohlsson, Claes ; Eklund, Niina ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Barlassina, Cristina ; Rivolta, Carlo ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Snieder, Harold ; Klauw, Melanie M. van der ; Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van ; Gejman, Pablo V. ; Shi, Jianxin ; Jacobs, Kevin B. ; Wang, Zhaoming ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Mateo Leach, Irene ; Navis, Gerjan ; Harst, Pim van der ; Martin, Nicholas Gordon ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Yang, Jian ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rose, Lynda M. ; Lehtimäki, Terho ; Raitakari, Olli ; Absher, Devin ; Iribarren, Carlos ; Basart, Hanneke ; Hovingh, Kees G. ; Hyppönen, Elina ; Power, Chris ; Power, Chris ; Anderson, Denise ; Beilby, John P. ; Hui, Jennie ; Jolley, Jennifer ; Sager, Hendrik ; Bornstein, Stefan R. ; Schwarz, Peter E. H. ; Kristiansson, Kati ; Perola, Markus ; Lindström, Jaana ; Swift, Amy J. ; Uusitupa, Matti ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Rauramaa, Rainer ; Bolton, Jennifer L. ; Fowkes, Gerry ; Fraser, Ross M. ; Price, Jackie F. ; Fischer, Krista ; KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mihailov, Evelin ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Luan, Jian'an ; Ong, Ken K. ; Chines, Peter S. ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M. ; Saaristo, Timo E. ; Edkins, Sarah ; Franks, Paul W. ; Hallmans, Göran ; Shungin, Dmitry ; Morris, Andrew David ; Palmer, Colin N. A. ; Erbel, Raimund ; Moebus, Susanne ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Pechlivanis, Sonali ; Hveem, Kristian ; Narisu, Narisu ; Hamsten, Anders ; Humphries, Steve E. ; Strawbridge, Rona J. ; Tremoli, Elena ; Grallert, Harald ; Thorand, Barbara ; Illig, Thomas ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Peters, Annette ; Böhm, Bernhard O. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; März, Winfried ; Winkelmann, Bernhard R. ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; Laakso, Markku ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Cesana, Giancarlo ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Yarnell, John W. G. ; Kuh, Diana ; Wong, Andrew ; Lind, Lars ; Faire, Ulf de ; Gigante, Bruna ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Pedersen, Nancy L. ; Dedoussis, George ; Dimitriou, Maria ; Kolovou, Genovefa ; Kanoni, Stavroula ; Stirrups, Kathleen ; Bonnycastle, Lori L. ; Njølstad, Inger ; Wilsgaard, Tom ; Ganna, Andrea ; Rehnberg, Emil ; Hingorani, Aroon ; Kivimaki, Mika ; Kumari, Meena ; Assimes, Themistocles L. ; Barroso, Inês ; Boehnke, Michael ; Borecki, Ingrid B. ; Deloukas, Panos ; Fox, Caroline S. ; Frayling, Timothy ; Groop, Leif C. ; Haritunians, Talin ; Hunter, David ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Kaplan, Robert ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; North, Kari E. ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Qi, Lu ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Abecasis, Gonçalo R. ; Stefansson, Kari ; Strachan, David P. ; Schlessinger, David ; O'Connell, Jeffrey R. ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van
Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.
Escott-Price, Valentina ; Bellenguez, Céline ; Wang, Li-San ; Choi, Seung-Hoan ; Harold, Denise ; Jones, Lesley ; Holmans, Peter ; Gerrish, Amy ; Vedernikov, Alexey ; Richards, Alexander ; DeStefano, Anita L. ; Lambert, Jean-Charles ; Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A. ; Naj, Adam C. ; Sims, Rebecca ; Jun, Gyungah ; Bis, Joshua C. ; Beecham, Gary W. ; Grenier-Boley, Benjamin ; Russo, Giancarlo ; Thornton-Wells, Tricia A. ; Denning, Nicola ; Smith, Albert V. ; Chouraki, Vincent ; Thomas, Charlene ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Zelenika, Diana ; Vardarajan, Badri N. ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Lin, Chiao-Feng ; Schmidt, Helena ; Kunkle, Brian ; Dunstan, Melanie L. ; Vronskaya, Maria ; Johnson, Andrew D. ; Ruiz, Agustin ; Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse ; Reitz, Christiane ; Pasquier, Florence ; Hollingworth, Paul ; Hanon, Olivier ; Fitzpatrick, Annette L. ; Buxbaum, Joseph D. ; Campion, Dominique ; Crane, Paul K. ; Baldwin, Clinton ; Becker, Tim ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Cruchaga, Carlos ; Craig, David ; Amin, Najaf ; Berr, Claudine ; Lopez, Oscar L. ; Jager, Philip L. De ; Deramecourt, Vincent ; Johnston, Janet A. ; Evans, Denis ; Lovestone, Simon ; Letenneur, Luc ; Hernández, Isabel ; Rubinsztein, David C. ; Eiriksdottir, Gudny ; Sleegers, Kristel ; Goate, Alison M. ; Fiévet, Nathalie ; Huentelman, Matthew J. ; Gill, Michael ; Brown, Kristelle ; Kamboh, M. Ilyas ; Keller, Lina ; Barberger-Gateau, Pascale ; McGuinness, Bernadette ; Larson, Eric B. ; Myers, Amanda J. ; Dufouil, Carole ; Todd, Stephen ; Wallon, David ; Love, Seth ; Rogaeva, Ekaterina ; Gallacher, John ; St George-Hyslop, Peter ; Clarimon, Jordi ; Lleo, Alberto ; Bayer, Anthony ; Tsuang, Debby W. ; Yu, Lei ; Tsolaki, Magda ; Bossù, Paola ; Spalletta, Gianfranco ; Proitsi, Petra ; Collinge, John ; Sorbi, Sandro ; Sanchez Garcia, Florentino ; Fox, Nick C. ; Hardy, John ; Deniz Naranjo, Maria Candida ; Bosco, Paolo ; Clarke, Robert ; Brayne, Carol ; Galimberti, Daniela ; Scarpini, Elio ; Bonuccelli, Ubaldo ; Mancuso, Michelangelo ; Siciliano, Gabriele ; Moebus, Susanne ; Mecocci, Patrizia ; Del Zompo, Maria ; Maier, Wolfgang ; Hampel, Harald ; Pilotto, Alberto ; Frank-García, Ana ; Panza, Francesco ; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo ; Caffarra, Paolo ; Nacmias, Benedetta ; Perry, William ; Mayhaus, Manuel ; Lannfelt, Lars ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Pichler, Sabrina ; Carrasquillo, Minerva M. ; Ingelsson, Martin ; Beekly, Duane ; Alvarez, Victoria ; Zou, Fanggeng ; Valladares, Otto ; Younkin, Steven G. ; Coto, Eliecer ; Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L. ; Gu, Wei ; Razquin, Cristina ; Pastor, Pau ; Mateo, Ignacio ; Owen, Michael J. ; Faber, Kelley M. ; Jonsson, Palmi V. ; Combarros, Onofre ; O'Donovan, Michael C. ; Cantwell, Laura B. ; Soininen, Hilkka ; Blacker, Deborah ; Mead, Simon ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Bennett, David A. ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Fratiglioni, Laura ; Holmes, Clive ; Bruijn, Renee F. A. G. de ; Passmore, Peter ; Montine, Thomas J. ; Bettens, Karolien ; Rotter, Jerome I. ; Brice, Alexis ; Morgan, Kevin ; Foroud, Tatiana M. ; Kukull, Walter A. ; Hannequin, Didier ; Powell, John F. ; Nalls, Michael A. ; Ritchie, Karen ; Lunetta, Kathryn L. ; Kauwe, John S. K. ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Riemenschneider, Matthias ; Boada, Mercè ; Hiltunen, Mikko ; Martin, Eden R. ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Rujescu, Dan ; Dartigues, Jean-François ; Mayeux, Richard ; Tzourio, Christophe ; Hofman, Albert ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Graff, Caroline ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Haines, Jonathan L. ; Lathrop, Mark ; Pericak-Vance, Margaret Ann ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Broeckhoven, Christine Van ; Farrer, Lindsay A. ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van ; Ramirez, Alfredo ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Schellenberg, Gerard D. ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Williams, Julie
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls.
Principal findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4×10−6) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9×10−8) which indexed novel susceptibility loci.
Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
Théry, Clotilde ; Witwer, Kenneth W. ; Aikawa, Elena ; Alcaraz, Maria Jose ; Anderson, Johnathon D. ; Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson ; Antoniou, Anna ; Arab, Tanina ; Archer, Fabienne ; Atkin-Smith, Georgia K. ; Ayre, D. Craig ; Bach, Jean-Marie ; Bachurski, Daniel ; Baharvand, Hossein ; Balaj, Leonora ; Baldacchino, Shawn ; Bauer, Natalie N. ; Baxter, Amy A. ; Bebawy, Mary ; Beckham, Carla ; Zavec, Apolonija Bedina ; Benmoussa, Abderrahim ; Berardi, Anna C. ; Bergese, Paolo ; Bielska, Ewa ; Blenkiron, Cherie ; Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia ; Boilard, Eric ; Boireau, Wilfrid ; Bongiovanni, Antonella ; Borràs, Francesc E. ; Bosch, Steffi ; Boulanger, Chantal M. ; Breakefield, Xandra ; Breglio, Andrew M. ; Brennan, Meadhbh Aín ; Brigstock, David R. ; Brisson, Alain ; Broekman, Marike L. D. ; Bromberg, Jacqueline F. ; Bryl-Gorecka, Paulina ; Buch, Shilpa ; Buck, Amy H. ; Burger, Dylan ; Busatto, Sara ; Buschmann, Dominik ; Bussolati, Benedetta ; Buzás, Edit I. ; Byrd, James Bryan ; Camussi, Giovanni ; Carter, David R. F. ; Caruso, Sarah ; Chamley, Lawrence W. ; Chang, Yu-Ting ; Chen, Chihchen ; Chen, Shuai ; Cheng, Lesley ; Chin, Andrew R. ; Clayton, Aled ; Clerici, Stefano P. ; Cocks, Alex ; Cocucci, Emanuele ; Coffey, Robert J. ; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela ; Couch, Yvonne ; Coumans, Frank A. W. ; Coyle, Beth ; Crescitelli, Rossella ; Criado, Miria Ferreira ; D’Souza-Schorey, Crislyn ; Das, Saumya ; Chaudhuri, Amrita Datta ; de-Candia, Paola ; De Santana, Eliezer F. ; De Wever, Olivier ; del Portillo, Hernando A. ; Demaret, Tanguy ; Deville, Sarah ; Devitt, Andrew ; Dhondt, Bert ; Di Vizio, Dolores ; Dieterich, Lothar C. ; Dolo, Vincenza ; Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula ; Dominici, Massimo ; Dourado, Mauricio R. ; Driedonks, Tom A. P. ; Duarte, Filipe V. ; Duncan, Heather M. ; Eichenberger, Ramon Marc ; Ekström, Karin ; El Andaloussi, Samir ; Elie-Caille, Celine ; Erdbrügger, Uta ; Falcón-Pérez, Juan M. ; Fatima, Farah ; Fish, Jason E. ; Flores-Bellver, Miguel ; Försönits, András ; Frelet-Barrand, Annie ; Fricke, Fabia ; Fuhrmann, Gregor ; Gabrielsson, Susanne ; Gámez-Valero, Ana ; Gardiner, Chris ; Gärtner, Kathrin ; Gaudin, Raphael ; Gho, Yong Song ; Giebel, Bernd ; Gilbert, Caroline ; Gimona, Mario ; Giusti, Ilaria ; Goberdhan, Deborah C. I. ; Görgens, André ; Gorski, Sharon M. ; Greening, David W. ; Groß, Julia Christina ; Gualerzi, Alice ; Gupta, Gopal N. ; Gustafson, Dakota ; Handberg, Aase ; Haraszti, Réka Ágnes ; Harrison, Paul ; Hegyesi, Hargita ; Hendrix, An ; Hill, Andrew F. ; Hochberg, Fred H. ; Hoffmann, Karl F. ; Holder, Beth ; Holthofer, Harry ; Hosseinkhani, Baharak ; Hu, Guoku ; Huang, Yiyao ; Huber, Veronica ; Hunt, Stuart ; Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin ; Ikezu, Tsuneya ; Inal, Jameel M. ; Isin, Mustafa ; Ivanova, Alena ; Jackson, Hannah K. ; Jacobsen, Soren ; Jay, Steven M. ; Jayachandran, Muthuvel ; Jenster, Guido ; Jiang, Lanzhou ; Johnson, Suzanne M. ; Jones, Jennifer C. ; Jong, Ambrose ; Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana ; Jung, Stephanie ; Kalluri, Raghu ; Kano, Shin-ichi ; Kaur, Sukhbir ; Kawamura, Yumi ; Keller, Evan T. ; Khamari, Delaram ; Khomyakova, Elena ; Khvorova, Anastasia ; Kierulf, Peter ; Kim, Kwang Pyo ; Kislinger, Thomas ; Klingeborn, Mikael ; Klinke, David J. ; Kornek, Miroslaw ; Kosanović, Maja M. ; Kovács, Árpád Ferenc ; Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria ; Krasemann, Susanne ; Krause, Mirja ; Kurochkin, Igor V. ; Kusuma, Gina D. ; Kuypers, Sören ; Laitinen, Saara ; Langevin, Scott M. ; Languino, Lucia R. ; Lannigan, Joanne ; Lässer, Cecilia ; Laurent, Louise C. ; Lavieu, Gregory ; Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa ; Le Lay, Soazig ; Lee, Myung-Shin ; Lee, Yi Xin Fiona ; Lemos, Debora S. ; Lenassi, Metka ; Leszczynska, Aleksandra ; Li, Isaac T. S. ; Liao, Ke ; Libregts, Sten F. ; Ligeti, Erzsebet ; Lim, Rebecca ; Lim, Sai Kiang ; Linē, Aija ; Linnemannstöns, Karen ; Llorente, Alicia ; Lombard, Catherine Ann ; Lorenowicz, Magdalena J. ; Lörincz, Ákos M. ; Lötvall, Jan ; Lovett, Jason ; Lowry, Michelle C. ; Loyer, Xavier ; Lu, Quan ; Lukomska, Barbara ; Lunavat, Taral Rameshchand ; Maas, Sybren L. N. ; Malhi, Harmeet ; Marcilla, Antonio ; Mariani, Jacopo ; Mariscal, Javier ; Martens-Uzunova, Elena S. ; Martin-Jaular, Lorena ; Martinez, M. Carmen ; Martins, Vilma Regina ; Mathieu, Mathilde ; Mathivanan, Suresh ; Maugeri, Marco ; McGinnis, Lynda K. ; McVey, Mark J. ; Meckes, David G. ; Meehan, Katie ; Mertens, Inge ; Minciacchi, Valentina R. ; Möller, Andreas ; Møller Jørgensen, Malene ; Morales-Kastresana, Aizea ; Morhayim, Jess ; Mullier, François ; Muraca, Maurizio ; Musante, Luca ; Mussack, Veronika ; Muth, Dillon C. ; Myburgh, Kathryn H. ; Najrana, Tanbir ; Nawaz, Muhammad ; Nazarenko, Irina ; Nejsum, Peter ; Neri, Christian ; Neri, Tommaso ; Nieuwland, Rienk ; Nimrichter, Leonardo ; Nolan, John P. ; Nolte-’t Hoen, Esther N. M. ; Hooten, Nicole Noren ; O’Driscoll, Lorraine ; O’Grady, Tina ; O’Loghlen, Ana ; Ochiya, Takahiro ; Olivier, Martin ; Ortiz, Alberto ; Ortiz, Luis A. ; Osteikoetxea, Xabier ; Østergaard, Ole ; Ostrowski, Matias ; Park, Jaesung ; Pegtel, Dirk Michiel ; Peinado, Hector ; Perut, Francesca ; Pfaffl, Michael ; Phinney, Donald G. ; Pieters, Bartijn C. H. ; Pink, Ryan Charles ; Pisetsky, David S. ; Pogge von Strandmann, Elke ; Polakovicova, Iva ; Poon, Ivan K. H. ; Powell, Bonita H. ; Prada, Ilaria ; Pulliam, Lynn ; Quesenberry, Peter ; Radeghieri, Annalisa ; Raffai, Robert L. ; Raimondo, Stefania ; Rak, Janusz ; Ramirez, Marcel I. ; Raposo, Graça ; Rayyan, Morsi S. ; Regev-Rudzki, Neta ; Ricklefs, Franz Lennard ; Robbins, Paul D. ; Roberts, David D. ; Rodrigues, Silvia C. ; Rohde, Eva ; Rome, Sophie ; Rouschop, Kasper M. ; Rughetti, Aurelia ; Russell, Ashley E. ; Saá, Paula ; Sahoo, Susmita ; Salas-Huenuleo, Edison ; Sánchez, Catherine ; Saugstad, Julie A. ; Saul, Meike J. ; Schiffelers, Raymond M. ; Schneider, Raphael ; Schøyen, Tine Hiorth ; Scott, Aaron ; Shahaj, Eriomina ; Sharma, Shivani ; Shatnyeva, Olga ; Shekari, Faezeh ; Shelke, Ganesh Vilas ; Shetty, Ashok K. ; Shiba, Kiyotaka ; Siljander, Pia R.-M. ; Silva, Andreia M. ; Skowronek, Agata ; Snyder, Orman L. ; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro ; Sódar, Barbara W. ; Soekmadji, Carolina ; Sotillo, Javier ; Stahl, Philip D. ; Stoorvogel, Willem ; Stott, Shannon L. ; Strasser, Erwin F. ; Swift, Simon ; Tahara, Hidetoshi ; Tewari, Muneesh ; Timms, Kate ; Tiwari, Swasti ; Tixeira, Rochelle ; Tkach, Mercedes ; Toh, Wei Seong ; Tomasini, Richard ; Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia ; Tosar, Juan Pablo ; Toxavidis, Vasilis ; Urbanelli, Lorena ; Vader, Pieter ; Balkom, Bastiaan Wilhelmus Maria van ; Grein, Susanne G. van der ; Van Deun, Jan ; Herwijnen, Martijn J. C. van ; Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall R. ; Niel, Guillaume van ; Royen, Martin E. van ; Wijnen, Andre J. van ; Vasconcelos, M. Helena ; Vechetti, Ivan J. ; Veit, Tiago D. ; Vella, Laura J. ; Velot, Émilie ; Verweij, Frederik ; Vestad, Beate ; Viñas, Jose Luis ; Visnovitz, Tamás ; Vukman, Krisztina V. ; Wahlgren, Jessica ; Watson, Dionysios C. ; Wauben, Marca H. M. ; Weaver, Alissa ; Webber, Jason P. ; Weber, Viktoria ; Wehman, Ann M. ; Weiss, Daniel J. ; Welsh, Joshua A. ; Wendt, Sebastian ; Wheelock, Åsa M. ; Wiener, Zoltán ; Witte, Leonie ; Wolfram, Joy ; Xagorari, Angeliki ; Xander, Patricia ; Xu, Jing ; Yan, Xiaomei ; Yáñez-Mó, María ; Yin, Hang ; Yuana, Yuana ; Zappulli, Valentina ; Zarubova, Jana ; Žėkas, Vytautas ; Zhang, Jian-ye ; Zhao, Zezhou ; Zheng, Lei ; Zheutlin, Alexander R. ; Zickler, Antje Maria ; Zimmermann, Pascale ; Zivkovic, Angela M. ; Zocco, Davide ; Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Lehtipalo, Katrianne ; Rondo, Linda ; Kontkanen, Jenni ; Schobesberger, Siegfried ; Jokinen, Tuija ; Sarnela, Nina ; Kürten, Christoph Andreas ; Ehrhart, Sebastian ; Franchin, Alessandro ; Nieminen, Tuomo ; Riccobono, Francesco ; Sipilä, Mikko ; Yli-Juuti, Taina ; Duplissy, Jonathan ; Adamov, Alexey ; Ahlm, Lars ; Almeida, Joao ; Amorim, Antonio ; Bianchi, Federico ; Breitenlechner, Martin ; Dommen, Josef ; Downard, Andrew ; Dunne, Eimear M. ; Flagan, Richard C. ; Guida, Roberto ; Hakala, Jani ; Hansel, Armin ; Jud, Werner ; Kangasluoma, Juha ; Kerminen, Veli-Matti ; Keskinen, Helmi ; Kim, Jaeseok ; Kirkby, Jasper ; Kupc, Agnieszka ; Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona ; Laaksonen, Ari ; Lawler, Michael Joseph ; Leiminger, Markus ; Mathot, Serge ; Olenius, Tinja ; Ortega, Ismael K. ; Onnela, Antti ; Petäjä, Tuukka ; Praplan, Arnaud Patrick ; Rissanen, Matti P. ; Ruuskanen, Taina ; Santos, Filipe Duarte ; Schallhart, Simon ; Schnitzhofer, Ralf ; Simon, Mario ; Smith, James N. ; Tröstl, Jasmin ; Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios ; Tomé, Antonio ; Vaattovaara, Petri ; Vehkamäki, Hanna ; Vrtala, Aron ; Wagner, Paul E. ; Williamson, Christina ; Wimmer, Daniela ; Winkler, Paul M. ; Virtanen, Annele ; Donahue, Neil McPherson ; Carslaw, Kenneth S. ; Baltensperger, Urs ; Riipinen, Ilona ; Curtius, Joachim ; Worsnop, Douglas R. ; Kulmala, Markku
The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
Smith, Benjamin ; Wårlind, David ; Arneth, Almut ; Hickler, Thomas ; Leadley, Paul W. ; Siltberg, Joe ; Zaehle, Sönke
The LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model uniquely combines an individual- and patch-based representation of vegetation dynamics with ecosystem biogeochemical cycling from regional to global scales. We present an updated version that includes plant and soil N dynamics, analysing the implications of accounting for C-N interactions on predictions and performance of the model. Stand structural dynamics and allometric scaling of tree growth suggested by global databases of forest stand structure and development were well-reproduced by the model in comparison to an earlier multi-model study. Accounting for N cycle dynamics improved the goodness-of-fit for broadleaved forests. N limitation associated with low N mineralisation rates reduces productivity of cold-climate and dry-climate ecosystems relative to mesic temperate and tropical ecosystems. In a model experiment emulating free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) treatment for forests globally, N-limitation associated with low N mineralisation rates of colder soils reduces CO2-enhancement of NPP for boreal forests, while some temperate and tropical forests exhibit increased NPP enhancement. Under a business-as-usual future climate and emissions scenario, ecosystem C storage globally was projected to increase by c. 10 %; additional N requirements to match this increasing ecosystem C were within the high N supply limit estimated on stoichiometric grounds in an earlier study. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for C-N interactions not only in studies of global terrestrial C cycling, but to understand underlying mechanisms on local scales and in different regional contexts.
Bowen, Tom ; Cicardi, Marco ; Farkas, Henriette ; Bork, Konrad ; Longhurst, Hilary ; Zuraw, Bruce ; Aygören-Pürsün, Emel ; Craig, Timothy ; Binkley, Karen ; Hebert, Jacques ; Ritchie, Bruce ; Bouillet, Laurence ; Betschel, Stephen ; Cogar, Della ; Dean, John ; Devaraj, Ramachand ; Hamed, Azza ; Kamra, Palinder ; Keith, Paul K. ; Lacuesta, Gina ; Leith, Eric ; Lyons, Harriet ; Mace, Sean ; Mako, Barbara ; Neurath, Doris ; Poon, Man-Chiu ; Rivard, Georges-Etienne ; Schellenberg, Robert ; Rowan, Dereth ; Rowe, Anne ; Stark, Donald ; Sur, Smeeksha ; Tsai, Ellie ; Warrington, Richard ; Waserman, Susan ; Ameratunga, Rohan ; Bernstein, Jonathan A. ; Björkander, Janne ; Brosz, Kristylea ; Brosz, John ; Bygum, Anette ; Caballero, Teresa ; Frank, Mike ; Fust, George ; Harmat, George ; Kanani, Amin ; Kreuz, Wolfhart ; Levi, Marcel M. ; Li, Henry ; Martinez Saguer, Inmaculada ; Moldovan, Dumitru ; Nagy, Istvan ; Nielsen, Erik W. ; Nordenfelt, Patrik ; Reshef, Avner ; Rusicke, Eva ; Smith-Foltz, Sarah ; Späth, Peter ; Varga, Lilian ; Xiang, Zhi Yu
Background We published the Canadian 2003 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE; C1 inhibitor [C1-INH] deficiency) and updated this as Hereditary angioedema: a current state-of-the-art review: Canadian Hungarian 2007 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema. Objective To update the International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy and Management of Hereditary Angioedema (circa 2010). Methods The Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network (CHAEN)/Reseau Canadien d'angioedeme hereditaire (RCAH) (www.haecanada.com) and cosponsors University of Calgary and the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (with an unrestricted educational grant from CSL Behring) held our third Conference May 15th to 16th, 2010 in Toronto Canada to update our consensus approach. The Consensus document was reviewed at the meeting and then circulated for review. Results This manuscript is the 2010 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy and Management of Hereditary Angioedema that resulted from that conference. Conclusions Consensus approach is only an interim guide to a complex disorder such as HAE and should be replaced as soon as possible with large phase III and IV clinical trials, meta analyses, and using data base registry validation of approaches including quality of life and cost benefit analyses, followed by large head-to-head clinical trials and then evidence-based guidelines and standards for HAE disease management.
Smith, Benjamin ; Wårlind, David ; Arneth, Almut ; Hickler, Thomas ; Leadley, Paul W. ; Siltberg, Joe ; Zaehle, Sönke
The LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model uniquely combines an individual- and patch-based representation of vegetation dynamics with ecosystem biogeochemical cycling from regional to global scales. We present an updated version that includes plant and soil N dynamics, analysing the implications of accounting for C–N interactions on predictions and performance of the model. Stand structural dynamics and allometric scaling of tree growth suggested by global databases of forest stand structure and development were well reproduced by the model in comparison to an earlier multi-model study. Accounting for N cycle dynamics improved the goodness of fit for broadleaved forests. N limitation associated with low N-mineralisation rates reduces productivity of cold-climate and dry-climate ecosystems relative to mesic temperate and tropical ecosystems. In a model experiment emulating free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) treatment for forests globally, N limitation associated with low N-mineralisation rates of colder soils reduces CO2 enhancement of net primary production (NPP) for boreal forests, while some temperate and tropical forests exhibit increased NPP enhancement. Under a business-as-usual future climate and emissions scenario, ecosystem C storage globally was projected to increase by ca. 10%; additional N requirements to match this increasing ecosystem C were within the high N supply limit estimated on stoichiometric grounds in an earlier study. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for C–N interactions in studies of global terrestrial N cycling, and as a basis for understanding mechanisms on local scales and in different regional contexts.
New records of Myrmeleontidae from Paraguay are presented: Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833), Glenurus croesus Banks, 1922, Glenurus penningtoni (Navás, 1918a) and Vella fallax (Rambur, 1842). The total number of species now recorded from the country is fourteen among 11 genera. Specimens of Dimares elegans from east (Cerrado) and west (Chaco) of the Paraguay River are phenotypically distinct; those west of the Paraguay River are assigned to the form “lepida” Navás, 1912. More research is required to understand the taxonomic limits in this genus.
Amaducci, Simone ; Colonna, Nicola ; Cosentino, Luigi ; Cristallo, Sergio ; Finocchiaro, Paolo ; Krtička, Milan ; Massimi, Cristian ; Mastromarco, Mario ; Mazzone, Annamaria ; Mengoni, Alberto ; Valenta, Stanislav ; Aberle, Oliver ; Alcayne, Victor ; Andrzejewski, Józef ; Audouin, Laurent ; Babiano Suarez, Victor ; Bacak, Michael ; Barbagallo, Massimo ; Bennett, Samuel ; Berthoumieux, Eric ; Billowes, Jonathan ; Bosnar, Damir ; Brown, Adam ; Busso, Maurizio ; Caamaño, Manuel ; Caballero Ontanaya, Luis ; Calviño Tavares, Francisco ; Calviani, Marco ; Cano-Ott, Daniel ; Casanovas Hoste, Adrià ; Cerutti, Francesco ; Chiaveri, Enrico ; Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere ; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio ; Damone, Lucia-Anna ; Davies, Paul-John ; Diakaki, Maria ; Dietz, Mirco ; Domingo-Pardo, César ; Dressler, Rugard ; Ducasse, Quentin ; Dupont, Emmeric ; Durán, Ignacio ; Eleme, Zinovia ; Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz ; Ferrari, Alfredo ; Furman, Valter ; Göbel, Kathrin ; Garg, Ruchi ; Gawlik, Aleksandra ; Gilardoni, Simone ; Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro ; González Romero, Enrique Miguel ; Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos ; Gunsing, Frank ; Harada, Hideo ; Heinitz, Stephan ; Heyse, Jan ; Jenkins, David ; Junghans, Arnd Rudolf ; Käppeler, Franz ; Kadi, Yacine ; Kimura, Atsushi ; Knapová, Ingrid ; Kokkoris, Michael ; Kopatch, Yuri N. ; Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz ; Ladarescu, Ion ; Lederer-Woods, Claudia ; Leeb, Helmut ; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge ; Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane ; Macina, Daniela ; Manna, Alice ; Martínez, Trinitario ; Masi, Alessandro ; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco ; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea ; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio ; Michalopoulou, Veatriki ; Milazzo, Paolo Maria ; Mingrone, Federica ; Moreno-Soto, Javier ; Musumarra, Agatino ; Negret, Alexandru ; Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco ; Oprea, Andreea ; Patronis, Nikolas ; Pavlik, Andreas ; Perkowski, Jarosław ; Piersanti, Luciano ; Petrone, Cristina ; Pirovano, Elisa ; Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio ; Praena, Javier ; Quesada Molina, José Manuel ; Ramos Doval, Diego ; Rauscher, Thomas ; Reifarth, René ; Rochman, Dimitri ; Rubbia, Carlo ; Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta ; Saxena, Alok ; Schillebeeckx, Peter ; Schumann, Dorothea ; Sekhar, Adhitya ; Smith, Alastair Gavin ; Sosnin, Nikolay V. ; Sprung, Peter ; Stamatopoulos, Athanasios ; Tagliente, Giuseppe ; Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis ; Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel ; Tassan-Got, Laurent ; Thomas, Benedikt ; Torres-Sánchez, Pablo ; Tsinganis, Andrea ; Ulrich, Jiri ; Urlaß, Sebastian ; Vannini, Gianni ; Variale, Vincenzo ; Vaz, Pedro ; Ventura, Alberto ; Vescovi, Diego ; Vlachoudis, Vasilis ; Vlastou, Rosa ; Wallner, Anton ; Woods, Philip John ; Wright, Tobias ; Žugec, Petar
An accurate measurement of the 140Ce(n,γ) energy-dependent cross-section was performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This cross-section is of great importance because it represents a bottleneck for the s-process nucleosynthesis and determines to a large extent the cerium abundance in stars. The measurement was motivated by the significant difference between the cerium abundance measured in globular clusters and the value predicted by theoretical stellar models. This discrepancy can be ascribed to an overestimation of the 140Ce capture cross-section due to a lack of accurate nuclear data. For this measurement, we used a sample of cerium oxide enriched in 140Ce to 99.4%. The experimental apparatus consisted of four deuterated benzene liquid scintillator detectors, which allowed us to overcome the difficulties present in the previous measurements, thanks to their very low neutron sensitivity. The accurate analysis of the p-wave resonances and the calculation of their average parameters are fundamental to improve the evaluation of the 140Ce Maxwellian-averaged cross-section.
Babiano Suarez, Victor ; Balibrea Correa, Javier ; Caballero Ontanaya, Luis ; Domingo-Pardo, César ; Ladarescu, Ion ; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge ; Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis ; Calviño Tavares, Francisco ; Casanovas Hoste, Adrià ; Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel ; Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos ; Aberle, Oliver ; Alcayne, Victor ; Amaducci, Simone ; Andrzejewski, Józef ; Audouin, Laurent ; Bacak, Michael ; Barbagallo, Massimo ; Bennett, Samuel ; Berthoumieux, Eric ; Billowes, Jonathan ; Bosnar, Damir ; Brown, Adam ; Busso, Maurizio ; Caamaño, Manuel ; Calviani, Marco ; Cano-Ott, Daniel ; Cerutti, Francesco ; Chiaveri, Enrico ; Colonna, Nicola ; Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere ; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio ; Cosentino, Luigi ; Cristallo, Sergio ; Damone, Lucia Anna ; Davies, Paul John ; Diakaki, Maria ; Dietz, Mirco ; Dressler, Rugard ; Ducasse, Quentin ; Dupont, Emmeric ; Durán, Ignacio ; Eleme, Zinovia ; Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz ; Ferrari, Alfredo ; Finocchiaro, Paolo ; Furman, Valter ; Göbel, Kathrin ; Garg, Ruchi ; Gawlik-Ramiega, Aleksandra ; Gilardoni, Simone ; Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro ; González Romero, Enrique Miguel ; Gunsing, Frank ; Harada, Hideo ; Heinitz, Stephan ; Heyse, Jan ; Jenkins, David ; Junghans, Arnd Rudolf ; Käppeler, Franz ; Kadi, Yacine ; Kimura, Atsushi ; Knapová, Ingrid ; Kokkoris, Michael ; Kopatch, Yuri N. ; Krtička, Milan ; Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz ; Lederer-Woods, Claudia ; Leeb, Helmut ; Lonsdale, Sarah Jane ; Macina, Daniela ; Manna, Alice ; Martı́nez, Trinitario ; Masi, Alessandro ; Massimi, Cristian ; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco ; Mastromarco, Mario ; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea ; Mazzone, Annamaria ; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio ; Mengoni, Alberto ; Michalopoulou, Veatriki ; Milazzo, Paolo Maria ; Mingrone, Federica ; Moreno-Soto, Javier ; Musumarra, Agatino ; Negret, Alexandru ; Nolte, Ralf ; Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco ; Oprea, Andreea ; Patronis, Nikolas ; Pavlik, Andreas ; Perkowski, Jarosław ; Piersanti, Luciano ; Petrone, Cristina ; Pirovano, Elisa ; Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio ; Praena, Javier ; Quesada Molina, José Manuel ; Ramos Doval, Diego ; Rauscher, Thomas ; Reifarth, René ; Rochman, Dimitri ; Romanets, Y. ; Rubbia, Carlo ; Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta ; Saxena, Alok ; Schillebeeckx, Peter ; Schumann, Dorothea ; Sekhar, Adhitya ; Smith, Alastair Gavin ; Sosnin, Nikolay V. ; Sprung, Peter ; Stamatopoulos, Athanasios ; Tagliente, Giuseppe ; Tassan-Got, Laurent ; Thomas, Th. ; Torres-Sánchez, Pablo ; Tsinganis, Andrea ; Ulrich, Jiri ; Urlaß, Sebastian ; Valenta, Stanislav ; Vannini, Gianni ; Variale, Vincenzo ; Vaz, Pedro ; Ventura, Alberto ; Vescovi, Diego ; Vlachoudis, Vasilis ; Vlastou, Rosa ; Wallner, Anton ; Woods, Philip John ; Wright, Tobias ; Žugec, Petar
The present study took advantage of the availability of high resolution ADS40 digital imagery to 1) systematically resample the vegetation of the Lord Howe Island Group (LHIG, excluding Ball's Pyramid); 2) conduct a numerical analysis of the floristic data; 3) map vegetation extent and the distribution of vegetation communities and 4) compare the resultant classification and mapping with those of Pickard (1983). In July 2013, a total of 86 full floristic and 105 rapid floristic sites were sampled across the island, based on a stratified random sampling design. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering strategy (Flexible UPGMA) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficient with default beta, along with nearest neighbour analysis to identify anomalous site allocations, was used to analyze the floristic data. In total 33 vegetation communities were delineated and mapped: 19 mapping units from the full floristic analysis; 7 variants identified within five of the above 19 groups; 3 mapping units from analysis of canopyonly floristic data; and 4 mapping units recognised in previous studies that are mapped but were not sampled in this survey. The resultant list of vegetation communities and non-vegetation mapping units, along with their equivalence to Pickard (1983) and DECC (2007) units, is provided. 222 plant taxa were recorded in the survey, including 47 exotic taxa. Weeds are a common component of some communities, particularly coastal strandline communities, the shrublands of the southern mountains and regenerating vegetation on landslips. The threatened plants Xylosma parvifolia, Lepidorrhachis mooreana, and Geniostoma huttonii were recorded in floristic sites. Two communities, Gnarled Mossy Cloud Forest and Lagunaria Swamp Forest are listed as Critically Endangered Ecological Communities under the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act). Coastal Saltmarsh, an Endangered Ecological Community listed under the BC Act, also occurs on the main island. An assessment of the conservation status of the vegetation communities recognised in the present study is provided. A number of communities warrant further consideration for listing as threatened ecological communities. Significant improvement in vegetation community attribution and spatial resolution was possible with the highresolution digital imagery, however Pickard's 1983 classification and mapping was found to be a comprehensive and accurate description of the island’s vegetation considering the imagery available at the time. This project has resulted in greatly improved accuracy of vegetation mapping linework for the LHIG. The Pickard (1983) vegetation map comprised 321 individual polygons, whereas the new map includes 1 840 polygons of sufficient accuracy to support detailed environmental planning programs, particularly within the Settlement area where spatial accuracy in the delineation of native vegetation is critical. The new vegetation communities were applied to the updated linework to complete the project. Detailed profiles were compiled of each vegetation community for which enough information was available. These profiles should prove useful in field identification of vegetation types and the assessment of their conservation status.
Barbagallo, Massimo ; Aberle, Oliver ; Alcayne, Victor ; Amaducci, Simone ; Andrzejewski, Józef ; Audouin, Laurent ; Babiano Suarez, Victor ; Bacak, Michael ; Bennett, Samuel ; Berthoumieux, Eric ; Bosnar, Damir ; Brown, Adam S. ; Busso, Maurizio ; Caamaño, Manuel ; Caballero Ontanaya, Luis ; Calviani, Marco ; Calviño Tavares, Francisco ; Cano-Ott, Daniel ; Casanovas Hoste, Adrià ; Cerutti, Francesco ; Chiaveri, Enrico ; Colonna, Nicola ; Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere ; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio ; Cosentino, Luigi ; Cristallo, Sergio ; Damone, Lucia Anna ; Davies, Paul John ; Diakaki, Maria ; Dietz, Mirco ; Domingo-Pardo, César ; Dressler, Rugard ; Ducasse, Quentin ; Dupont, Emmeric ; Durán, Ignacio ; Eleme, Zinovia ; Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz ; Ferrari, Alfredo ; Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro ; Finocchiaro, Paolo ; Furman, Valter ; Garg, Ruchi ; Gawlik, Aleksandra ; Gilardoni, Simone ; Göbel, Kathrin ; González Romero, Enrique Miguel ; Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos ; Gunsing, Frank ; Heinitz, Stephan ; Heyse, Jan ; Jenkins, David ; Jericha, Erwin ; Jiri, U. ; Junghans, Arnd Rudolf ; Kadi, Yacine ; Käppeler, Franz ; Kimura, Atsushi ; Knapová, Ingrid ; Kokkoris, Michael ; Kopatch, Yuri N. ; Krtička, Milan ; Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz ; Ladarescu, Ion ; Lederer-Woods, Claudia ; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge ; Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane ; Macina, Daniela ; Manna, Alice ; Martı́nez, Trinitario ; Masi, Alessandro ; Massimi, Cristian ; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco ; Mastromarco, Mario ; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea ; Mazzone, Annamaria ; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio ; Mengoni, Alberto ; Michalopoulou, Veatriki ; Milazzo, Paolo Maria ; Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles ; Mingrone, Federica ; Moreno-Soto, Javier ; Musumarra, Agatino ; Negret, Alexandru ; Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco ; Oprea, Andreea ; Patronis, Nikolas ; Pavlik, Andreas ; Perkowski, Jarosław ; Petrone, Cristina ; Piersanti, Luciano ; Pirovano, Elisa ; Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio ; Praena, Javier ; Quesada Molina, José Manuel ; Ramos Doval, Diego ; Reifarth, René ; Rochman, Dimitri ; Rubbia, Carlo ; Sabaté- Gilarte, M. ; Saxena, Alok ; Schillebeeckx, Peter ; Schumann, Dorothea ; Sekhar, Adhitya ; Smith, Alastair Gavin ; Sosnin, Nikolay V. ; Sprung, Peter ; Stamatopoulos, Athanasios ; Tagliente, Giuseppe ; Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis ; Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel ; Tassan-Got, Laurent ; Thomas, Benedikt ; Torres-Sánchez, Pablo ; Tsinganis, Andrea ; Urlaß, Sebastian ; Valenta, Stanislav ; Vannini, Gianni ; Variale, Vincenzo ; Vaz, Pedro ; Ventura, Alberto ; Vescovi, Diego ; Vlachoudis, Vasilis ; Vlastou, Rosa ; Wallner, Anton ; Woods, Philip John ; Wright, Tobias J. ; Žugec, Petar
Although the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11B reactions are of interest in several fields of basic and applied Nuclear Physics the present knowledge of these two cross-sections is far from being accurate and reliable, with both evaluations and data showing sizable discrepancies. As part of the challenging n_TOF program on (n,cp) nuclear reactions study, the energy differential cross-sections of the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11 B reactions have been measured at CERN from the reaction thresholds up to 30 MeV neutron energy. Both measurements have been recently performed at the long flight-path (185 m) experimental area of the n_TOF facility at CERN using a pure (99.95%) rigid graphite target and two silicon telescopes. In this paper an overview of the experiment is presented together with a few preliminary results.
Wagner, Robert ; Yan, Chao ; Lehtipalo, Katrianne ; Duplissy, Jonathan ; Nieminen, Tuomo ; Kangasluoma, Juha ; Ahonen, Lauri R. ; Dada, Lubna ; Kontkanen, Jenni ; Manninen, Hanna Elina ; Dias, Antonio ; Amorim, Antonio ; Bauer, Paulus Salomon ; Bergen, Anton ; Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin ; Bianchi, Federico ; Brilke, Sophia ; Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany ; Chen, Xuemeng ; Draper, Danielle C. ; Fischer, Lukas ; Frege, Carla ; Fuchs, Claudia ; Garmash, Olga ; Gordon, Hamish ; Hakala, Jani ; Heikkinen, Liine ; Heinritzi, Martin ; Hofbauer, Victoria ; Hoyle, Christopher Robert ; Kirkby, Jasper ; Kürten, Christoph Andreas ; Kvashnin, Alexander N. ; Laurila, Tiia ; Lawler, Michael Joseph ; Mai, Huajun ; Makhmutov, Vladimir ; Mauldin, Roy Lee ; Molteni, Ugo ; Nichman, Leonid ; Nie, Wei ; Ojdanic, Andrea ; Onnela, Antti ; Piel, Felix ; Quéléver, Lauriane L. J. ; Rissanen, Matti P. ; Sarnela, Nina ; Schallhart, Simon ; Sengupta, Kamalika ; Simon, Mario ; Stolzenburg, Dominik ; Stozhkov, Yuri ; Tröstl, Jasmin ; Viisanen, Yrjö ; Vogel, Alexander L. ; Wagner, Andrea Christine ; Xiao, Mao ; Ye, Penglin ; Baltensperger, Urs ; Curtius, Joachim ; Donahue, Neil McPherson ; Flagan, Richard C. ; Gallagher, Martin William ; Hansel, Armin ; Smith, James N. ; Tomé, Antonio ; Winkler, Paul M. ; Worsnop, Douglas R. ; Ehn, Mikael ; Sipilä, Mikko ; Kerminen, Veli-Matti ; Petäjä, Tuukka ; Kulmala, Markku
The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nano-particle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e. in conditions where neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.2 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion–ion recombination before they grew to 2.2 nm. At this size, more than 90 % of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.2 nm. Observations at Hyytiälä, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy.
Smith, Tanya M. ; Houssaye, Alexandra ; Kullmer, Ottmar ; Cabec, Adeline Le ; Olejniczak, Anthony J. ; Schrenk, Friedemann ; Vos, John de ; Tafforeau, Paul
Scholars have debated the taxonomic identity of isolated primate teeth from the Asian Pleistocene for over a century, which is complicated by morphological and metric convergence between orangutan (Pongo) and hominin (Homo) molariform teeth. Like Homo erectus, Pongo once showed considerable dental variation and a wide distribution throughout mainland and insular Asia. In order to clarify the utility of isolated dental remains to document the presence of hominins during Asian prehistory, we examined enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction shape, and crown development in 33 molars from G. H. R. von Koenigswald's Chinese Apothecary collection (11 Sinanthropus officinalis [= Homo erectus], 21 “Hemanthropus peii,” and 1 “Hemanthropus peii” or Pongo) and 7 molars from Sangiran dome (either Homo erectus or Pongo). All fossil teeth were imaged with non-destructive conventional and/or synchrotron micro-computed tomography. These were compared to H. erectus teeth from Zhoukoudian, Sangiran and Trinil, and a large comparative sample of fossil Pongo, recent Pongo, and recent human teeth. We find that Homo and Pongo molars overlap substantially in relative enamel thickness; molar enamel-dentine junction shape is more distinctive, with Pongo showing relatively shorter dentine horns and wider crowns than Homo. Long-period line periodicity values are significantly greater in Pongo than in H. erectus, leading to longer crown formation times in the former. Most of the sample originally assigned to S. officinalis and H. erectus shows greater affinity to Pongo than to the hominin comparative sample. Moreover, enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction shape, and a long-period line periodicity value in the “Hemanthropus peii” sample are indistinguishable from fossil Pongo. These results underscore the need for additional recovery and study of associated dentitions prior to erecting new taxa from isolated teeth.
Moreno-Soto, Javier ; Valenta, Stanislav ; Berthoumieux, Eric ; Chebboubi, Abdelaziz ; Diakaki, Maria ; Dridi, Wissem ; Dupont, Emmeric ; Gunsing, Frank ; Krtička, Milan ; Litaize, Olivier ; Serot, Olivier ; Aberle, Oliver ; Alcayne, Victor ; Amaducci, Simone ; Andrzejewski, Józef ; Audouin, Laurent ; Bécares, Vicente ; Babiano Suarez, Victor ; Bacak, Michael ; Barbagallo, Massimo ; Thomas, Benedikt ; Bennett, Samuel ; Billowes, Jonathan ; Bosnar, Damir ; Brown, Adam ; Busso, Maurizio ; Caamano, Manuel ; Caballero Ontanaya, Luis ; Calviño Tavares, Francisco ; Calviani, Marco ; Cano-Ott, Daniel ; Casanovas Hoste, Adrià ; Cerutti, Francesco ; Chiaveri, Enrico ; Colonna, Nicola ; Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere ; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio ; Cosentino, Luigi ; Cristallo, Sergio ; Damone, Lucia Anna ; Davies, Paul John ; Dietz, Mirco ; Domingo-Pardo, César ; Dressler, Rugard ; Ducasse, Quentin ; Durán, Ignacio ; Eleme, Zinovia ; Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz ; Ferrari, Alfredo ; Finocchiaro, Paolo ; Furman, Valter ; Göbel, Kathrin ; Gawlik-Ramiega, Aleksandra ; Gilardoni, Simone ; Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro ; González Romero, Enrique Miguel ; Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos ; Heinitz, Stephan ; Heyse, Jan ; Jenkins, David ; Junghans, Arnd Rudolf ; Käppeler, Franz ; Kadi, Yacine ; Kimura, Atsushi ; Knapova, Ingrid ; Kokkoris, Michael ; Kopatch, Yuri N. ; Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz ; Ladarescu, Ion ; Lampoudis, Christos ; Lederer-Woods, Claudia ; Lonsdale, Sarah Jane ; Macina, Daniela ; Manna, Alice ; Martinez, Trinitario ; Masi, Alessandro ; Massimi, Cristian ; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco ; Mastromarco, Mario ; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea ; Mazzone, Annamaria ; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio ; Mengoni, Alberto ; Michalopoulou, Veatriki ; Milazzo, Paolo Maria ; Mingrone, Federica ; Musumarra, Agatino ; Negret, Alexandru ; Nolte, Ralf ; Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco ; Oprea, Andreea ; Patronis, Nikolas ; Pavlik, Andreas ; Perkowski, Jarosław ; Piersanti, Luciano ; Petrone, Cristina ; Pirovano, Elisa ; Porras, Ignacio ; Praena, Javier ; Quesada Molina, José Manuel ; Ramos Doval, Diego ; Rauscher, Thomas ; Reifarth, René ; Rochman, Dimitri ; Sabate-Gilarte, Marta ; Saxena, Alok ; Schillebeeckx, Peter ; Schumann, Dorothea ; Sekhar, Adhitya ; Smith, Alastair Gavin ; Sosnin, Nikolay V. ; Sprung, Peter ; Stamatopoulos, Athanasios ; Tagliente, Giuseppe ; Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis ; Tarifeno-Saldivia, Ariel ; Tassan-Got, Laurent ; Torres-Sanchez, Pablo ; Tsinganis, Andrea ; Ulrich, Jiri ; Urlaß, Sebastian ; Vannini, Gianni ; Variale, Vincenzo ; Vaz, Pedro ; Ventura, Alberto ; Vescovi, Diego ; Vlachoudis, Vasilis ; Vlastou, Rosa ; Wallner, Anton ; Woods, Philip John ; Wright, Tobias ; Žugec, Petar
Background: The photon strength functions (PSFs) and nuclear level density (NLD) are key ingredients for calculation of the photon interaction with nuclei, in particular the reaction cross sections. These cross sections are important especially in nuclear astrophysics and in the development of advanced nuclear technologies.
Purpose: The role of the scissors mode in the M1 PSF of (well-deformed) actinides was investigated by several experimental techniques. The analyses of different experiments result in significant differences, especially on the strength of the mode. The shape of the low-energy tail of the giant electric dipole resonance is uncertain as well. In particular, some works proposed a presence of the E1 pygmy resonance just above 7 MeV. Because of these inconsistencies additional information on PSFs in this region is of great interest.
Methods: The γ-ray spectra from neutron-capture reactions on the 234U, 236 U, and 238 U nuclei have been measured with the total absorption calorimeter of the n_TOF facility at CERN. The background-corrected sum-energy and multi-step-cascade spectra were extracted for several isolated s-wave resonances up to about 140 eV.
Results: The experimental spectra were compared to statistical model predictions coming from a large selection of models of photon strength functions and nuclear level density. No combination of PSF and NLD models from literature is able to globally describe our spectra. After extensive search we were able to find model combinations with modified generalized Lorentzian (MGLO) E1 PSF, which match the experimental spectra as well as the total radiative widths.
Conclusions: The constant temperature energy dependence is favored for a NLD. The tail of giant electric dipole resonance is well described by the MGLO model of the E1 PSF with no hint of pygmy resonance. The M1 PSF must contain a very strong, relatively wide, and likely double-resonance scissors mode. The mode is responsible for about a half of the total radiative width of neutron resonances and significantly affects the radiative cross section.
Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos ; Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge ; Domingo-Pardo, César ; Casanovas Hoste, Adrià ; Dressler, Rugard ; Halfon, Shlomi ; Heinitz, Stephan ; Kivel, Nikolay ; Köster, Ulrich ; Paul, Michael ; Quesada Molina, José Manuel ; Schumann, Dorothea ; Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel ; Tessler, Moshe ; Weissman, Leo ; Aberle, Oliver ; Andrzejewski, Józef ; Audouin, Laurent ; Bacak, Michael ; Balibrea Correa, Javier ; Barbagallo, Massimo ; Bečvář, František ; Berthoumieux, Eric ; Billowes, Jonathan ; Bosnar, Damir ; Brown, Adam ; Caamaño, Manuel ; Calviño Tavares, Francisco ; Calviani, Marco ; Cano-Ott, Daniel ; Cardella, Roberto ; Cerutti, Francesco ; Chen, Yonghao ; Chiaveri, Enrico ; Colonna, Nicola ; Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere ; Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio ; Cosentino, Luigi ; Damone, Lucia Anna ; Diakaki, Maria ; Dupont, Emmeric ; Durán, Ignacio ; Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz ; Ferrari, Alfredo ; Ferreira, Pedro G. ; Finocchiaro, Paolo ; Göbel, Kathrin ; García Ríos, Aczel Regino ; Gawlik, Aleksandra ; Gilardoni, Simone ; Glodariu, Tudor ; Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro ; González Romero, Enrique Miguel ; Griesmayer, Erich ; Gunsing, Frank ; Harada, Hideo ; Heyse, Jan ; Jenkins, David ; Jericha, Erwin ; Käppeler, Franz ; Kadi, Yacine ; Kalamara, Antigoni ; Kavrigin, Pavel ; Kimura, Atsushi ; Kivel, Nikolay ; Kokkoris, Michael ; Krtička, Milan ; Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz ; Leal Cidoncha, Esther ; Lederer, Claudia ; Leeb, Helmut ; Lo Meo, Sergio ; Lonsdale, Sarah Jane ; Macina, Daniela ; Marganiec, Justyna ; Martı́nez, Trinitario ; Masi, Alessandro ; Massimi, Cristian ; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco ; Mastromarco, Mario ; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea ; Mazzone, Annamaria ; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio ; Mengoni, Alberto ; Milazzo, Paolo Maria ; Mingrone, Federica ; Musumarra, Agatino ; Negret, Alexandru ; Nolte, Ralf ; Oprea, Andreea ; Patronis, Nikolas ; Pavlik, Andreas ; Perkowski, Jarosław ; Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio ; Praena, Javier ; Radeck, Désirée ; Rauscher, Thomas ; Reifarth, René ; Rout, Prakash Chandra ; Rubbia, Carlo ; Ryan, James ; Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta ; Saxena, Alok ; Schillebeeckx, Peter ; Smith, Alastair Gavin ; Sosnin, Nikolay V. ; Stamatopoulos, Athanasios ; Tagliente, Giuseppe ; Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis ; Tassan-Got, Laurent ; Tsinganis, Andrea ; Valenta, Stanislav ; Vannini, Gianni ; Variale, Vincenzo ; Vaz, Pedro ; Ventura, Alberto ; Vlachoudis, Vasilis ; Vlastou, Rosa ; Wallner, Anton ; Warren, Stephen J. ; Weiß, Christina ; Woods, Philip John ; Wright, Tobias ; Žugec, Petar
The neutron capture cross section of several key unstable isotopes acting as branching points in the s-process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies, but they are very challenging to measure due to the difficult production of sufficient sample material, the high activity of the resulting samples, and the actual (n,γ) measurement, for which high neutron fluxes and effective background rejection capabilities are required. As part of a new program to measure some of these important branching points, radioactive targets of 147Pm and 171Tm have been produced by irradiation of stable isotopes at the ILL high flux reactor. Neutron capture on 146Nd and 170Er at the reactor was followed by beta decay and the resulting matrix was purified via radiochemical separation at PSI. The radioactive targets have been used for time-of-flight measurements at the CERN n_TOF facility using the 19 and 185 m beam lines during 2014 and 2015. The capture cascades were detected using a set of four C6D6 scintillators, allowing to observe the associated neutron capture resonances. The results presented in this work are the first ever determination of the resonance capture cross section of 147Pm and 171Tm. Activation experiments on the same 147Pm and 171Tm targets with a high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian flux of neutrons will be performed using the SARAF accelerator and the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) in order to extract the corresponding Maxwellian Average Cross Section (MACS). The status of these experiments and preliminary results will be presented and discussed as well.
Stolzenburg, Dominik ; Fischer, Lukas ; Vogel, Alexander L. ; Heinritzi, Martin ; Schervish, Meredith ; Simon, Mario ; Wagner, Andrea Christine ; Dada, Lubna ; Ahonen, Lauri R. ; Amorim, Antonio ; Baccarini, Andrea ; Bauer, Paulus Salomon ; Baumgartner, Bernhard ; Bergen, Anton ; Bianchi, Federico ; Breitenlechner, Martin ; Brilke, Sophia ; Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany ; Chen, Dexian ; Dias, Antonio ; Draper, Danielle C. ; Duplissy, Jonathan ; El Haddad, Imad ; Finkenzeller, Henning ; Frege, Carla ; Fuchs, Claudia ; Garmash, Olga ; Gordon, Hamish ; He, Xucheng ; Helm, Johanna ; Hofbauer, Victoria ; Hoyle, Christopher Robert ; Kim, Changhyuk ; Kirkby, Jasper ; Kontkanen, Jenni ; Kürten, Christoph Andreas ; Lampilahti, Janne ; Lawler, Michael Joseph ; Lehtipalo, Katrianne ; Leiminger, Markus ; Mai, Huajun ; Mathot, Serge ; Mentler, Bernhard ; Molteni, Ugo ; Nie, Wei ; Nieminen, Tuomo ; Nowak, John B. ; Ojdanic, Andrea ; Onnela, Antti ; Passananti, Monica ; Petäjä, Tuukka ; Quéléver, Lauriane L. J. ; Rissanen, Matti P. ; Sarnela, Nina ; Schallhart, Simon ; Tauber, Christian ; Tomé, Antonio ; Wagner, Robert ; Wang, Mingyi ; Weitz, Lena ; Wimmer, Daniela ; Xiao, Mao ; Yan, Chao ; Ye, Penglin ; Zha, Qiaozhi ; Baltensperger, Urs ; Curtius, Joachim ; Dommen, Josef ; Flagan, Richard C. ; Kulmala, Markku ; Smith, James N. ; Worsnop, Douglas R. ; Hansel, Armin ; Donahue, Neil McPherson ; Winkler, Paul M.
Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from −25 ∘C to 25 ∘C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.
Hoogakker, Babette A. A. ; Smith, Robin S. ; Singarayer, Joy ; Marchant, Robert ; Prentice, I. Colin ; Allen, Judy R. M. ; Anderson, R. Scott ; Bhagwat, Shonil A. ; Behling, Hermann ; Borisova, Olga ; Bush, Mark B. ; Correa-Metrio, Alexander ; De Vernal, Anne ; Finch, Jemma M. ; Fréchette, Bianca ; Lozano-García, Socorro ; Gosling, William D. ; Granoszewski, Wojciech ; Grimm, Eric C. ; Grüger, Eberhard ; Hanselman, Jennifer ; Harrison, Sandy P. ; Hill, Trevor R. ; Huntley, Brian ; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo ; Kershaw, Arnold Peter ; Ledru, Marie-Pierre ; Magri, Donatella ; McKenzie, Merna ; Müller, Ulrich ; Nakagawa, Takeshi ; Novenko, Elena ; Penny, Daniel ; Sadori, Laura ; Scott, Louis ; Stevenson, Janelle ; Valdes, Paul J. ; Vandergoes, Marcus ; Velichko, Andrey ; Whitlock, Cathy ; Tzedakis, Chronis
A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented, and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Global modelled (BIOME4) biome distributions over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. The two climate models show good agreement in global net primary productivity (NPP). NPP is strongly influenced by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations through CO2 fertilization. The combined effects of modelled changes in vegetation and (via a simple model) soil carbon result in a global terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum that is 210–470 Pg C less than in pre-industrial time. Without the contribution from exposed glacial continental shelves the reduction would be larger, 330–960 Pg C. Other intervals of low terrestrial carbon storage include stadial intervals at 108 and 85 kaBP, and between 60 and 65 kaBP during Marine Isotope Stage 4. Terrestrial carbon storage, determined by the balance of global NPP and decomposition, influences the stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13C) of seawater because terrestrial organic carbon is depleted in 13C. Using a simple carbon-isotope mass balance equation we find agreement in trends between modelled ocean δ 13C based on modelled land carbon storage, and palaeo-archives of ocean δ 13C, confirming that terrestrial carbon storage variations may be important drivers of ocean δ 13 C changes.