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The nuclear modification factor, RAA, of the prompt charmed mesons D0, D+ and D∗+, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, 5<pT<8 GeV/c and 8<pT<16 GeV/c, and in six collision centrality classes. The RAA shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5-6 in the 10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with the RAA of non-prompt J/ψ from B meson decays, measured by the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most central collisions.
The nuclear modification factor, RAA, of the prompt charmed mesons D0, D+ and D∗+, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, 5<pT<8 GeV/c and 8<pT<16 GeV/c, and in six collision centrality classes. The RAA shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5-6 in the 10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with the RAA of non-prompt J/ψ from B meson decays, measured by the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most central collisions.
The nuclear modification factor, RAA, of the prompt charmed mesons D0, D+ and D∗+, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, 5<pT<8 GeV/c and 8<pT<16 GeV/c, and in six collision centrality classes. The RAA shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5-6 in the 10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with the RAA of non-prompt J/ψ from B meson decays, measured by the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most central collisions.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−−√=5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+s→ϕπ+, with ϕ→K−K+, in the pT intervals 2<pT<50 GeV/c and 2<pT<36 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. For pT>10 GeV/c, the measured D+s-meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+s-meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+s relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+s/D0 production yield ratios in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb-Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2<pT<8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+s mesons was measured in Pb-Pb collisions in the 30-50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+s/D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark-gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−−√=5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+s→ϕπ+, with ϕ→K−K+, in the pT intervals 2<pT<50 GeV/c and 2<pT<36 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. For pT>10 GeV/c, the measured D+s-meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+s-meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+s relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+s/D0 production yield ratios in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb-Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2<pT<8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+s mesons was measured in Pb-Pb collisions in the 30-50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+s/D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark-gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
Angular correlations of heavy-flavour and charged particles in high-energy proton-proton collisions are sensitive to the production mechanisms of heavy quarks and to their fragmentation as well as hadronisation processes. The measurement of the azimuthal-correlation function of prompt D mesons with charged particles in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV with the ALICE detector is reported, considering D0, D+, and D∗+ mesons in the transverse-momentum interval 3<pT<36 GeV/c at midrapidity (|y|<0.5), and charged particles with pT>0.3 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η|<0.8. This measurement has an improved precision and provides an extended transverse-momentum coverage compared to previous ALICE measurements at lower energies. The study is also performed as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, showing no modifications of the correlation function with multiplicity within uncertainties. The properties and the transverse-momentum evolution of the near- and away-side correlation peaks are studied and compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators. The obtained results can provide constraints on the generators. Among those considered, PYTHIA8 and POWHEG+PYTHIA8 provide the best description of the measured observables.
Angular correlations of heavy-flavour and charged particles in high-energy proton-proton collisions are sensitive to the production mechanisms of heavy quarks and to their fragmentation as well as hadronisation processes. The measurement of the azimuthal-correlation function of prompt D mesons with charged particles in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV with the ALICE detector is reported, considering D0, D+, and D∗+ mesons in the transverse-momentum interval 3<pT<36 GeV/c at midrapidity (|y|<0.5), and charged particles with pT>0.3 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η|<0.8. This measurement has an improved precision and provides an extended transverse-momentum coverage compared to previous ALICE measurements at lower energies. The study is also performed as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, showing no modifications of the correlation function with multiplicity within uncertainties. The properties and the transverse-momentum evolution of the near- and away-side correlation peaks are studied and compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators. Among those considered, PYTHIA8 and POWHEG+PYTHIA8 provide the best description of the measured observables. The obtained results can provide guidance on tuning the generators.
Understanding the production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei is one of the key challenges of nuclear physics and has important consequences for astrophysics, since it provides an input for indirect darkmatter searches in space. In this paper, the latest results about the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions at √ s = 13 TeV are presented, focusing on the comparison with the predictions of coalescence and thermal models. For the first time, the coalescence parameters B2 for deuterons and B3 for helions are compared with parameter-free theoretical predictions that are directly constrained by the femtoscopic measurement of the source radius in the same event class. A fair description of the data with a Gaussian wave function is observed for both deuteron and helion, supporting the coalescence mechanism for the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions. This method paves the way for future investigations of the internal structure of more complex nuclear clusters, including the hypertriton.
Direct photon production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV was studied in the transverse momentum range 0.9<pT<14 GeV/c. Photons were detected with the highly segmented electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS and via conversions in the ALICE detector material with the e+e− pair reconstructed in the central tracking system. The results of the two methods were combined and direct photon spectra were measured for the 0-20%, 20-40%, and 40-80% centrality classes. For all three classes, agreement was found with perturbative QCD calculations for pT≳5 GeV/c. Direct photon spectra down to pT≈1 GeV/c could be extracted for the 20-40% and 0-20% centrality classes. The significance of the direct photon signal for 0.9<pT<2.1 GeV/c is 2.6σ for the 0-20% class. The spectrum in this pT range and centrality class can be described by an exponential with an inverse slope parameter of (297±12stat±41syst) MeV. State-of-the-art models for photon production in heavy-ion collisions agree with the data within uncertainties.
Direct photon production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV was studied in the transverse momentum range 0.9<pT<14 GeV/c. Photons were detected with the highly segmented electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS and via conversions in the ALICE detector material with the e+e− pair reconstructed in the central tracking system. The results of the two methods were combined and direct photon spectra were measured for the 0-20%, 20-40%, and 40-80% centrality classes. For all three classes, agreement was found with perturbative QCD calculations for pT≳5 GeV/c. Direct photon spectra down to pT≈1 GeV/c could be extracted for the 20-40% and 0-20% centrality classes. The significance of the direct photon signal for 0.9<pT<2.1 GeV/c is 2.6σ for the 0-20% class. The spectrum in this pT range and centrality class can be described by an exponential with an inverse slope parameter of (297±12stat±41syst) MeV. State-of-the-art models for photon production in heavy-ion collisions agree with the data within uncertainties.