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The polarization of Λ and Λ¯ hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the second and third harmonic results are comparable in magnitude, increase from central to peripheral collisions, and show a mild pT dependence. The azimuthal angle dependence of the polarization follows the vorticity pattern expected due to elliptic and triangular anisotropic flow, and qualitatively disagree with most hydrodynamic model calculations based on thermal vorticity and shear induced contributions. The model results based on one of existing implementations of the shear contribution lead to a correct azimuthal angle dependence, but predict centrality and pT dependence that still disagree with experimental measurements. Thus, our results provide stringent constraints on the thermal vorticity and shear-induced contributions to hyperon polarization. Comparison to previous measurements at RHIC and the LHC for the second-order harmonic results shows little dependence on the collision system size and collision energy.
A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.
The species of Kokeshia Miyamoto, 1960 from China are reviewed, K. hsiaoi Ren & Zheng, 1992 is redescribed, and ten new species from China are described. Among these new species, K. baii sp. nov., was collected from Hong Kong, and the other nine, K. acutiformis sp. nov., K. bui sp. nov., K. caii sp. nov., K. drepanoides sp. nov., K. hilli sp. nov., K. pengae sp. nov., K. redeii sp. nov., K. renae sp. nov. and K. weirauchae sp. nov., from Yunnan. Thus, the number of known species of this genus is increased from eight to eighteen. Photographs of the habitus, forewing, abdomen and genitalic structures; drawings and scanning electron micrographs of male abdomen and genitalic structures are provided. A key to all the species currently recognized in the genus Kokeshia is presented, a distribution map and checklist for all known species is provided.