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The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-rapidity ( |y |<0.5) are measured in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged particle multiplicity, using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The production rates of K0S, Λ, Ξ, and Ω increase with the multiplicity faster than what is reported for inclusive charged particles. The increase is found to be more pronounced for hadrons with a larger strangeness content. Possible auto-correlations between the charged particles and the strange hadrons are evaluated by measuring the event-activity with charged particle multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. When comparing to lower energy results, the yields of strange hadrons are found to depend only on the mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity. Several features of the data are reproduced qualitatively by general purpose QCD Monte Carlo models that take into account the effect of densely-packed QCD strings in high multiplicity collisions. However, none of the tested models reproduce the data quantitatively. This work corroborates and extends the ALICE findings on strangeness production in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV.
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v1) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D0 mesons for the transverse momentum intervals pT>0.2 GeV/c and 3<pT< 6 GeV/c in the 5-40% and 10-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v1 is found to have a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η, dΔv1/dη=[1.68 ± 0.49 (stat.) ± 0.41 (syst.)] ×10−4, with a 2.6σ significance. The same measurement for D0 and D¯0 mesons yields a positive value dΔv1/dη= [4.9 ± 1.7 (stat.) ± 0.6 (syst.)]×10−1, which is about three orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons, and is larger than zero with significance of 2.7σ. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in non-central heavy-ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv1 of charged hadrons and D0 mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy-ion collision. These observations challenge some of the recent theoretical calculations incorporating effects of the strong electromagnetic field, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of dΔv1/dη for both light-flavour and charmed hadrons.
Υ production in p-Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03<ycms<3.53 and −4.46<ycms<−2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the inclusive Υ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the Υ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the Υ(2S) nuclear modification factor is also evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the Υ(1S). A first measurement of the Υ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous measurements performed by ALICE in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.
Υ production in p-Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03<ycms<3.53 and −4.46<ycms<−2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the inclusive Υ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the Υ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the Υ(2S) nuclear modification factor is also evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the Υ(1S). A first measurement of the Υ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous measurements performed by ALICE in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.
Inclusive Υ production in p-Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03<ycms<3.53 and −4.46<ycms<−2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the inclusive Υ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the Υ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. The inclusive Υ(2S) nuclear modification factor is also evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the Υ(1S). Finally, results are compared with previous measurements performed by ALICE in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.
Measurements of identified hadrons as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions enable a search for the onset of collective effects in small collision systems. With such measurements, it is possible to study the mechanisms that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum (pT) spectra, to search for possible modifications of the yields of short-lived hadronic resonances due to scattering effects in the hadron-gas phase, and to investigate different explanations for the multiplicity evolution of strangeness production provided by phenomenological models. In this paper, these topics are addressed through measurements of the K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) mesons at midrapidity in pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The results include the pT spectra, pT-integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and the ratios of the yields of these resonances to those of longer-lived hadrons. Comparisons with results from other collision systems and energies, as well as predictions from phenomenological models, are also discussed.
The cross section of jets reconstructed from charged particles is measured in the transverse momentum range of 5<pT<100 GeV/c in pp collisions at the center-of-mass energy of s√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.9−R. The charged jet cross sections are compared with the leading order (LO) and to next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative Quantum ChromoDynamics (pQCD) calculations. It was found that the NLO calculations agree better with the measurements. The cross section ratios for different resolution parameters were also measured. These ratios increase from low pT to high pT and saturate at high pT, indicating that jet collimation is larger at high pT than at low pT. These results provide a precision test of pQCD predictions and serve as a baseline for the measurement in Pb−Pb collisions at the same energy to quantify the effects of the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.
The cross section of jets reconstructed from charged particles is measured in the transverse momentum range of 5<pT<100 GeV/c in pp collisions at the center-of-mass energy of s√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.9−R. The charged jet cross sections are compared with the leading order (LO) and to next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative Quantum ChromoDynamics (pQCD) calculations. It was found that the NLO calculations agree better with the measurements. The cross section ratios for different resolution parameters were also measured. These ratios increase from low pT to high pT and saturate at high pT, indicating that jet collimation is larger at high pT than at low pT. These results provide a precision test of pQCD predictions and serve as a baseline for the measurement in Pb−Pb collisions at the same energy to quantify the effects of the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.
Production cross sections of muons from semi-leptonic decays of charm and beauty hadrons were measured at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4) in proton--proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The results were obtained in an extended transverse momentum interval, 2<pT<20 GeV/c, and with an improved precision compared to previous measurements performed in the same rapidity interval at centre-of-mass energies s√=2.76 and 7 TeV. The pT- and y-differential production cross sections as well as the pT-differential production cross section ratios between different centre-of-mass energies and different rapidity intervals are described, within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, by predictions based on perturbative QCD.
Production cross sections of muons from semi-leptonic decays of charm and beauty hadrons were measured at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4) in proton--proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The results were obtained in an extended transverse momentum interval, 2<pT<20 GeV/c, and with an improved precision compared to previous measurements performed in the same rapidity interval at centre-of-mass energies s√=2.76 and 7 TeV. The pT- and y-differential production cross sections as well as the pT-differential production cross section ratios between different centre-of-mass energies and different rapidity intervals are described, within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, by predictions based on perturbative QCD.