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The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
A narrow structure in the pΛ¯ system near the mass threshold, named as X(2085), is observed in the process e+e−→pK−Λ¯ with a statistical significance greater than 20σ. Its spin and parity are determined for the first time to be JP=1+ in an amplitude analysis, with statistical significance greater than 5σ over other quantum numbers. The pole positions of X(2085) are measured to be Mpole=(2086±4±6)~MeV and Γpole=(56±5±16) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The analysis is based on the study of the process e+e−→pK−Λ¯ and uses the data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies s√=4.008, 4.178, 4.226, 4.258, 4.416, and 4.682 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 8.35 fb−1.
Based on (2712.4±14.3)×106 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜓(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII Collider, we report the first evidence of 𝜒𝑐0→Λ¯Λ𝜙 decays and the first observation of 𝜒𝑐1,2→Λ¯Λ𝜙 decays, with significances of 4.1𝜎, 11.3𝜎 and 13.0𝜎, respectively. The decay branching fractions of 𝜒𝑐0,1,2→Λ¯Λ𝜙 are measured to be (2.99±1.24±0.19)×10−5, (6.01±0.90±0.40)×10−5, and (7.13±0.81±0.36)×10−5, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No obvious enhancement near the Λ¯Λ production threshold or excited Λ state is found in the Λ𝜙 (or ¯Λ𝜙) system.
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1, a measurement of Born cross sections for the e+e−→D0D¯0 and D+D− processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e+e−→D0D¯0 and D+D− around the mass range of G(3900), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), Y(4260), and ψ(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.
Using e+e− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.914GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb−1, we measure the Born cross sections for the process e+e−→K−Ξ¯+Λ/Σ0 at thirty-five energy points with a partial-reconstruction strategy. By fitting the dressed cross sections of e+e−→K−Ξ¯+Λ/Σ0, evidence for ψ(4160)→K−Ξ¯+Λ is found for the first time with a significance of 4.4σ, including systematic uncertainties. No evidence for other possible resonances is found. In addition, the products of electronic partial width and branching fraction for all assumed resonances decaying into K−Ξ¯+Λ/Σ0 are determined.
The energy-dependent cross section for e+e−→ηψ(2S) is measured at eighteen center of mass energies from 4.288 GeV to 4.951 GeV using the BESIII detector. Using the same data samples, we also perform the first search for the reaction e+e−→ηX~(3872), but no evidence is found for the X~(3872) in the π+π−J/ψ mass distribution. At each of the eighteen center of mass energies, upper limits at the 90\% confidence level on the cross section for e+e−→ηψ(2S) and on the product of the e+e−→ηX~(3872) cross section with the branching fraction of X~(3872)→π+π−J/ψ are reported.
First study of reaction Ξ⁰n → Ξ⁻ p using Ξ⁰-nucleus scattering at an electron-positron collider
(2023)
Using ð1.0087 0.0044Þ × 1010 J=ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ0n → Ξ−p is studied, where the Ξ0 baryon is produced in the process J=ψ → Ξ0Ξ¯ 0 and the neutron is a component of the 9 Be, 12C, and 197Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1σ. The cross section of the reaction Ξ0 þ 9 Be → Ξ− þ p þ 8 Be is determined to be σðΞ0 þ 9 Be → Ξ− þ p þ 8 BeÞ¼ð22.1 5.3stat 4.5sysÞ mb at the Ξ0 momentum of 0.818 GeV=c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξ−p final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
Based on a data sample of (27.08±0.14)×108 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the M1 transition ψ(3686)→γηc(2S) with ηc(2S)→KK¯π is studied, where KK¯π is K+K−π0 or K0SK±π∓. The mass and width of the ηc(2S) are measured to be (3637.8±0.8(stat)±0.2(syst)) MeV/c2 and (10.5±1.7(stat)±3.5(syst)) MeV, respectively. The product branching fraction B(ψ(3686)→γηc(2S))×B(ηc(2S)→KK¯π) is determined to be (0.97±0.06(stat)±0.09(syst))×10−5. Using BR(ηc(2S)→KK¯π)=(1.86+0.68−0.49)%, we obtain the branching fraction of the radiative transition to be BR(ψ(3686)→γηc(2S))=(5.2±0.3(stat)±0.5(syst)+1.9−1.4(extr))×10−4, where the third uncertainty is due to the quoted BR(ηc(2S)→KK¯π).
The J/ψ→Ξ0Ξ¯0 process and subsequent decays are investigated using (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected at the BESIII experiment. The decay parameters of Ξ0 and Ξ¯0 are measured with greatly improved precision over previous measurements to be αΞ=−0.3750±0.0034±0.0016, α¯Ξ=0.3790±0.0034±0.0021, ϕΞ=0.0051±0.0096±0.0018~rad, ϕ¯Ξ=−0.0053±0.0097±0.0019~rad, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. From these measurements, precise CP symmetry tests in Ξ0 decay are performed, and AΞCP=(−5.4±6.5±3.1)×10−3 and ΔϕΞCP=(−0.1±6.9±0.9)×10−3~rad are consistent with CP conservation. The sequential decay also enables a separation of weak and strong phase differences, which are found for the first time to be ξP−ξS=(0.0±1.7±0.2)×10−2~rad and δP−δS=(−1.3±1.7±0.4)×10−2~rad, respectively. In addition, we measure the Λ decay parameters and test CP symmetry in Λ decays.
Using initial-state radiation events from a total integrated luminosity of 11.957 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 3.773 and 4.258 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the cross section for the process 𝑒+𝑒−→Λ¯Λ is measured in 16 Λ¯Λ invariant mass intervals from the production threshold up to 3.00 GeV/𝑐2. The results are consistent with previous results from BABAR and BESIII, but with better precision and with narrower Λ¯Λ invariant mass intervals than BABAR.