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5-LO is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes. It catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to the hydroperoxy intermediate 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6- trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HpETE). In a second step 5-LO catalyses a dehydration reaction forming the unstable epoxide intermediate 5(S)-trans-5,6-oxido-7,9- trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene A4 , LTA4). The 5-LO gene is subjected to versatile regulation mechanisms. Apart from regulation by DNA-methylation and histone acetylation / deacetylation 5-LO gene expression can be regulated by the differentiation inducers calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) 5-LO gene expression. In the myeloid cell lines Mono Mac 6 (MM6) and HL-60, differentiation with both agents caused a prominent upregulation of 5-LO mRNA level, of 5-LO protein expression and of 5-LO activity. Treatment with calcitriol alone already has an impact on 5-LO gene expression which is additionally potentiated by TGFβ treatment. Previous nuclear run-off analysis and reporter gene analysis could not associate the 5-LO promoter with the induction of 5-LO mRNA expression mediated by calcitriol and TGFβ. Inclusion of the 5-LO coding sequence (cds) and inclusion of the 5-LO cds plus the last four introns of the gene (J to M) in the 5-LO promoter construct pN10 led to an enhanced reporter gene activity. The inductions were dependent on vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) cotransfection. Therefore the work was concentrated on identifying elements outside the 5-LO promoter region which contribute to the calcitriol / TGFβ effect on 5-LO mRNA expression. Insertion of the LTA4 hydrolase coding sequence – a coding sequence of similar size - instead of the 5-LO cds led to a loss of the calcitriol / TGFβ effect (pN10LTA4Hcds 1-fold induction). Therewith, it was proven that the presence of the 5-LO cds is crucial for the upregulating effect of calcitriol / TGFβ on 5-LO mRNA level. Cloning of the SV40 promoter instead of pN10 upstream of the 5-LO cds still showed inducibility by treatment with the inducers which argues for a promoter unspecific effect. Insertion of the 5-LO cds in a promoterless basic vector (pGL3cds) displayed same inductions by calcitriol / TGFβ treatment as the 5-LO promoter 5-LO cds construct (pN10cds). Thus, the effect of the inducers is not dependent on the 5-LO promoter under the in vitro conditions of the reporter gene assay. Hence, further cloning was done with promoterless constructs. Through 5-LO cds deletion constructs a positive regulating region in exon 10 to 14 was discovered. To adapt the natural gene context the last four introns (J-M) of the 5-LO gene were inserted in a promoterless construct containing exon 10 to 14 (pGL3cdsΔABInJM). 5end deletion constructs of it revealed putative vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) in exon 12 and intron M. Mutation of the putative VDREs led to a reduced calcitriol effect –more prominent when the putative VDRE in intron M was mutated (reduction of 40%). Moreover another putative VDRE in exon 10 with an adjacent SMAD binding element (SBE) was detected. SMAD proteins are effector proteins of TGFβ signalling. Gelshift experiments demonstrated in vitro binding of the VDR-RXR heterodimer to those three putative VDREs. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in vivo binding of VDR and RXR was shown to the VDRE in the region of exon 10, exon 12 and intron M. 8h and 24h incubation with calcitriol / TGFβ resulted in enhanced expression of VDR in each of the examined regions. The VDR is able to bind to the VDRE without its ligand, whereas this goes along with corepressor recruitment and thus the VDR has a repressive effect on transcription. Histone H4 acetylation was increased when MM6 cells were treated for 8h or 24h with calcitriol or the combination of calcitriol / TGFβ. This finding implies that at that point of time corepressors associated with the VDR are replaced by coactivators. It seems convincing that 5-LO transcription is mainly promoted by calcitriol alone which leads to a more accessible chromatin structure. Previous data indicated that calcitriol and TGFβ upregulate 5-LO RNA maturation and 5- LO transcript elongation. Thus several elongation markers were investigated by ChIP analysis: Histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) trimethylation and H4K20 monomethylation were detected in the analysed regions in exon 10, exon 12 and intron M. In region exon 10 the H3K36 trimethylation status was enhanced after 24h calcitriol or calcitriol / TGFβ treatment. An increased H4K20 monomethylation status in all regions was observed when MM6 cells were treated for 24h with calcitriol / TGFβ. 24h treatment with both agents also enhanced the recruitment of the elongation form of RNA polymerase II, which is phosphorylated at serine 2 of the carboxyterminal domain, to the investigated regions. These findings prove the positive regulating role for calcitriol and TGFβ on 5-LO transcript elongation. A putative mechanism of the effect of calcitriol and TGFβ on 5-LO RNA maturation might be the elevated phosphorylation of serine 2 of the RNA Polymerase II which is known to be followed by recruiting polyadenylating factors.