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Rezensionen [2018]
(2018)
Verzeichnis
Einzelrezensionen
154 Beauvais, Clémentine: The Mighty Child. Time and Power in Children’s Literature (Thomas Kullmann)
155 Dean-Ruzicka, Rachel: Tolerance Discourse and Young Adult Holocaust Literature. Engaging Difference and Identity (Susanne Blumesberger)
157 Dolle-Weinkauff, Bernd (Hrsg.): Geschichte im Comic. Befunde – Theorien – Erzählweisen (Caroline Wittig)
159 Ewers, Hans-Heino (Hrsg.): Erster Weltkrieg: Kindheit, Jugend und Literatur. Deutschland, Österreich, Osteuropa, England, Belgien und Frankreich (Kurt Franz)
161 Franz, Kurt / Lange, Günter (Hrsg.): Der Stoff, aus dem Geschichten sind. Intertextualität im Werk Otfried Preußlers (sabine fuchs)
163 Glasenapp, Gabriele von/Kagelmann, Andre/Giesa, Felix (Hrsg.): Die Zeitalter werden besichtigt. Aktuelle Tendenzen der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung. Festschrift für Otto Brunken (Karin Richter)
165 Josting, Petra/Schmideler, Sebastian (Hrsg.): Bonsels’ Tierleben. Insekten und Kriechtiere in Kinder- und Jugendmedien (Kurt Franz)
167 Kriegleder, Wynfrid/ Lexe, Heidi / Loidl, Sonja/ Seibert, Ernst (Hrsg.): Jugendliteratur im Kontext von Jugendkultur (Lena Hoffmann)
169 Kurwinkel, Tobias: Bilderbuchanalyse. Narrativik – Ästhetik – Didaktik (Annette Kliewer)
171 Langenhorst, Georg/Naurath, Elisabeth (Hrsg.): Kindertora – Kinderbibel – Kinderkoran. Neue Chancen für (inter-)religiöses Lernen (Renate Grubert)
172 Lathey, Gillian: Translating Children’s Literature (heike Elisabeth Jüngst)
174 Mairbäurl, Gunda/Seibert, Ernst (Hrsg.): Kulturelle Austauschprozesse in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Zur genrespezifischen Transformation von Themen, Stoffen und Motiven im medialen Kontext (Sarah Terhorst)
176 Maiwald, Klaus /Meyer, Anna-Maria/Pecher, Claudia Maria (Hrsg.): »Klassiker« des Kinderund Jugendfilms (Michael Stierstorfer)
177 Mills, Claudia (Hrsg.): Ethics in Children’s Literature (Thomas Kullmann)
179 Nast, Mirjam: »Perry Rhodan« lesen. Zur Serialität der Lektürepraktiken einer Heftromanserie (Wolfgang Biesterfeld)
181 O’Sullivan, Emer / Immel, Andrea (Hrsg.): Imagining Sameness and Difference in Children’s Literature. From the Enlightenment to the Present Day (Iris Schäfer)
182 Oetken, Mareile: Wie Bilderbücher erzählen. Analysen multimodaler Strukturen und bimedialen Erzählens im Bilderbuch (Katharina Egerer)
184 Schmideler, Sebastian (Hrsg.): Wissensvermittlung in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der DDR. Themen, Formen, Strukturen, Illustrationen (Sabine Planka)
186 Standke, Jan (Hrsg.): Wolfgang Herrndorf lesen. Beiträge zur Didaktik der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur (Sabine Planka)
187 Viel, Bernhard: Der Honigsammler. Waldemar Bonsels, Vater der Biene Maja. Eine Biografie (Renate Grubert)
189 Zellerhoff, Rita: Komplexe sprachliche Strukturen in der Jugendliteratur. Aufgezeigt an Beispielen preisgekrönter Werke der Jugendjury des Deutschen Jugendliteraturpreises (Susanne Riegler)
Sammelrezensionen
191 Anker, Martin u.a. (Hrsg.): Grimms Märchenwelten im Bilderbuch. Beiträge zur Entwicklung des Märchenbilderbuches seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts. – Brinker-von der Heyde, Claudia u. a. (Hrsg.): Märchen, Mythen und Moderne. 200 Jahre Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm. – Joosen, Vanessa/ Lathey, Gillian (Hrsg.): Grimms’ Tales around the Globe. The Dynamics of their International Reception (Thomas Bitterlich)
194 Böhm, Kerstin: Archaisierung und Pinkifizierung. Mythen von Weiblichkeit und Männlichkeit in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. – Dangendorf, Sarah: Kleine Mädchen in High Heels. Über die visuelle Sexualisierung frühadoleszenter Mädchen (Annette Kliewer)
197 Gordon, Ian: Kid Comic Strips. A Genre Across Four Countries. – Kupczynska, Kalina/Renata Makarska (Hrsg.): Comic in Polen. Polen im Comic. – Kutch, Lynn Marie (Hrsg.): Novel Perspectives on German-Language Comics Studies. History, Pedagogy, Theory. – Reddition. Zeitschrift für Graphische Literatur (66) 2017: Ein halbes Jahrhundert Carlsen Comics. – Rosenfeldt, Reginald: ComicPioniere. Die deutschen Comic-Künstler der 1950er Jahre (Felix Giesa)
The present article illustrates that the specific articulatory and aerodynamic requirements for voiced but not voiceless alveolar or dental stops can cause tongue tip retraction and tongue mid lowering and thus retroflexion of front coronals. This retroflexion is shown to have occurred diachronically in the three typologically unrelated languages Dhao (Malayo-Polynesian), Thulung (Sino-Tibetan), and Afar (East-Cushitic). In addition to the diachronic cases, we provide synchronic data for retroflexion from an articulatory study with four speakers of German, a language usually described as having alveolar stops. With these combined data we supply evidence that voiced retroflex stops (as the only retroflex segments in a language) did not necessarily emerge from implosives, as argued by Haudricourt (1950), Greenberg (1970), Bhat (1973), and Ohala (1983). Instead, we propose that the voiced front coronal plosive /d/ is generally articulated in a way that favours retroflexion, that is, with a smaller and more retracted place of articulation and a lower tongue and jaw position than /t/.
This paper shows that several typologically unrelated languages share the tendency to avoid voiced sibilant affricates. This tendency is explained by appealing to the phonetic properties of the sounds, and in particular to their aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence it is shown that conflicting air pressure requirements for maintaining voicing and frication are responsible for the avoidance of voiced affricates. In particular, the air pressure released from the stop phase of the affricate is too high to maintain voicing, which in consequence leads to a devoicing of the frication part.
Rate effects on aerodynamics of intervocalic stops : evidence from real speech data and model data
(2008)
This paper is a first attempt towards a better understanding of the aerodynamic properties during speech production and their potential control. In recent years, studies on intraoral pressure in speech have been rather rare, and more studies concern the air flow development. However, the intraoral pressure is a crucial factor for analysing the production of various sounds.
In this paper, we focus on the intraoral pressure development during the production of intervocalic stops.
Two experimental methodologies are presented and confronted with each other: real speech data recorded for four German native speakers, and model data, obtained by a mechanical replica which allows reproducing the main physical mechanisms occurring during phonation. The two methods are presented and applied to a study on the influence of speech rate on aerodynamic properties.
This work investigates laryngeal and supralaryngeal correlates of the voicing contrast in alveolar obstruent production in German. It further studies laryngealoral co-ordination observed for such productions. Three different positions of the obstruents are taken into account: the stressed, syllable initial position, the post-stressed intervocalic position, and the post-stressed word final position. For the latter the phonological rule of final devoicing applies in German. The different positions are chosen in order to study the following hypotheses:
1. The presence/absence of glottal opening is not a consistent correlate of the voicing contrast in German.
2. Supralaryngeal correlates are also involved in the contrast.
3. Supralaryngeal correlates can compensate for the lack of distinction in laryngeal adjustment.
Including the word final position is motivated by the question whether neutralization in word final position would be complete or whether some articulatory residue of the contrast can be found.
Two experiments are carried out. The first experiment investigates glottal abduction in co-ordination with tongue-palate contact patterns by means of simultaneous recordings of transillumination, fiberoptic films and Electropalatography (EPG). The second experiment focuses on supralaryngeal correlates of alveolar stops studied by means of Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) simultaneously with EPG. Three German native speakers participated in both recordings. Results of this study provide evidence that the first hypothesis holds true for alveolar stops when different positions are taken into account. In fricative production it is also confirmed since voiceless and voiced fricatives are most of the time realised with glottal abduction. Additionally, supralaryngeal correlates are involved in the voicing contrast under two perspectives. First, laryngeal and supralaryngeal movements are well synchronised in voiceless obstruent production, particularly in the stressed position. Second, supralaryngeal correlates occur especially in the post-stressed intervocalic position. Results are discussed with respect to the phonetics-phonology interface, to the role of timing and its possible control, to the interarticulatory co-ordination, and to stress as 'localised hyperarticulation'.
As has been noted previously, speakers with coronally low "flat" palates exhibit less articulatory variability than speakers with coronally high "domeshaped" palates. This phenomenon is investigated by means of a tongue model and an EPG experiment. The results show that acoustic variability depends on the shape of the vocal tract. The same articulatory variability leads to more acoustic variability if the palate is flat than if it is domeshaped. Furthermore, speakers with domeshaped palates show more articulatory variability than speakers with flat palates. The results are explained by different control strategies by the speakers. Speakers with flat palates reduce their articulatory variability in order to keep their acoustic variability low.
Articulatory token-to-token variability not only depends on linguistic aspects like the phoneme inventory of a given language but also on speaker specific morphological and motor constraints. As has been noted previously (Perkell (1997), Mooshammer et al. (2004)), speakers with coronally high "domeshaped" palates exhibit more articulatory variability than speakers with coronally low "flat" palates. One explanation for that is based on perception oriented control by the speaker. The influence of articulatory variation on the cross sectional area and consequently on the acoustics should be greater for flat palates than for domeshaped ones. This should force speakers with flat palates to place their tongue very precisely whereas speakers with domeshaped palates might tolerate a greater variability. A second explanation could be a greater amount of lateral linguo-palatal contact for flat palates holding the tongue in position. In this study both hypotheses were tested.
In order to investigate the influence of the palate shape on the variability of the acoustic output a modelling study was carried out. Parallely, an EPG experiment was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between palate shape, articulatory variability and linguo-palatal contact.
Results from the modelling study suggest that the acoustic variability resulting from a certain amount of articulatory variability is higher for flat palates than for domeshaped ones. Results from the EPG experiment with 20 speakers show that (1.) speakers with a flat palate exhibit a very low articulatory variability whereas speakers with a domeshaped palate vary, (2.) there is less articulatory variability if there is lots of linguo-palatal contact and (3.) there is no relationship between the amount of lateral linguo-palatal contact and palate shape. The results suggest that there is a relationship between token-to-token variability and palate shape, however, it is not that the two parameters correlate, but that speakers with a flat palate always have a low variability because of constraints of the variability range of the acoustic output whereas speakers with a domeshaped palate may choose the degree of variability. Since linguo-palatal contact and variability correlate it is assumed that linguo-palatal contact is a means for reducing the articulatory variability.
Mechanisms of contrasting korean velar stops : A catalogue of acoustic and articulatory parameters
(2003)
The Korean stop system exhibits a three-way distinction in velar stops among /g/, /k'/ and /kh/. If the differentiation is regarded as being based on voicing, such a system is rather unusual because even a two-way distinction between a voiced and a voicless unaspirated velar stop gets easily lost in the languages of the world especially in the case of velar stops. One possibility for maintainig this distinction is that supralaryngeal characteristics like articulators' velocity, duration of surrounding vowels or stop closure duration are involved. The aim of the present study is to set up a catalogue of parameters which are involved in the distinction of Korean velar stops in intervocalic position.
Two Korean speakers have been recorded via Electromagnetic Articulography. The word material consisted of VCV-sequences where V is one of the three vowels /a/, /i/ or /u/ and C one of the Korean velars /g/, /k'/ or /kh/. Articulatory and acoustic signals have been analysed It turned out that the distinction is only partly built on laryngeal parameters and that supralaryngeal characteristics differ for the three stops. Another result is that the voicing contrast is not a matter of one parameter, but there is always a set of parameters involved. Furthermore, speakers seem to have a certain freedom in the choice of these parameters.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused strains on health systems worldwide disrupting routine hospital services for all non-COVID patients. Within this retrospective study, we analyzed inpatient hospital admissions across 18 German university hospitals during the 2020 lockdown period compared to 2018. Patients admitted to hospital between January 1 and May 31, 2020 and the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019 were included in this study. Data derived from electronic health records were collected and analyzed using the data integration center infrastructure implemented in the university hospitals that are part of the four consortia funded by the German Medical Informatics Initiative. Admissions were grouped and counted by ICD 10 chapters and specific reasons for treatment at each site. Pooled aggregated data were centrally analyzed with descriptive statistics to compare absolute and relative differences between time periods of different years. The results illustrate how care process adoptions depended on the COVID-19 epidemiological situation and the criticality of the disease. Overall inpatient hospital admissions decreased by 35% in weeks 1 to 4 and by 30.3% in weeks 5 to 8 after the lockdown announcement compared to 2018. Even hospital admissions for critical care conditions such as malignant cancer treatments were reduced. We also noted a high reduction of emergency admissions such as myocardial infarction (38.7%), whereas the reduction in stroke admissions was smaller (19.6%). In contrast, we observed a considerable reduction in admissions for non-critical clinical situations, such as hysterectomies for benign tumors (78.8%) and hip replacements due to arthrosis (82.4%). In summary, our study shows that the university hospital admission rates in Germany were substantially reduced following the national COVID-19 lockdown. These included critical care or emergency conditions in which deferral is expected to impair clinical outcomes. Future studies are needed to delineate how appropriate medical care of critically ill patients can be maintained during a pandemic.
Rezensionen [2020]
(2020)
Verzeichnis
Einzelrezensionen
148 Bäni Rigler, Petra: Bilderbuch – Lesebuch – Künstlerbuch. Elsa Beskows Ästhetik des Materiellen (Heinz-Jürgen Kliewer)
149 Barilaro, Christina/Oetken, Mareile(Hg.): Erzähl mir vom Tier. Tiere in der Kinderliteratur und in der Natur (Kurt Franz)
151 Bieker, Nadine: Erzählanfänge und Erzählschlüsse im Adoleszenzroman (Astrid Henning-Mohr)
153 Blumesberger, Susanne/Seibert, Ernst (Hg.): Kinderliteratur in Wien um 1800 (Michael Stierstorfer)
154 Brons, Patricia/Nickel, Artur /Nicolai, Matthias (Hg.): Kästneriaden zum 120. Geburtstag (Sabine Planka)
156 Dallmann, Christine/Hartung, Anja/Aigner, Alfons /Buchele, Kai-Thorsten (Hg.): Comics. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven aus Theorie und Praxis auf ein Stiefkind der Medienpädagogik (Carolin Führer)
157 Darr, Yael: The Nation and the Child. Nation Building in Hebrew Children’s Literature, 1930–1970 (Susanne Blumesberger)
159 Dingelmaier, Theresia: Das Märchen vom Märchen. Eine kultur- und literaturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung des deutschsprachigen jüdischen Volks- und Kindermärchens (Kurt Franz)
161 Field, Hannah: Playing with the Book. Victorian Movable Picture Books and the Child Reader (Petra Bäni Rigler)
163 Gittinger, Kerstin/ Loidl, Sonja (Hg.): Unter Wölfen. Käthe Recheis – Literatur und Politik (Lena Hoffmann)
164 Giuriato, Davide/Hubmann, Philipp/Schildmann, Mareike (Hg.): Kindheit und Literatur. Konzepte – Poetik – Wissen (Ernst Seibert)
166 Glasenapp, Gabriele von/Pecher, Claudia Maria/Anker, Martin (Hg.): Martin Luther und die Reformation in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Beiträge zur literarhistorischen und literarästhetischen Praxis (Roland Issler)
169 Gruner, Elizabeth Rose: Constructing the Adolescent Reader in Contemporary Young Adult Fiction (Thomas Kullmann)
171 Harde, Roxanne/Kokkola, Lydia (Hg.): The Embodied Child. Readings in Children’s Literature and Culture (Thomas Kullmann)
172 Holzen, Aleta-Amirée von: Maskierte Helden. Zur Doppelidentität in Pulp-Novels und Superheldencomics (Maike Paiska)
174 Hubli, Kathrin: Kunstprojekt (Mumin-)Buch. Tove Janssons prozessuale Ästhetik und materielle Transmission (Ben Dammers)
175 Jantzen, Christoph/ Josting, Petra/Ritter, Michael (Hg.): Ästhetik – Leserbezug – Wirkung. Ansprüche an Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Wandel der Zeit (Nadine Bieker)
177 Jung, Britta C.: Komplexe Lebenswelten – multidirektionale Erinnerungsdiskurse. Jugendliteratur zum Nationalsozialismus, Zweiten Weltkrieg und Holocaust im Spiegel des postmemorialen Wandels (Susanne Blumesberger)
179 Meyer, Christina: Producing Mass Entertainment. The Serial Life of the Yellow Kid (Aleta-Amirée von Holzen)
181 Rox-Helmer, Monika: Der historische Jugendroman als geschichtskulturelle Gattung. Fiktionalisierung von Geschichte und ihr didaktisches Potential (Annette Kliewer)
182 Seidel, Nadine Maria: Adoleszenz, Geschlecht, Identität. Queere Konstruktionen in Romanen nach der Jahrtausendwende (Annette Kliewer)
184 Sonyem, Alain Belmond: Kinder- und Jugendliteratur als Gegendiskurs? Zu Afrikavorstellungen in neueren deutschen und deutschafrikanischen Kinder- und Jugendbüchern (Astrid Henning-Mohr)
186 Sprenger, Karoline: Bertolt Brechts Kinderlyrik. Hintergründe, Analysen und fachdidaktische Perspektiven (Kurt Franz)
188 Uhlig, Bettina/ Lieber, Gabriele/Pieper, Irene (Hg.): Erzählen zwischen Bild und Text (Heinz-Jürgen Kliewer) 190 Van Nahl, Ruth: Jugendkrimis im 21. Jahrhundert. Eine Typologie (Sabine Fuchs)
192 Wietersheim, Annegret von: »Später einmal werde ich es dir erzählen«. Leerstellen in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der 1950er Jahre (Susanne Blumesberger)