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The adaptive response of Sorghum bicolor landraces from Egypt to drought stress and following recovery was analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2D-DIGE. Physiological measurements and proteome alterations of accession number 11434, drought tolerant, and accession number 11431, drought sensitive, were compared to their relative control values after drought stress and following recovery. Differentially expressed proteins were analysed by Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS. Alterations in protein contents related to the energy balance, metabolism (sensu Mewes et al. 1997), and chaperons were the most apparent features to elucidate the differences between the drought tolerant and sensitive accessions. Further alterations in the levels of proteins related to transcription and protein synthesis are discussed.
Zielsetzung: Die Daten für das Jahr 2019 des Registers „Abdominelles Aortenaneurysma“ (AAA) des Deutschen Instituts für Gefäßmedizinische Gesundheitsforschung (DIGG) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin werden vorgestellt.
Methodik: Im Jahr 2019 beteiligten sich an dem Register insgesamt 109 Kliniken. Für die offene Versorgung (OR) des intakten AAA (iAAA) gaben 78 (71,6 %) Kliniken, für die endovaskuläre Versorgung (EVAR) des iAAA 102 (93,6 %) Kliniken Daten ein. Für das rupturierte AAA (rAAA) wurden von 36 Kliniken (33,0 %) (EVAR) bzw. 50 (45,9 %) Kliniken (OR) Patienten gemeldet. Ausgewertet wurden die Daten von 1967 stationär behandelten Patienten. Von den insgesamt 1793 iAAA waren 1501 infrarenal (83,7 %) und 292 (16,3 %) juxtarenal gelegen.
Ergebnisse: 1429 iAAA (79,7 %) wurden endovaskulär und 364 (20,3 %) offen versorgt. Bei den endovaskulär versorgten Patienten mit iAAA verlief der Eingriff in 86,3 % der Fälle komplikationslos. Es verstarben insgesamt 15 Patienten (1,0 %) bis zur Entlassung. Bei den offen versorgten Patienten wiesen 67,0 % der Patienten keine Komplikationen auf. Verstorben sind insgesamt 20 Patienten (5,5 %). Bei EVAR war die Klinikletalität bei Versorgung juxtarenaler AAA mit 3,7 % signifikant höher als bei Versorgung infrarenaler AAA mit 0,6 % (p = 0,002), bei OR konnten hingegen keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Klinikletalität aufgezeigt werden (juxtarenal 4,8 %, infrarenal 5,8 %; p = 0,470). Von den 174 Patienten mit rAAA wurden 80 (46,0 %) endovaskulär und 94 (54,0 %) offen versorgt. Bei EVAR sind 20,0 % der Patienten während des stationären Aufenthalts verstorben, bei OR 36,2 %.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse des Jahres 2019 zu Klinikletalität und Morbidität bei endovaskulärer und offener Versorgung des iAAA bestätigen weitgehend die publizierten Ergebnisse für die Jahre 2013 bis 2018. Beim rAAA sind die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Jahresberichte hingegen widersprüchlich, die kleinen berichteten jährlichen Fallzahlen erlauben nur Aussagen über größere Zeiträume.
Redirection of miRNA‐argonaute complexes to specific target sites by synthetic adaptor molecules
(2020)
Dysregulation of miRNAs is connected with a multitude of diseases for which antagomirs and miRNA replacement are discussed as therapeutic options. Here, we suggest an alternative concept based on the redirection of RISCs to non‐native target sites. Metabolically stable DNA‐LNA mixmers are used to mediate the binding of RISCs to mRNAs without any direct base complementarity to the presented guide RNA strand. Physical redirection of a dye‐labeled miRNA model and of specific miRNA‐programmed RISC fractions present in HeLa extracts is demonstrated by pull‐down experiments with biotinylated capture oligonucleotides.
Background: There are several ways to conduct a job task analysis in medical work environments including pencil-paper observations, interviews and questionnaires. However these methods implicate bias problems such as high inter-individual deviations and risks of misjudgement. Computer-based observation helps to reduce these problems. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the development process of a computer-based job task analysis instrument for real-time observations to quantify the job tasks performed by physicians working in different medical settings. In addition reliability and validity data of this instrument will be demonstrated.
Methods: This instrument was developed in consequential steps. First, lists comprising tasks performed by physicians in different care settings were classified. Afterwards content validity of task lists was proved. After establishing the final task categories, computer software was programmed and implemented in a mobile personal computer. At least inter-observer reliability was evaluated. Two trained observers recorded simultaneously tasks of the same physician.
Results: Content validity of the task lists was confirmed by observations and experienced specialists of each medical area. Development process of the job task analysis instrument was completed successfully. Simultaneous records showed adequate interrater reliability.
Conclusion: Initial results of this analysis supported the validity and reliability of this developed method for assessing physicians' working routines as well as organizational context factors. Based on results using this method, possible improvements for health professionals' work organisation can be identified.
Site-specific cleavage of RNAs derived from the PIM1 3′-UTR by a metal-free artificial ribonuclease
(2019)
Oligonucleotide conjugates of tris(2-aminobenzimidazole) have been reported previously to cleave complementary RNA strands with high levels of sequence and site specificity. The RNA substrates used in these studies were oligonucleotides not longer than 29-mers. Here we show that ~150–400-mer model transcripts derived from the 3′-untranslated region of the PIM1 mRNA reacted with rates and specificities comparable to those of short oligonucleotide substrates. The replacement of DNA by DNA/LNA mixmers further increased the cleavage rate. Tris(2-aminobenzimidazoles) were designed to interact with phosphates and phosphate esters. A cell, however, contains large amounts of phosphorylated species that may cause competitive inhibition of RNA cleavage. It is thus important to note that no loss in reaction rates was observed in phosphate buffer. This opens the way to in-cell applications for this type of artificial nuclease. Furthermore, we disclose a new synthetic method giving access to tris(2-aminobenzimidazoles) in multigram amounts.
Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The experimental conditions were kept as similar as possible for the different measurements. Of the participating instruments, some examined droplets which had been made from suspensions directly, and the others examined droplets activated on previously generated Snomax particles, with particle diameters of mostly a few hundred nanometers and up to a few micrometers in some cases. Data were obtained in the temperature range from −2 to −38 °C, and it was found that all ice active protein complexes were already activated above −12 °C. Droplets with different Snomax mass concentrations covering 10 orders of magnitude were examined. Some instruments had very short ice nucleation times down to below 1 s, while others had comparably slow cooling rates around 1 K min−1. Displaying data from the different instruments in terms of numbers of ice active protein complexes per dry mass of Snomax, nm, showed that within their uncertainty the data agree well with each other as well as to previously reported literature results. Two parameterizations were taken from literature for a direct comparison to our results, and these were a time dependent approach based on a contact angle distribution Niedermeier et al. (2014) and a modification of the parameterization presented in Hartmann et~al.~(2013) representing a time independent approach. The agreement between these and the measured data were good, i.e. they agreed within a temperature range of 0.6 K or equivalently a range in nm of a factor of 2. From the results presented herein, we propose that Snomax, at least when carefully shared and prepared, is a suitable material to test and compare different instruments for their accuracy of measuring immersion freezing.
Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice-active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The experimental conditions were kept as similar as possible for the different measurements. Of the participating instruments, some examined droplets which had been made from suspensions directly, and the others examined droplets activated on previously generated Snomax particles, with particle diameters of mostly a few hundred nanometers and up to a few micrometers in some cases. Data were obtained in the temperature range from −2 to −38 °C, and it was found that all ice-active protein complexes were already activated above −12 °C. Droplets with different Snomax mass concentrations covering 10 orders of magnitude were examined. Some instruments had very short ice nucleation times down to below 1 s, while others had comparably slow cooling rates around 1 K min−1. Displaying data from the different instruments in terms of numbers of ice-active protein complexes per dry mass of Snomax, nm, showed that within their uncertainty, the data agree well with each other as well as to previously reported literature results. Two parameterizations were taken from literature for a direct comparison to our results, and these were a time-dependent approach based on a contact angle distribution (Niedermeier et al., 2014) and a modification of the parameterization presented in Hartmann et al. (2013) representing a time-independent approach. The agreement between these and the measured data were good; i.e., they agreed within a temperature range of 0.6 K or equivalently a range in nm of a factor of 2. From the results presented herein, we propose that Snomax, at least when carefully shared and prepared, is a suitable material to test and compare different instruments for their accuracy of measuring immersion freezing.
Investigations of the micro- and nanostructures and chemical composition of the sponge skeletons as examples for natural structural biocomposites are of fundamental scientific relevance. Recently, we show that some demosponges (Verongula gigantea, Aplysina sp.) and glass sponges (Farrea occa, Euplectella aspergillum) possess chitin as a component of their skeletons. The main practical approach we used for chitin isolation was based on alkali treatment of corresponding external layers of spicules sponge material with the aim of obtaining alkali-resistant compounds for detailed analysis. Here, we present a detailed study of the structural and physicochemical properties of spicules of the glass sponge Rossella fibulata. The structural similarity of chitin derived from this sponge to invertebrate alpha chitin has been confirmed by us unambiguously using physicochemical and biochemical methods. This is the first report of a silica-chitin composite biomaterial found in Rossella species. Finally, the present work includes a discussion related to strategies for the practical application of silica-chitin-based composites as biomaterials.
Lichen-forming fungi are symbiotic organisms that synthesize unique natural products with potential for new drug leads. Here, we explored the pharmacological activity of six lichen extracts (Evernia prunastri, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Umbilicaria pustulata, Umbilicaria crustulosa, Flavoparmelia caperata, Platismatia glauca) in the context of cancer and inflammation using a comprehensive set of 11 functional and biochemical in vitro screening assays. We assayed intracellular Ca2+ levels and cell migration. For cancer, we measured tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, as well as the angiogenesis-associated proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). Targeting inflammation, we assayed leukocyte adhesion onto ECs, EC adhesion molecule expression, as well as nitric oxide production and prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis in leukocytes. Remarkably, none of the lichen extracts showed any detrimental influence on the viability of ECs. We showed for the first time that extracts of F. caperata induce Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, extracts from E. prunastri, P. furfuracea, F. caperata, and P. glauca reduced cell migration. Interestingly, F. caperata extracts strongly decreased tumor cell survival. The proliferation of ECs was significantly reduced by E. prunastri, P. furfuracea, and F. caperata extracts. The extracts did not inhibit the activity of inflammatory processes in ECs. However, the pro-inflammatory activation of leukocytes was inhibited by extracts from E. prunastri, P. furfuracea, F. caperata, and P. glauca. After revealing the potential biological activities of lichen extracts by an array of screening tests, a correlation analysis was performed to evaluate particular roles of abundant lichen secondary metabolites, such as atranorin, physodic acid, and protocetraric acid as well as usnic acid in various combinations. Overall, some of the lichen extracts tested in this study exhibit significant pharmacological activity in the context of inflammation and/or cancer, indicating that the group lichen-forming fungi includes promising members for further testing.
Rezensionen [2020]
(2020)
Verzeichnis
Einzelrezensionen
148 Bäni Rigler, Petra: Bilderbuch – Lesebuch – Künstlerbuch. Elsa Beskows Ästhetik des Materiellen (Heinz-Jürgen Kliewer)
149 Barilaro, Christina/Oetken, Mareile(Hg.): Erzähl mir vom Tier. Tiere in der Kinderliteratur und in der Natur (Kurt Franz)
151 Bieker, Nadine: Erzählanfänge und Erzählschlüsse im Adoleszenzroman (Astrid Henning-Mohr)
153 Blumesberger, Susanne/Seibert, Ernst (Hg.): Kinderliteratur in Wien um 1800 (Michael Stierstorfer)
154 Brons, Patricia/Nickel, Artur /Nicolai, Matthias (Hg.): Kästneriaden zum 120. Geburtstag (Sabine Planka)
156 Dallmann, Christine/Hartung, Anja/Aigner, Alfons /Buchele, Kai-Thorsten (Hg.): Comics. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven aus Theorie und Praxis auf ein Stiefkind der Medienpädagogik (Carolin Führer)
157 Darr, Yael: The Nation and the Child. Nation Building in Hebrew Children’s Literature, 1930–1970 (Susanne Blumesberger)
159 Dingelmaier, Theresia: Das Märchen vom Märchen. Eine kultur- und literaturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung des deutschsprachigen jüdischen Volks- und Kindermärchens (Kurt Franz)
161 Field, Hannah: Playing with the Book. Victorian Movable Picture Books and the Child Reader (Petra Bäni Rigler)
163 Gittinger, Kerstin/ Loidl, Sonja (Hg.): Unter Wölfen. Käthe Recheis – Literatur und Politik (Lena Hoffmann)
164 Giuriato, Davide/Hubmann, Philipp/Schildmann, Mareike (Hg.): Kindheit und Literatur. Konzepte – Poetik – Wissen (Ernst Seibert)
166 Glasenapp, Gabriele von/Pecher, Claudia Maria/Anker, Martin (Hg.): Martin Luther und die Reformation in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Beiträge zur literarhistorischen und literarästhetischen Praxis (Roland Issler)
169 Gruner, Elizabeth Rose: Constructing the Adolescent Reader in Contemporary Young Adult Fiction (Thomas Kullmann)
171 Harde, Roxanne/Kokkola, Lydia (Hg.): The Embodied Child. Readings in Children’s Literature and Culture (Thomas Kullmann)
172 Holzen, Aleta-Amirée von: Maskierte Helden. Zur Doppelidentität in Pulp-Novels und Superheldencomics (Maike Paiska)
174 Hubli, Kathrin: Kunstprojekt (Mumin-)Buch. Tove Janssons prozessuale Ästhetik und materielle Transmission (Ben Dammers)
175 Jantzen, Christoph/ Josting, Petra/Ritter, Michael (Hg.): Ästhetik – Leserbezug – Wirkung. Ansprüche an Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Wandel der Zeit (Nadine Bieker)
177 Jung, Britta C.: Komplexe Lebenswelten – multidirektionale Erinnerungsdiskurse. Jugendliteratur zum Nationalsozialismus, Zweiten Weltkrieg und Holocaust im Spiegel des postmemorialen Wandels (Susanne Blumesberger)
179 Meyer, Christina: Producing Mass Entertainment. The Serial Life of the Yellow Kid (Aleta-Amirée von Holzen)
181 Rox-Helmer, Monika: Der historische Jugendroman als geschichtskulturelle Gattung. Fiktionalisierung von Geschichte und ihr didaktisches Potential (Annette Kliewer)
182 Seidel, Nadine Maria: Adoleszenz, Geschlecht, Identität. Queere Konstruktionen in Romanen nach der Jahrtausendwende (Annette Kliewer)
184 Sonyem, Alain Belmond: Kinder- und Jugendliteratur als Gegendiskurs? Zu Afrikavorstellungen in neueren deutschen und deutschafrikanischen Kinder- und Jugendbüchern (Astrid Henning-Mohr)
186 Sprenger, Karoline: Bertolt Brechts Kinderlyrik. Hintergründe, Analysen und fachdidaktische Perspektiven (Kurt Franz)
188 Uhlig, Bettina/ Lieber, Gabriele/Pieper, Irene (Hg.): Erzählen zwischen Bild und Text (Heinz-Jürgen Kliewer) 190 Van Nahl, Ruth: Jugendkrimis im 21. Jahrhundert. Eine Typologie (Sabine Fuchs)
192 Wietersheim, Annegret von: »Später einmal werde ich es dir erzählen«. Leerstellen in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der 1950er Jahre (Susanne Blumesberger)