Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (141)
- Preprint (36)
- Report (2)
- Review (2)
- Working Paper (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (182)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (182)
Keywords
- LHC (7)
- Breast cancer (4)
- breast cancer (4)
- ALICE (3)
- ALICE experiment (3)
- Depression (3)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (3)
- pp collisions (3)
- Beauty production (2)
- Bipolar disorder (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Diagnostik (2)
- Früherkennung (2)
- Gene expression (2)
- HNSCC (2)
- Mammakarzinom (2)
- Nachsorge (2)
- Richtlinie (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- Single electrons (2)
- Surgery (2)
- diagnosis (2)
- follow‑up (2)
- guideline (2)
- screening (2)
- 18-Hydroxycorticosteron (1)
- 18-OH corticosterone (1)
- 900 GeV (1)
- AChE (1)
- APP (1)
- Active middle ear implants (1)
- Afghanistan (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Amizon (1)
- Amyloid precursor protein (1)
- Anandamide (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Anti-seizure medication (1)
- Antirheumatic agents (1)
- Arteria ophthalmica (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Atoms (1)
- Auditory system (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Biodiversity Data (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Blindness (1)
- Bone conduction devices (1)
- Bone metastases (1)
- Botanical Collections (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- C3M (1)
- C4M (1)
- CA1 (1)
- CCL2 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas (1)
- CVID (1)
- Cell membranes (1)
- Charm physics (1)
- Chemical dispersant (1)
- Child (1)
- Child abuse (1)
- Childhood abuse (1)
- Clinical Trials and Observations (1)
- Clinical genetics (1)
- Clinical variation (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Compact astrophysical objects (1)
- Comparative effectiveness research (1)
- Comparison with QCD (1)
- Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- Compression stocking (1)
- Consensus (1)
- Consensus statement (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Dataset bias (1)
- Deep vein thrombosis (1)
- Dermatomyositis (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnostic markers (1)
- Dialectical behavioural therapy (1)
- Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (1)
- Digital mammography (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- EROD (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Embryo toxicity (1)
- Endocrinology (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) (1)
- Everolimus (1)
- Excitability (1)
- Exilliteratur (1)
- Exilschriftsteller (1)
- Exilverlag (1)
- Exosomes (1)
- Extended donor criteria (1)
- FAV00A (1)
- FDG-PET/CT (1)
- FDM (1)
- Femtoscopy (1)
- Filler (1)
- Forschungsdatenmanagement (1)
- Frailty (1)
- Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1)
- Galaxies and clusters (1)
- General practitioners (1)
- Genetic wildlife monitoring (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- German PID-NET registry (1)
- Glabella (1)
- Global positioning system (1)
- Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (1)
- Guanosine triphosphatase (1)
- HBT (1)
- HDAC4 (1)
- HER2-positive (1)
- HPV-positive OPSCC (1)
- Hadron production (1)
- Hair sampling (1)
- Head and neck cancer (1)
- Head neck cancer (1)
- Health policy (1)
- Heavy Ions (1)
- Heavy flavor production (1)
- Heavy flavour production (1)
- Heavy ions (1)
- Heavy-flavour production (1)
- Heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Heinzen, Karl (1)
- Herbaria (1)
- High-energy astrophysics (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- IN-VIVO (1)
- IS (1)
- IgG substitution therapy (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- In situ burning (1)
- Inclusive spectra (1)
- Induction therapy (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Intensity interferometry (1)
- Intravenous injections (1)
- Ions (1)
- Irak (1)
- Islamischer Staat (1)
- Jets (1)
- Kidney diseases (1)
- Knockout (1)
- LOCKED NUCLEIC-ACID (1)
- Landesinitiative (1)
- Landesinitiative für Forschungsdatenmanagement (1)
- Lee-type (1)
- Library screening (1)
- Literarisches Institut (Herisau) (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- Lure sticks (1)
- Lymphoid Neoplasia (1)
- MAMMALIAN-CELLS (1)
- MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (1)
- Marker genes (1)
- Mental health and psychiatry (1)
- MicroRNAs (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microglial cells (1)
- Mid-rapidity (1)
- Mixed hearing loss (1)
- Mott metal-insulator transition (1)
- Mouse models (1)
- Multi-stakeholder approach (1)
- Multi-strange baryons (1)
- NCoR1 (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies (1)
- NMDA antibody (1)
- Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (1)
- Nebennierenrinden-Adenom (1)
- Nebennierenrinden-Hyperplasie (1)
- Neoadjuvant therapy (1)
- Neuronal morphology (1)
- Neurons (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Noninvasive genetic sampling (1)
- Nuclear modification factor (1)
- Occlusion (1)
- Oldest-old (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Ophthalmoplegia (1)
- Optogenetics (1)
- Organ allocation (1)
- PASSENGER-STRAND (1)
- PID prevalence (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Pancreas transplantation (1)
- Parkinson disease (1)
- Pathological complete response (1)
- Patterns of care (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Perturbative methods (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Pooling (1)
- Population-based screening (1)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- Proton–proton (1)
- Psychological and psychosocial issues (1)
- Pulmonary embolism (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- RDM (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Randomised controlled trial (1)
- Recall rate (1)
- Red blood cell transfusion (1)
- Referenzwechsel (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Rejection (1)
- Relativistic heavy ion physics (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research Infrastructure (1)
- Retinal diseases (1)
- Revolution <1848> (1)
- Rhabdomyoma (1)
- SENP (1)
- SMALL INTERFERING RNA (1)
- STRUCTURAL BASIS (1)
- SUMO (1)
- Salivary gland carcinoma (1)
- Scattering of atoms, molecules, clusters & ions (1)
- Scattering theory (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Seizure (1)
- Semantics (1)
- Single muons (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Spine density (1)
- Sprachtypologie (1)
- Swimming behavior (1)
- Synaptic plasticity (1)
- Syrien (1)
- TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 (1)
- TGIF (1)
- Taliban (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Technical data (1)
- Tetrahydro-Aldosteron (1)
- Therapeutics (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Triple negative (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- Venous thromboembolism (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- adrenal adenomas (1)
- anaemia (1)
- anterior chamber depth changes (1)
- antibiotic therapy (1)
- antibodies (1)
- apex (1)
- ascites (1)
- autoantibodies (1)
- b-cell lymphomas (1)
- bendamustine (1)
- biopsy (1)
- cardiac I/R injury (1)
- cataract surgery (1)
- cetuximab (1)
- charge-cluster glass (1)
- chemotherapy regimen (1)
- chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy (1)
- chimeric antigen receptors (1)
- collagen degradation marker (1)
- combined modality therapy (1)
- dentate gyrus (1)
- diabetic macular edema (1)
- dislocation (1)
- double immune checkpoint inhibition (1)
- e-scooter (1)
- effective lens position (1)
- elderly patients (1)
- electric scooter (1)
- fear conditioning (1)
- fluctuation spectroscopy (1)
- fluocinolone acetonide (1)
- fracture (1)
- functional outcome (1)
- glass-like structural ordering (1)
- head and neck neoplasms (1)
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- imaging (1)
- immunoprecipitation (1)
- immunostaining (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- in situ hybridization (1)
- induction therapy (1)
- lapatinib (1)
- laser microdissection (1)
- learning (1)
- leukapheresis (1)
- liver cirrhosis (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- mTOR inhibitor (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (1)
- membranous urethra (1)
- memory consolidation and extinction (1)
- microdosing (1)
- mid-term urinary continence (1)
- molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- neoadjuvant therapy (1)
- neutralizing antibodies (1)
- organ preservation (1)
- organic charge-transfer salts (1)
- papilloma (1)
- percolation (1)
- primary aldosteronism (1)
- primary biliary cholangitis (1)
- primary immunodeficiency (PID) (1)
- primärer Hyperaldosteronismus (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- proteomics (1)
- pseudoexfoliative syndrome (1)
- radical prostatectomy (1)
- re-irradiation (1)
- registry for primary immunodeficiency (1)
- rituximab (1)
- screening routine (1)
- second line therapy (1)
- spectra (1)
- spike protein (1)
- surgery (1)
- tetrahydroaldosterone (1)
- traffic accident (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (1)
- transportation (1)
- trastuzumab (1)
- traumatic brain injury (1)
- treatment response (1)
- ursodeoxycholic acid (1)
- variants of concern (1)
- western blotting (1)
- √sN N = 2.76 TeV (1)
Institute
- Physik (83)
- Medizin (71)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (69)
- Informatik (68)
- Geowissenschaften (7)
- Biowissenschaften (5)
- Biochemie und Chemie (4)
- Psychologie (3)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (3)
- ELEMENTS (2)
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used as a therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry. While repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) has been shown to induce plasticity of excitatory synapses, it is unclear whether rMS can also modify structural and functional properties of inhibitory inputs. Here we employed 10-Hz rMS of entorhinohippocampal slice cultures to study plasticity of inhibitory neurotransmission on CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our experiments reveal a rMS-induced reduction in GABAergic synaptic strength (2–4 h after stimulation), which is Ca2+-dependent and accompanied by the remodelling of postsynaptic gephyrin scaffolds. Furthermore, we present evidence that 10-Hz rMS predominantly acts on dendritic, but not somatic inhibition. Consistent with this finding, a reduction in clustered gephyrin is detected in CA1 stratum radiatum of rTMS-treated anaesthetized mice. These results disclose that rTMS induces coordinated Ca2+-dependent structural and functional changes of specific inhibitory postsynapses on principal neurons.
Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a mild to severe respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While control of the SARS-CoV-2 spread partly depends on vaccine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity, antiviral strategies are still needed to manage COVID-19. Enisamium is an inhibitor of influenza A and B viruses in cell culture and clinically approved in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In vitro, enisamium acts through metabolite VR17-04 and inhibits the activity of the influenza A virus RNA polymerase. Here we show that enisamium can inhibit coronavirus infections in NHBE and Caco-2 cells, and the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in vitro. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations provide insight into the mechanism of action and indicate that enisamium metabolite VR17-04 prevents GTP and UTP incorporation. Overall, these results suggest that enisamium is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis in vitro.
Background: The focus of this study is to identify particular microRNA (miRNA) signatures in exosomes derived from plasma of 435 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative (TN) subtypes of breast cancer (BC).
Methods: First, miRNA expression profiles were determined in exosomes derived from the plasma of 15 TNBC patients before neoadjuvant therapy using a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR-based microRNA array card containing 384 different miRNAs. Forty-five miRNAs associated with different clinical parameters were then selected and mounted on microRNA array cards that served for the quantification of exosomal miRNAs in 435 BC patients before therapy and 20 healthy women. Confocal microscopy, Western blot, and ELISA were used for exosome characterization.
Results: Quantification of 45 exosomal miRNAs showed that compared with healthy women, 10 miRNAs in the entire cohort of BC patients, 13 in the subgroup of 211 HER2-positive BC, and 17 in the subgroup of 224 TNBC were significantly deregulated. Plasma levels of 18 exosomal miRNAs differed between HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes, and 9 miRNAs of them also differed from healthy women. Exosomal miRNAs were significantly associated with the clinicopathological and risk factors. In uni- and multivariate models, miR-155 (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively) and miR-301 (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively) best predicted pathological complete response (pCR).
Conclusion: Our findings show a network of deregulated exosomal miRNAs with specific expression patterns in exosomes of HER2-positive and TNBC patients that are also associated with clinicopathological parameters and pCR within each BC subtype.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the virtual reality training simulator Eyesi to prepare surgeons for performing pars plana vitrectomies and its potential to predict the surgeons’ performance.
Methods: In a preparation phase, four participating vitreoretinal surgeons performed repeated simulator training with predefined tasks. If a surgeon was assigned to perform a vitrectomy for the management of complex retinal detachment after a surgical break of at least 60 hours it was randomly decided whether a warmup training on the simulator was required (n = 9) or not (n = 12). Performance at the simulator was measured using the built-in scoring metrics. The surgical performance was determined by two blinded observers who analyzed the video-recorded interventions. One of them repeated the analysis to check for intra-observer consistency. The surgical performance of the interventions with and without simulator training was compared. In addition, for the surgeries with simulator training, the simulator performance was compared to the performance in the operating room.
Results: Comparing each surgeon’s performance with and without warmup trainingshowed a significant effect of warmup training onto the final outcome in the operating room. For the surgeries that were preceeded by the warmup procedure, the performance at the simulator was compared with the operating room performance. We found that there is a significant relation. The governing factor of low scores in the simulator were iatrogenic retinal holes, bleedings and lens damage. Surgeons who caused minor damage in the simulation also performed well in the operating room.
Conclusions: Despite the large variation of conditions, the effect of a warmup training as well as a relation between the performance at the simulator and in the operating room was found with statistical significance. Simulator training is able to serve as a warmup to increase the average performance.
Purpose: There are little or no published data comparing the outcomes of ILUVIEN® (0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide [FAc]) and OZURDEX® (0.7 mg dexamethasone [DEX]) implants in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), and this case sought to compare their outcomes.
Methods: This case was extracted from a monocentric audit involving a pool of 25 patients (33 eyes) with DME and treated with a single FAc implant between October 2013 and December 2016. This case, a 61-year-old male with a pseudophakic lens, is from a patient that had received 4 intravitreal injections of a DEX implant prior to FAc implant and then was monitored for 3 years until re-treatment with a second FAc implant. Parameters measured included visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Results: After the DEX implants, CRT transiently improved. In March 2014, the decision was taken to administer an FAc implant, and this led to a reduction in CRT below 300 µm (from a baseline of 748 µm), and this was sustained for 30 months. VA remained above 65 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters to month 36, after which time a second FAc implant (in April 2017) was administered due to recurrence of edema and CRT decreased to below 300 µm and VA improved to 70 letters. Side effects included elevated IOP, which was effectively managed with IOP-lowering drops.
Conclusion: A single injection of FAc implant led to sustained improvements in CRT and VA that lasted for between 30 and 36 months, which is in contrast to the DEX implant where re-treatment was generally required within 6–7 months. After 36 months, re-treatment with the FAc implant again led to improved VA and CRT, and responses that were similar to those achieved with the first FAc implant.
Treatment options of locoregional recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) include both local strategies as surgery or re-radiotherapy and systemic therapy. In this prospective, multi-center, non-interventional study, patients were treated either with platinum-based chemotherapy and cetuximab (CT + Cet) or re-radiotherapy and cetuximab (RT + Cet). In the current analysis, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared in patients with locoregional recurrence. Four hundred seventy patients were registered in 97 German centers. After exclusion of patients with distant metastases, a cohort of 192 patients was analyzed (129 CT + Cet, 63 RT + Cet). Radiotherapy was delivered as re-irradiation to 70% of the patients. The mean radiation dose was 51.8 Gy, whereas a radiation dose of ≥60 Gy was delivered in 33% of the patients. Chemotherapy mainly consisted of cisplatin/5-flurouracil (40%) or carboplatin/5-flurouracil (29%). The median PFS was 9.2 months in the RT + Cet group versus 5.1 months in the CT + Cet group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.27–0.57, p < 0.0001). Median OS was 12.8 months in the RT + Cet group versus 7.9 months in the CT + Cet group (hazard ratio for death, 0.50, 95% CI, 0.33–0.75, p = 0.0008). In conclusion, radiotherapy combined with cetuximab improved survival compared to chemotherapy combined with cetuximab in locally recurrent HNSCC.
Purpose: To compare the effective lens position (ELP), anterior chamber depth (ACD) changes, and visual outcomes in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) after cataract surgery.
Design: Prospective, randomized, fellow-eye controlled clinical case series.
Methods: This prospective comparative case series enrolled 56 eyes of 56 consecutive patients with (n = 28) or without PEX (n = 28) and clinically significant cataract who underwent standard phacoemulsification and were implanted with single-piece acrylic posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs). The primary outcome parameters were the ACD referring to the distance between the corneal anterior surface and the lens anterior surface, which is an indicator of the postoperative axial position of the IOL (the so-called ELP) and distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA).
Results: Before surgery, the ACD was 2.54 ± 0.42 mm in the PEX group and 2.53 ± 0.38 mm in the control group (p = 0.941). Postoperatively, the ACD was 4.29 ± 0.71 mm in the PEX group and 4.33 ± 0.72 mm in the normal group, respectively (p = 0.533). There was no significant difference in ACD changes between groups (PEX group: 1.75 ± 0.74 mm, control group: 1.81 ± 0.61 mm, p = 0.806) and DCVA pre- (p = 0.469) and postoperatively (PEX group: 0.11 ± 0.13 logMAR, control group: 0.09 ± 0.17 logMAR, p = 0.245) between groups.
Conclusion: Preoperative and postoperative ACD, as an indicator of ELP, between PEX eyes and healthy eyes after cataract surgery showed no significant difference. Phacoemulsification induced similar changes in eyes with PEX compared to healthy eyes.
Activated SUMOylation restricts MHC class I antigen presentation to confer immune evasion in cancer
(2022)
Activated SUMOylation is a hallmark of cancer. Starting from a targeted screening for SUMO-regulated immune evasion mechanisms, we identified an evolutionarily conserved function of activated SUMOylation, which attenuated the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Activated SUMOylation allowed cancer cells to evade CD8+ T cell–mediated immunosurveillance by suppressing the MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen-processing and presentation machinery (APM). Loss of the MHC-I APM is a frequent cause of resistance to cancer immunotherapies, and the pharmacological inhibition of SUMOylation (SUMOi) resulted in reduced activity of the transcriptional repressor scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) and induction of the MHC-I APM. Consequently, SUMOi enhanced the presentation of antigens and the susceptibility of tumor cells to CD8+ T cell–mediated killing. Importantly, SUMOi also triggered the activation of CD8+ T cells and thereby drove a feed-forward loop amplifying the specific antitumor immune response. In summary, we showed that activated SUMOylation allowed tumor cells to evade antitumor immunosurveillance, and we have expanded the understanding of SUMOi as a rational therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
Epigenetic silencing of transgene expression represents a major obstacle for the efficient genetic modification of multipotent and pluripotent stem cells. We and others have demonstrated that a 1.5 kb methylation-free CpG island from the human HNRPA2B1-CBX3 housekeeping genes (A2UCOE) effectively prevents transgene silencing and variegation in cell lines, multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, and their differentiated progeny. However, the bidirectional promoter activity of this element may disturb expression of neighboring genes. Furthermore, the epigenetic basis underlying the anti-silencing effect of the UCOE on juxtaposed promoters has been only partially explored. In this study we removed the HNRPA2B1 moiety from the A2UCOE and demonstrate efficient anti-silencing properties also for a minimal 0.7 kb element containing merely the CBX3 promoter. This DNA element largely prevents silencing of viral and tissue-specific promoters in multipotent and pluripotent stem cells. The protective activity of CBX3 was associated with reduced promoter CpG-methylation, decreased levels of repressive and increased levels of active histone marks. Moreover, the anti-silencing effect of CBX3 was locally restricted and when linked to tissue-specific promoters did not activate transcription in off target cells. Thus, CBX3 is a highly attractive element for sustained, tissue-specific and copy-number dependent transgene expression in vitro and in vivo.
The process of electron-loss to the continuum (ELC) has been studied for the collision systems U28++H2 at a collision energy of 50 MeV/u, U28++N2 at 30 MeV/u, and U28++Xe at 50 MeV/u. The energy distributions of cusp electrons emitted at an angle of 0∘ with respect to the projectile beam were measured using a magnetic forward-angle electron spectrometer. For these collision systems far from equilibrium charge state, a significantly asymmetric cusp shape is observed. The experimental results are compared to calculations based on first-order perturbation theory, which predict an almost symmetric cusp shape. Some possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Background; Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) cover a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a lack of data of high-level evidence.
Methods; Clinical data of 127 patients treated for SGC at a university cancer center between 2002 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The association of clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, adverse events, and outcome was assessed.
Results: Patients received surgery (n = 65), surgery followed by (chemo-)radiotherapy (n = 56), or primary (chemo-)radiotherapy (n = 6). Injury to the cranial nerves or their branches was the most frequent surgical complication affecting 40 patients (33.1%). Ten year overall and progression-free survival rates were 73.2% and 65.4%, respectively. Parotid tumor site, advanced tumor, and positive nodal stage remained independent negative prognostic factors for overall survival, loco-regional and distant tumor control in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Optimizing treatment strategies for SGC, depending on distinct clinicopathological factors, remains challenging due to the low incidence rates of the disease.
The transcription factor Meis1 drives myeloid leukemogenesis in the context of Hox gene overexpression but is currently considered undruggable. We therefore investigated whether myeloid progenitor cells transformed by Hoxa9 and Meis1 become addicted to targetable signaling pathways. A comprehensive (phospho)proteomic analysis revealed that Meis1 increased Syk protein expression and activity. Syk upregulation occurs through a Meis1-dependent feedback loop. By dissecting this loop, we show that Syk is a direct target of miR-146a, whose expression is indirectly regulated by Meis1 through the transcription factor PU.1. In the context of Hoxa9 overexpression, Syk signaling induces Meis1, recapitulating several leukemogenic features of Hoxa9/Meis1-driven leukemia. Finally, Syk inhibition disrupts the identified regulatory loop, prolonging survival of mice with Hoxa9/Meis1-driven leukemia.
Background and aims: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of decompensated cirrhosis. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in patients with cirrhosis is increasing. Identification of patients at risk for SBP due to MDROs (ie, SBP with the evidence of MDROs or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in ascitic culture, MDRO-SBP) is crucial to the early adaptation of antibiotic treatment in such patients. We therefore investigated whether MDROs found in ascitic cultures can also be found in specimens determined by noninvasive screening procedures.
Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the liver center of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany. Between 2011 and 2016, patients with cirrhosis were included upon diagnosis of SBP and sample collection of aerobic/anaerobic ascitic cultures. Furthermore, the performance of at least one complete MDRO screening was mandatory for study inclusion.
Results: Of 133 patients diagnosed with SBP, 75 (56.4%) had culture-positive SBP and 22 (16.5%) had MDRO-SBP. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (10/22; 45.5%) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (7/22; 36.4%) resembled the major causatives of MDRO-SBP. Rectal swabs identified MDROs in 17 of 22 patients (77.3%) who developed MDRO-SBP with a time-dependent sensitivity of 77% and 87% after 30 and 90 days upon testing, while negative predictive value was 83% and 76%, respectively. The majority of patients were included from intensive care unit or intermediate care unit.
Conclusion: MDRO screening may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk for MDRO-SBP. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis should be screened for MDROs from the first day of inpatient treatment onward.
SUMOylation is a reversible posttranslational modification pathway catalyzing the conjugation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins to lysine residues of distinct target proteins. SUMOylation modifies a wide variety of cellular regulators thereby affecting a multitude of key processes in a highly dynamic manner. The SUMOylation pathway displays a hallmark in cellular stress-adaption, such as heat or redox stress. It has been proposed that enhanced cellular SUMOylation protects the brain during ischemia, however, little is known about the specific regulation of the SUMO system and the potential target proteins during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury (I/R). By applying left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation and reperfusion in mice, we detect dynamic changes in the overall cellular SUMOylation pattern correlating with decreased SUMO deconjugase activity during I/R injury. Further, unbiased system-wide quantitative SUMO-proteomics identified a sub-group of SUMO targets exhibiting significant alterations in response to cardiac I/R. Notably, transcription factors that control hypoxia- and angiogenesis-related gene expression programs, exhibit altered SUMOylation during ischemic stress adaptation. Moreover, several components of the ubiquitin proteasome system undergo dynamic changes in SUMO conjugation during cardiac I/R suggesting an involvement of SUMO signaling in protein quality control and proteostasis in the ischemic heart. Altogether, our study reveals regulated candidate SUMO target proteins in the mouse heart, which might be important in coping with hypoxic/proteotoxic stress during cardiac I/R injury.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.
From July 2002 to March 2004 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Space Agency´s Environmental Satellite (Envisat) measured nearly continuously mid infrared limb radiance spectra. These measurements are utilised to retrieve the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 by applying a new fast forward model for Envisat MIPAS and an accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. A detailed analysis shows that the total retrieval errors of the individual CFC-11 volume mixing ratios are typically below 10% in the altitude range 10 to 25 km and that the systematic components dominate. Contribution of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5 to 10% and the vertical resolution of the observations is about 3 to 4 km in the same vertical range. The data are successfully validated by comparison with several other space experiments, an air-borne in-situ instrument, measurements from ground-based networks, and independent Envisat MIPAS analyses. The retrieval results from 425 000 Envisat MIPAS limb scans are compiled to provide a new climatological data set of CFC-11. The climatology shows significantly lower CFC-11 abundances in the lower stratosphere compared with the Reference Atmospheres for MIPAS (RAMstan V3.1) climatology. Depending on the atmospheric conditions the differences between the climatologies are up to 30 to 110 ppt (45 to 150%) at 19 to 27 km altitude. Additionally, time series of CFC-11 mean abundance and variability for five latitudinal bands are presented. The observed CFC-11 distributions can be explained by the residual mean circulation and large-scale eddy-transports in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The new CFC-11 data set is well suited for further scientific studies.
Background: Perioperative anaemia leads to impaired oxygen supply with a risk of vital organ ischaemia. In healthy and fit individuals, anaemia can be compensated by several mechanisms. Elderly patients, however, have less compensatory mechanisms because of multiple co-morbidities and age-related decline of functional reserves. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether elderly surgical patients may benefit from a liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy compared to a restrictive transfusion strategy.
Methods: The LIBERAL Trial is a prospective, randomized, multicentre, controlled clinical phase IV trial randomising 2470 elderly (≥ 70 years) patients undergoing intermediate- or high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Registered patients will be randomised only if Haemoglobin (Hb) reaches ≤9 g/dl during surgery or within 3 days after surgery either to the LIBERAL group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 9 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 9–10.5 g/dl) or the RESTRICTIVE group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 7.5 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 7.5–9 g/dl). The intervention per patient will be followed until hospital discharge or up to 30 days after surgery, whichever occurs first. The primary efficacy outcome is defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischaemic stroke, acute kidney injury (stage III), acute mesenteric ischaemia and acute peripheral vascular ischaemia within 90 days after surgery. Infections requiring iv antibiotics with re-hospitalisation are assessed as important secondary endpoint. The primary endpoint will be analysed by logistic regression adjusting for age, cancer surgery (y/n), type of surgery (intermediate- or high-risk), and incorporating centres as random effect.
Discussion: The LIBERAL-Trial will evaluate whether a liberal transfusion strategy reduces the occurrence of major adverse events after non-cardiac surgery in the geriatric population compared to a restrictive strategy within 90 days after surgery.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03369210).
Chlorine monoxide (ClO) plays a key role in stratospheric ozone loss processes at midlatitudes. We present two balloonborne in situ measurements of ClO conducted in northern hemisphere midlatitudes during the period of the maximum of total inorganic chlorine loading in the atmosphere. Both ClO measurements were conducted on board the TRIPLE balloon payload, launched in November 1996 in Le´on, Spain, and in May 1999 in Aire sur l’Adour, France. For both flights a ClO daylight and night time vertical profile could be derived over an altitude range of approximately 15–31 km. ClO mixing ratios are compared to model simulations performed with the photochemical box model version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). Simulations along 24-h backward trajectories were performed to study the diurnal variation of ClO in the midlatitude lower stratosphere. Model simulations for the flight launched in Aire sur l’Adour 1999 show a good agreement with the ClO measurements. For the flight launched in Le´on 1996, a similar good agreement is found, except at around ~ 650 K potential temperature (~26km altitude). However, a tendency is found that for solar zenith angles greater than 86°–87° the simulated ClO mixing ratios substantially overestimate measured ClO by approximately a factor of 2.5 or more for both flights. Therefore we conclude that no indication can be deduced from the presented ClO measurements that substantial uncertainties exist in midlatitude chlorine chemistry of the stratosphere. An exception is the situation at solar zenith angles greater than 86°–87° where model simulations substantial overestimate ClO observations.