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Stenzinger, Albrecht ; Endris, Volker ; Pfarr, Nicole ; Andrulis, Mindaugas ; Jöhrens, Korinna ; Klauschen, Frederick ; Siebolts, Udo ; Wolf, Thomas ; Koch, Philipp-Sebastian ; Schulz, Miriam ; Hartschuh, Wolfgang ; Goerdt, Sergij ; Lennerz, Jochen K. ; Wickenhauser, Claudia ; Klapper, Wolfram ; Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis ; Weichert, Wilko
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare haematopoietic malignancy characterized by dismal prognosis and overall poor therapeutic response. Since the biology of BPDCN is barely understood, our study aims to shed light on the genetic make-up of these highly malignant tumors. Using targeted high-coverage massive parallel sequencing, we investigated 50 common cancer genes in 33 BPDCN samples. We detected point mutations in NRAS (27.3% of cases), ATM (21.2%), MET, KRAS, IDH2, KIT (9.1% each), APC and RB1 (6.1% each), as well as in VHL, BRAF, MLH1, TP53 and RET (3% each). Moreover, NRAS, KRAS and ATM mutations were found to be mutually exclusive and we observed recurrent mutations in NRAS, IDH2, APC and ATM. CDKN2A deletions were detected in 27.3% of the cases followed by deletions of RB1 (9.1%), PTEN and TP53 (3% each). The mutual exclusive distribution of some mutations may point to different subgroups of BPDCN whose biological significance remains to be explored.
Medema, Marnix H. ; Kottmann, Renzo ; Yilmaz, Pelin ; Cummings, Matthew ; Biggins, John B. ; Kai, Blin ; de Bruijn, Irene ; Chooi, Yit Heng ; Claesen, Jan ; Coates, R. Cameron ; Cruz-Morales, Pablo ; Duddela, Srikanth ; Düsterhus, Stephanie ; Edwards, Daniel J. ; Fewer, David P. ; Garg, Neha ; Geiger, Christoph ; Gomez-Escribano, Juan Pablo ; Greule, Anja ; Hadjithomas, Michalis ; Haines, Anthony S. ; Helfrich, Eric J. N. ; Hillwig, Matthew L. ; Ishida, Keishi ; Jones, Adam C. ; Jones, Carla S. ; Jungmann, Katrin ; Kegler, Carsten ; Kim, Hyun Uk ; Kötter, Peter ; Krug, Daniel ; Masschelein, Joleen ; Melnik, Alexey V. ; Mantovan, Simone M. ; Monroe, Emily A. ; Moore, Marcus ; Moss, Nathan ; Nützmann, Hans-Wilhelm ; Pan, Guohui ; Pati, Amrita ; Petras, Daniel ; Reen, F. Jerry ; Rosconi, Federico ; Rui, Zhe ; Tian, Zhenhua ; Tobias, Nicholas J. ; Tsunematsu, Yuta ; Wiemann, Philipp ; Wyckoff, Elizabeth ; Yan, Xiaohui ; Yim, Grace ; Yu, Fengan ; Xie, Yunchang ; Aigle, Bertrand ; Apel, Alexander K. ; Balibar, Carl J. ; Balskus, Emily P. ; Barona-Gómez, Francisco ; Bechthold, Andreas ; Bode, Helge Björn ; Borriss, Rainer ; Brady, Sean F. ; Brakhage, Axel A. ; Caffrey, Patrick ; Cheng, Yi-Qiang ; Clardy, Jon ; Cox, Russell J. ; De Mot, René ; Donadio, Stefano ; Donia, Mohamed S. ; van der Donk, Wilfred A. ; Dorrestein, Pieter C. ; Doyle, Sean ; Driessen, Arnold J. M. ; Ehling-Schulz, Monika ; Entian, Karl-Dieter ; Fischbach, Michael A. ; Gerwick, Lena ; Gerwick, William H. ; Gross, Harald ; Gust, Bertolt ; Hertweck, Christian ; Höfte, Monica ; Jensen, Susan E. ; Ju, Jianhua ; Katz, Leonard ; Kaysser, Leonard ; Klassen, Jonathan L. ; Keller, Nancy P. ; Kormanec, Jan ; Kuipers, Oscar P. ; Kuzuyama, Tomohisa ; Kyrpides, Nikos C. ; Kwon, Hyung-Jin ; Lautru, Sylvie ; Lavigne, Rob ; Lee, Chia Y. ; Linquan, Bai ; Liu, Xinyu ; Liu, Wen ; Luzhetskyy, Andriy ; Mahmud, Taifo ; Mast, Yvonne ; Méndez, Carmen ; Metsä-Ketelä, Mikko ; Micklefield, Jason ; Mitchell, Douglas A. ; Moore, Bradley S. ; Moreira, Leonilde M. ; Müller, Rolf ; Neilan, Brett A. ; Nett, Markus ; Nielsen, Jens ; O’Gara, Fergal ; Oikawa, Hideaki ; Osbourn, Anne ; Osburne, Marcia S. ; Ostash, Bohdan ; Payne, Shelley M. ; Pernodet, Jean-Luc ; Petricek, Miroslav ; Piel, Jörn ; Ploux, Olivier ; Raaijmakers, Jos M. ; Salas, José A. ; Schmitt, Esther K. ; Scott, Barry ; Seipke, Ryan F. ; Shen, Ben ; Sherman, David H. ; Sivonen, Kaarina ; Smanski, Michael J. ; Sosio, Margherita ; Stegmann, Evi ; Süssmuth, Roderich D. ; Tahlan, Kapil ; Thomas, Christopher M. ; Tang, Yi ; Truman, Andrew W. ; Viaud, Muriel ; Walton, Jonathan D. ; Walsh, Christopher T. ; Weber, Tilmann ; van Wezel, Gilles P. ; Wilkinson, Barrie ; Willey, Joanne M. ; Wohlleben, Wolfgang ; Wright, Gerard D. ; Ziemert, Nadine ; Zhang, Changsheng ; Zotchev, Sergey B. ; Breitling, Rainer ; Takano, Eriko ; Glöckner, Frank Oliver
A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.
Lal, Dennis ; Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin ; Trucks, Holger ; Schulz, Herbert ; Kovel, Carolien G. de ; Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Dorothée G. ; Sonsma, Anja C. M. ; Koeleman, Bobby P. ; Lindhout, Dick ; Weber, Yvonne G. ; Lerche, Holger ; Kapser, Claudia ; Schankin, Christoph Josef ; Kunz, Wolfram S. ; Surges, Rainer ; Elger, Christian Erich ; Gaus, Verena ; Schmitz, Bettina ; Helbig, Ingo ; Muhle, Hiltrud ; Stephani, Ulrich ; Klein, Karl Martin ; Rosenow, Felix ; Neubauer, Bernd Axel ; Reinthaler, Eva Maria ; Zimprich, Fritz ; Feucht, Martha ; Møller, Rikke S. ; Hjalgrim, Helle ; Jonghe, Peter De ; Suls, Arvid ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Franke, Andre ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Gieger, Christian ; Schurmann, Claudia ; Schminke, Ulf ; Nürnberg, Peter ; Sander, Thomas
Genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) is the most common form of genetic epilepsy, accounting for 20% of all epilepsies. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) constitute important genetic risk factors of common GGE syndromes. In our present genome-wide burden analysis, large (≥ 400 kb) and rare (< 1%) autosomal microdeletions with high calling confidence (≥ 200 markers) were assessed by the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array in European case-control cohorts of 1,366 GGE patients and 5,234 ancestry-matched controls. We aimed to: 1) assess the microdeletion burden in common GGE syndromes, 2) estimate the relative contribution of recurrent microdeletions at genomic rearrangement hotspots and non-recurrent microdeletions, and 3) identify potential candidate genes for GGE. We found a significant excess of microdeletions in 7.3% of GGE patients compared to 4.0% in controls (P = 1.8 x 10-7; OR = 1.9). Recurrent microdeletions at seven known genomic hotspots accounted for 36.9% of all microdeletions identified in the GGE cohort and showed a 7.5-fold increased burden (P = 2.6 x 10-17) relative to controls. Microdeletions affecting either a gene previously implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (P = 8.0 x 10-18, OR = 4.6) or an evolutionarily conserved brain-expressed gene related to autism spectrum disorder (P = 1.3 x 10-12, OR = 4.1) were significantly enriched in the GGE patients. Microdeletions found only in GGE patients harboured a high proportion of genes previously associated with epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders (NRXN1, RBFOX1, PCDH7, KCNA2, EPM2A, RORB, PLCB1). Our results demonstrate that the significantly increased burden of large and rare microdeletions in GGE patients is largely confined to recurrent hotspot microdeletions and microdeletions affecting neurodevelopmental genes, suggesting a strong impact of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes in the pathogenesis of common GGE syndromes.
No association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against NMDA-type glutamate receptors
(2019)
Hopfner, Franziska ; Müller, Stefanie H. ; Steppat, Dagmar ; Miller, Joanna ; Schmidt, Nele ; Wandinger, Klaus-Peter ; Leypoldt, Frank ; Berg, Daniela ; Franke, Andre ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Tittmann, Lukas ; Balzer-Geldsetzer, Monika ; Baudrexel, Simon ; Dodel, Richard ; Hilker-Roggendorf, Rüdiger ; Kalbe, Elke ; Kassubek, Jan ; Klockgether, Thomas ; Liepelt-Scarfone, Inga ; Mollenhauer, Brit ; Neuser, Petra ; Reetz, Kathrin ; Riedel, Oliver ; Schulte, Claudia ; Schulz, Jörg B. ; Spottke, Annika ; Storch, Alexander ; Trenkwalder, Claudia ; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich ; Witt, Karsten ; Wüllner, Ullrich ; Deuschl, Günther ; Kuhlenbäumer, Gregor
Background: IgG-class autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune encephalitis. Studies examining the prevalence of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting results. We measured NMDA antibodies in a large, well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment (n = 296) and controls (n = 295) free of neuropsychiatric disease. Detailed phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment.
Methods: NMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated assays. We used anti-NMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic characteristics.
Results: The frequency of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients (13%) than in controls (22%) and higher than in previous studies in both groups. NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies were neither significantly associated with diagnostic subclasses of Parkinson disease according to cognitive impairment, nor with quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment. A positive NMDA antibody status was positively correlated with age in controls but not in Parkinson patients.
Conclusion: It is unlikely albeit not impossible that NMDA antibodies play a significant role in the pathogenesis or progression of Parkinson disease e.g. to Parkinson disease with dementia, while NMDA IgG antibodies define a separate disease of its own.
Schulz, Martin ; Graefe, Thomas ; Stuby, Klaus ; Andresen, Hilke ; Kupfermann, Nikolai ; Schmoldt, Achim
Introduction: Intoxications with carbachol, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist are rare. We report an interesting case investigating a (near) fatal poisoning. Methods: The son of an 84-year-old male discovered a newspaper report stating clinical success with plant extracts in Alzheimer's disease. The mode of action was said to be comparable to that of the synthetic compound 'carbamylcholin'; that is, carbachol. He bought 25 g of carbachol as pure substance in a pharmacy, and the father was administered 400 to 500 mg. Carbachol concentrations in serum and urine on day 1 and 2 of hospital admission were analysed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Results: Minutes after oral administration, the patient developed nausea, sweating and hypotension, and finally collapsed. Bradycardia, cholinergic symptoms and asystole occurred. Initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation and immediate treatment with adrenaline (epinephrine), atropine and furosemide was successful. On hospital admission, blood pressure of the intubated, bradyarrhythmic patient was 100/65 mmHg. Further signs were hyperhidrosis, hypersalivation, bronchorrhoea, and severe miosis; the electrocardiographic finding was atrio-ventricular dissociation. High doses of atropine (up to 50 mg per 24 hours), adrenaline and dopamine were necessary. The patient was extubated 1 week later. However, increased dyspnoea and bronchospasm necessitated reintubation. Respiratory insufficiency was further worsened by Proteus mirabilis infection and severe bronchoconstriction. One week later, the patient was again extubated and 3 days later was transferred to a peripheral ward. On the next day he died, probably as a result of heart failure. Serum samples from the first and second days contained 3.6 and 1.9 mg/l carbachol, respectively. The corresponding urine concentrations amounted to 374 and 554 mg/l. Conclusion: This case started with a media report in a popular newspaper, initiated by published, peer-reviewed research on herbals, and involved human failure in a case history, medical examination and clinical treatment. For the first time, an analytical method for the determination of carbachol in plasma and urine has been developed. The analysed carbachol concentration exceeded the supposed serum level resulting from a therapeutic dose by a factor of 130 to 260. Especially in old patients, intensivists should consider intoxications (with cholinergics) as a cause of acute cardiovascular failure.
Improved integration of single cell transcriptome data demonstrated on heart failure in mice and men
(2023)
Ruz Jurado, Mariano ; Tombor, Lukas ; Arsalan, Mani ; Holubec, Tomas ; Emrich, Fabian Christoph ; Walther, Thomas ; Zeiher, Andreas M. ; Schulz, Marcel Holger ; Dimmeler, Stefanie ; John, David
Biomedical research frequently uses murine models to study disease mechanisms. However, the translation of these findings to human disease remains a significant challenge. In order to improve the comparability of mouse and human data, we present a cross-species integration pipeline for single-cell transcriptomic assays.
The pipeline merges expression matrices and assigns clear orthologous relationships. Starting from Ensembl ortholog assignments, we allocated 82% of mouse genes to unique orthologs by using additional publicly available resources such as Uniprot, and NCBI databases. For genes with multiple matches, we employed the Needleman-Wunsch global alignment based on either amino acid or nucleotide sequence to identify the ortholog with the highest degree of similarity.
The workflow was tested for its functionality and efficiency by integrating scRNA-seq datasets from heart failure patients with the corresponding mouse model. We were able to assign unique human orthologs to up to 80% of the mouse genes, utilizing the known 17,492 orthologous pairs. Curiously, the integration process enabled the identification of both common and unique regulatory pathways between species in heart failure.
In conclusion, our pipeline streamlines the integration process, enhances gene nomenclature alignment and simplifies the translation of mouse models to human disease. We have made the OrthoIntegrate R-package accessible on GitHub (https://github.com/MarianoRuzJurado/OrthoIntegrate), which includes the assignment of ortholog definitions for human and mouse, as well as the pipeline for integrating single cells.