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Buchbesprechungen
(1979)
Rubus ferocior WEBER 1977 (= R. ferox WEIHE non VEST) und Rubus placidus WEBER nov. spec. (= R. milliformis var. roseus FRID. & GELERT) werden als weitverbreitete zentraleuropäische Arten der Rubi sect. Corylifolii erstmals genauer beschrieben und in typischen Exemplaren (specimina normalia) abgebildet. Die zum Teil verwickelte Nomenklatur wird ausführlich diskutiert. Die Verbreitung ist durch eine Auflistung von Fundorten und in Rasterkarten angegeben. Durch einen Bestimmungsschlüssel, der auch die nächstverwandten Taxa enthält, soll einer Verwechslung mit ähnlichen Arten vorgebeugt werden.
Drei Arten der Rubi sect. Corylifolii sind behandelt. Rubus hadroacanthos G. Br., eine bislang unbeachtete Art, ist erstmals detailliert beschrieben. Sie ist stellenweise häufig verbreitet in NW-Deutschland (vom Harz bis ins westliche Westfalen). R. tuberculatiformis Weber nov. spec. wächst ziemlich häufig in Teilen von SW-Niedersachsen und NO-Westfalen. R. parahebecarpus Weber nov. spec. (= R. hebecarpus ssu. auct. div. p.p. non P. J. M.) ist bislang nachgewiesen im unteren Rheingebiet (Bergisches Land bis Aachen und Kleve) und in den südlichen Niederlanden. Die Arten sind durch Photos abgebildet, und ihre Verbreitung ist durch Fundortslisten und Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Im Zusammenhang mit einer Revision der Rubus-Flora von Mitteleuropa werden fünf neue Rubus-Arten beschrieben: Rubus hastiferus H. E. WEBER(sect. Rubus ser. Micantes), R. hirsutior FITSCHEN ex H. E. WEBER(= R. pallidus subsp. hirsutior FITSCHEN 1914, nom. prov.- Sect. Rubus ssr. Radulae), R. contractipes H. E. WEBER,R. rhytidophyllus H. E. WEBER(beide sect. Corylifolii ser. Subsilvatici) sowie R. visurgianus H. E. WEBER(sect. Corylifolii sero Subcanescentes). Die Arten sind gebietsweise häufig in Niedersachsen und kommen teilweise auch in Westfalen und Hessen vor.
Drei neue Rubus-Arten (sect. Corylifolii) des nordwestlichen Mitteleuropas werden beschrieben: Rubus calvus, nachgewiesen von der Niedereibe bis zum Niederrhein und in den Niederlanden, R. calviformis, gefunden in Westfalen und dem benachbarten Niedersachsen, und R. incisior, der früher als eine Form von R. orthostachys G. BRAUN betrachtet wurde, als streckenweise häufige Art in Westfalen, den Niederlanden und Belgien. Photographien der Holotypen, Raster-Verbreitungskarten und ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu diesen und ähnlichen Arten sind beigefügt. Zusätzlich ist eine Kombination publiziert: R. pruinosus f. heteracanthus (FRID.) H. E. WEBER (= R. pruinosus f. warmingii).
Der früher in oligotrophen Heidegewässern verbreitete, heute vom Aussterben bedrohte Reinweiße Wasserhahnenfuß ist heute noch von vier Fundpunkten in Mitteleuropa bekannt. Die einstige und heutige, sich westlich der Linie Hamburg - Osnabrück - Krefeld erstreckende Verbreitung ist in einer Liste aller bekannten Fundorte mit Meßtischblatt-Rasterangaben wiedergegeben. Die Situation in Niedersachen und im benachbarten Westfalen ist zusätzlich in einer Karte dargestellt. Ranunculus ololeucos bildet in nährstoffarmen Klarwasserbereichen eine der Ufervegetation vorgelagerte eigene Schwimmblatt-Gesellschaft. Diese ist hier auf der Grundlage von Aufnahmen aus Niedersachsen und Westfalen als eine zum Verband Hydrocolylo- Baldellion (Klasse Littorelletea) gehörende Assoziation Ranunculetum ololeuci ass. nov. beschrieben.
Die früher im Osnabrücker Raum fehlende Erzengelwurz (Angelica archangelica L.) hat sich im Zuge einer allgemeinen Ausbreitung in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten am Mittelland- und Stich kanal angesiedelt. Sie tritt hier in der ssp. archangelica auf. Das am noch unverbauten Westufer des Stichkanals zwischen Osnabrück und Pente besonders reichlich entwikkelte Calystegio-Archangelietum PASS. 64 ist durch eine Vegetationstabelle dokumentiert. Die Ufer der parallel zum Kanal verlaufenden Hase werden von der Art nicht besiedelt.
Am 16. Mai 1980 verstarb in Rinteln-Todenmann das Ehrenmitglied des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Osnabrück, Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. REINHOLD TÜXEN, wenige Tage vor der Vollendung seines 81. Lebensjahres. Mit ihm verliert ein ganzer Wissenschaftszweig einen seiner wichtigsten Begründer und Bahnbrecher. Ohne REINHOLD TÜXEN wäre die Pflanzensoziologie in der Art, wie sie heute weltweit als Forschungsrichtung praktiziert wird, nicht denkbar.
Rubus ehrnsbergeri H. E. Weber spec. nov. wird als neue Art der Sektion Corylifolii Lindley serie Suberectigeni H. E. Weber beschrieben. Ihr bislang bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst die Gegend um Mennighüffen (in Westfalen gelegenes Gebiet, in dem K. E. A.Weihe in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Brombeerforschung in Europa begründete) und erstreckt sich bis östlich von Stadthagen in Niedersachsen. Fotos (auch des Holotypus) und eine Liste der Herbarbelege sind beigefügt.
Rubus wittigianus spec. nov., eine sich ausbreitende Brombeerart in Westfalen und bei Osnabrück
(2002)
Rubus wittigianus H. E.Weber spec. nov. wird als neue Art der Sektion Rubus serie Sylvatici (P. J. Müller) Focke beschrieben. Ihr bislang bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von Wellendorf (Landkreis Osnabrück) durch Westfalen bis Bad Lippspringe.Die Art ist durch Fotos (auch des Holotypus) abgebildet, und eine Liste der bisherigen Fundorte ist beigefügt.
Vier neue Rubus-Arten sind beschrieben: (1) Rubus immodicus A. SCHUMACHER ex H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser. Sylvatici), bislang bekannt aus dem Rheinland und aus Belgien, (2) Rubus pseudargenteus H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser. Discolores, = R. argenteus sensu SUDRE pro parte, non WEIHE & NEES nec GMELIN), nachgewiesen in Westdeutschland (Rheinland), (3) Rubus norvegicus H. E. WEBER & A. PEDERSEN (sect. Corylifolii ser. Sepincoli, = R. rosanthus var. leiocarpus LINDEBERG, R. mortensenii auct. div., non E. H. L. KRAUSE quoad typum), häufig in Südnorwegen, außerdem in Schweden (Bohuslän) und zerstreut in Dänemark, (4) Rubus martensenii H. E. WEBER (sect. Corylifolii ser. Sepincoli), gefunden in Dänemark und in Nordwestdeutschland (besonders in Schleswiq-Hotstein). Die Arten sind abgebildet, und exemplarische Herbarbelege sind angegeben. Als Nachtrag zu SCHOLZ & WEBER (1990) ist außerdem die Nomenklatur einiger von E. H. L. KRAUSE (1888, 1890) benannter Arten der Sektion Corylifolii behandelt.
Drei neue Rubus-Arten (Haselblattbrombeeren) der Sektion werden beschrieben: Rubus tilioides W. JANSEN & H.E. WEBER mit Vorkommen vor allem in Thüringen, außerdem in Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt; R. anhaltianus H.E. WEBER (mittleres bis südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, angrenzendes Thüringen) und R. orbifrons H. E. WEBER (südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, ein Nachweis auch im angrenzenden Thüringen). Neu für Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewiesen wurde Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER. Außerdem wurden weitere Fundorte für Rubus wahlbergii ARRH. bei Bergwitz und Helbra in Sachsen-Anhalt ermittelt. Die neuen Arten sind illustriert durch Fotos ihrer Holotypen und von lebenden Pflanzen im Gelände. Ihre Verbreitung wird durch Auflistung von Herbarbelegen und durch Rasterkarten mitgeteilt.
Zwei Rubus-Arten werden erstmals beschrieben: Rubus amisiensis Weber (Ems-Brombeere, zur Ser. Silvatici F. gehörig), der im Emsland, in der Grafschaft Bentheim und in den Niederlanden verbreitet ist. Die zweite Art, Rubus conothyrsoides Weber, wächst vor allem im Hügelland im Raum zwischen Bielefeld und Lingen und ist hier streckenweise eine der häufigsten Arten. Sie gehört zu der hier neu aufgestellten Serie Anisacanthi Weber, die sich durch eine große Variabilität der Bestachelung und des Drüsenbesatzes auf dem Schößling auszeichnet. Die Holotypen der Arten sind abgebildet, die Verbreitung ist in Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Die Vegetationsverhältnisse des Lechtegors, eines meso- bis schwach eutrophen Sees 7 km südlich von Haselünne im Landkreis Lingen, werden behandelt. Der einstmals natürliche Zustand ist nach Flurbereinigungsmaßnahmen seit etwa 10 Jahren in starker Umwandlung begriffen: Durch Absenkung des Grundwassers sind der nasse Bruchwald und Weidengürtel sowie Teile des Röhrichts trockengefallen. Nach Ausbau eines in den See geleiteten Vorfluters trat eine zunehmende Hypertrophierung ein, die inzwischen zur Bildung einer mächtigen Faulschlammschicht geführt hat, durch die die freie Wassertiefe von einst wohl fast 20 m auf nur 2 bis 2,5 m eingeengt wurde. Einige Pflanzen und Pflanzengesellschaften sind infolge dieser Entwicklung ausgestorben, bei anderen haben sich charakteristische Umwandlungen ergeben, die im einzelnen dargestellt werden. Insgesamt zeigt das Lechtegor eine klar gegliederte Verlandungsserie über Schwimmblattgesellschaften (Potameto-Nupharetum), Schilfröhricht (Phragmitetum), Großseggenrieder (vor allem Caricetum acutiformis), Weidengürtel (Salicetum pentandro-cinereae) und Erlenbruch (Carici elongatae-Alnetum), der den Anschluß an die umgebende potentiell natürliche Querco-Betuletum-Landschaft bildet. - Vorschläge zur Sanierung und zum Naturschutz des auch in faunistischer Sicht erhaltungswürdigen Sees werden diskutiert.
Mit der dritten Auflage des Internationalen Code der Pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur wurde ein spezielles Komitee etabliert, um eine Entscheidung der Nomenklaturkommission über eingereichte Vorschläge für nomina ambigua, nomina inversa, nomina mutata und nomina conservanda zu erleichtern und zu beschleunigen. Wir legen hier den ersten Report dieses Komitees vor. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Hauptprobleme mit jeder einzelnen dieser vier Kategorien gegeben. Im zweiten Teil werden 19 Vorschläge diskutiert und eine Empfehlung gegeben, ob der Vorschlag akzeptiert oder abgelehnt werden sollte. Autoren, die einen Vorschlag an die Nomenklaturkommission senden möchten, werden gebeten, diesen Report als Richtlinie zu nutzen.
Rubus curvaciculatus Waisemann ex H. E. Weber (Subgenus Rubus Sect. Corylifolii Lindley Ser. Sepincola Weihe ex Focke) ist als neue Art beschrieben und abgebildet. Ihre Verbreitung in Dänemark, Deutschland, Tschechien und Polen ist angegeben. Rubus dethardingii E. H. L. Krause ist als sehr ähnliche Art mit seinen abweichenden Merkmalen behandelt. Rubus praecox Bertol., eine im südlichen Mitteleuropa und in Südeuropa weitverbreitete Brombeere, hat seine nördlichsten Fundorte in der Stadt Osnabrück (Dodesheide) und im angrenzenden Landkreis Osnabrück bei Rulle und Icker und wurde neuerdings eingeschleppt nach Achterberg im Kreis Grafschaft Bentheim.
Der ehemals in Altenhausen bei Erxleben lebende Gustav MAASS (1830-1901), „Societäts-Sekretär“ und „Bureauvorsteher bei der Generaldirection der Magdeburgischen Land-Feuersozietät“, hat sich, wie im Verbreitungsatlas der Brombeeren Sachsen-Anhalts (PEDERSEN et al. 1999) näher ausgeführt ist, intensiv mit der Flora seines Wohngebietes befaßt und war bislang überhaupt der einzige Botaniker in Sachsen-Anhalt, der sich auch mit der Gattung Rubus beschäftigte.
Er beschrieb hierbei auch die neue Brombeerart Rubus glaucovirens (Blaugrüne Brombeere), deren Verbreitung in Sachsen-Anhalt in dem oben genannten Atlas im Viertelquadranten-Raster der TK 25 dargestellt ist. Bislang fehlt von dieser Art jedoch immer noch eine moderne Standardbeschreibung und eine Abbildung, die hier geliefert werden sollen, um die Bestimmung der leicht zu erkennenden Sippe zu ermöglichen. Außerdem sollen hier auch die Nomenklatur und die Gesamtverbreitung behandelt werden.
Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf das bei Brombeeren übliche Standardmaterial (siehe z. B. WEBER 1995). Verbreitungsangaben beruhen auf den Ergebnissen der Kartierung von PEDERSEN et al. (1999) sowie auf anderen Beobachtungen und auf Exemplaren in europäischen Herbarien, die hier mit ihren international üblichen Akronymen (siehe HOLMGREN et al. 1990) angegeben sind. Das Herbarium des Verfassers ist mit We abgekürzt. Die früher in HAN (Universität Hannover) gesehenen Belege befinden sich jetzt in HBG (Hamburg), die Belege aus BHU (Herbarium des Museums für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin) jetzt in B (Herbarium des Botanischen Museums in Berlin-Dahlem). Die Fundorte sind, soweit möglich der TK 25 und dem Quadranten- oder Viertelquadrantenraster zugeordnet. Abbildung 2 wurde mit dem Programm FLOREIN (W. SUBAL 1997) erstellt.
Drei neue Rubus-Taxa sind beschrieben: Rubus montanus f. macromontanus H. E. WEBER forma nova (nachgewiesen in Frankreich, Österreich, Böhmen, Mähren, DDR und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), Rubus schnedleri H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser, Pallidi, in Hessen und den benachbarten Bereichen von Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz und Württemberg) sowie Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER (sect. Corylifolii ser, Vestitiusculi, verbreitet im südöstlichen Niedersachsen). Die neuen Taxa sind abgebildet, und ihre Verbreitung ist durch Karten und mit Zitierung von Herbarbelegen dargestellt.
Zwei von Rudolf Bauer künstlich erzeugte Hybriden werden als neue Nothospecies beschrieben: Ribes x nidigrolaria Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (=[R. nigrum x divaricatum] x [R. nigrum x uva-cripa]) and Fragaria x vescana Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (= [Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens x F. x ananassa] x F. x ananassa). Diese wirtschaftlich wichtigen Kulturarten sind bereits allgemein bekannt als „Jostabeere“ (cv. „Josta“) und als Vescana mit den Kultursorten „Spadeka“ und „Florika“. Die Hybridarten sind taxonomisch beschrieben, ihre Holotypen sind abgebildet, außerdem werden Einzelheiten zur Entstehung, zu den Eigenschaften und zur Kultur mitgeteilt.
Als Nachtrag zur "Flora von Südwest-Niedersachsen und dem benachbarten Westfalen" (Weber 1995) werden neuere Fundorte bemerkenswerter Farn- und Blütenpflanzen mitgeteilt. Dipsacus pilosus (L.) Swartz, Filago arvensis L., Leersia oryzoides L. und Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl)Palla, die im Gebiet längere Zeit verschollen waren, wurden an vorher meist unbekannten Wuchsorten entdeckt. Erstmals nachgewiesen wurden Hieracium flagel/are Willd. und Senecio sarracenicus.
Background: The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC) has established a multigene panel (TruRisk®) for the analysis of risk genes for familial breast and ovarian cancer. Summary: An interdisciplinary team of experts from the GC-HBOC has evaluated the available data on risk modification in the presence of pathogenic mutations in these genes based on a structured literature search and through a formal consensus process. Key Messages: The goal of this work is to better assess individual disease risk and, on this basis, to derive clinical recommendations for patient counseling and care at the centers of the GC-HBOC from the initial consultation prior to genetic testing to the use of individual risk-adapted preventive/therapeutic measures.
Background: The focus of this study is to identify particular microRNA (miRNA) signatures in exosomes derived from plasma of 435 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative (TN) subtypes of breast cancer (BC).
Methods: First, miRNA expression profiles were determined in exosomes derived from the plasma of 15 TNBC patients before neoadjuvant therapy using a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR-based microRNA array card containing 384 different miRNAs. Forty-five miRNAs associated with different clinical parameters were then selected and mounted on microRNA array cards that served for the quantification of exosomal miRNAs in 435 BC patients before therapy and 20 healthy women. Confocal microscopy, Western blot, and ELISA were used for exosome characterization.
Results: Quantification of 45 exosomal miRNAs showed that compared with healthy women, 10 miRNAs in the entire cohort of BC patients, 13 in the subgroup of 211 HER2-positive BC, and 17 in the subgroup of 224 TNBC were significantly deregulated. Plasma levels of 18 exosomal miRNAs differed between HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes, and 9 miRNAs of them also differed from healthy women. Exosomal miRNAs were significantly associated with the clinicopathological and risk factors. In uni- and multivariate models, miR-155 (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively) and miR-301 (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively) best predicted pathological complete response (pCR).
Conclusion: Our findings show a network of deregulated exosomal miRNAs with specific expression patterns in exosomes of HER2-positive and TNBC patients that are also associated with clinicopathological parameters and pCR within each BC subtype.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.
In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.
In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).
The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).
Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
The transcription factor p63 is expressed as at least six different isoforms, of which two have been assigned critical biological roles within ectodermal development and skin stem cell biology on the one hand and supervision of the genetic stability of oocytes on the other hand. These two isoforms contain a C-terminal inhibitory domain that negatively regulates their transcriptional activity. This inhibitory domain contains two individual components: one that uses an internal binding mechanism to interact with and mask the transactivation domain and one that is based on sumoylation. We have carried out an extensive alanine scanning study to identify critical regions within the inhibitory domain. These experiments show that a stretch of ~13 amino acids is crucial for the binding function. Further, investigation of transcriptional activity and the intracellular level of mutants that cannot be sumoylated suggests that sumoylation reduces the concentration of p63. We therefore propose that the inhibitory function of the C-terminal domain is in part due to direct inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the protein and in part due to indirect inhibition by controlling the concentration of p63. Keywords: p63, transcriptional regulation, auto-inhibition, sumoylation
Femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations K0 SK0 S and K0 SK± are studied in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV by the ALICE experiment. At both energies, boson source parameters are extracted for both pair combinations, by fitting models based on Gaussian size distributions of the sources, to the measured two-particle correlation functions. The interaction model used for the K0 SK0 S analysis includes quantum statistics and strong final-state interactions through the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances. The model used for the K0 SK± analysis includes only the final-state interaction through the a0 resonance. Source parameters extracted in the present work are compared with published values from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and the different pair combinations are found to be consistent. From the observation that the strength of the K0 SK0 S correlations is significantly greater than the strength of the K0 SK± correlations, the new results are compatible with the a0 resonance being a tetraquark state of the form (q1, q2, s, s), where q1 and q2 are u or d quarks.
First measurements of balance functions (BFs) of all combinations of identified charged hadron (π,K, p) pairs in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector are presented. The BF measurements are carried out as two-dimensional differential correlators versus the relative rapidity (Δy) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) of hadron pairs, and studied as a function of collision centrality. The Δφ dependence of BFs is expected to be sensitive to the light quark diffusivity in the quark–gluon plasma. While the BF azimuthal widths of all pairs substantially decrease from peripheral to central collisions, the longitudinal widths exhibit mixed behaviors: BFs of ππ and cross-species pairs narrow significantly in more central collisions, whereas those of KK and pp are found to be independent of collision centrality. This dichotomy is qualitatively consistent with the presence of strong radial flow effects and the existence of two stages of quark production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finally, the first measurements of the collision centrality evolution of BF integrals are presented, with the observation that charge balancing fractions are nearly independent of collision centrality in Pb–Pb collisions. Overall, the results presented provide new and challenging constraints for theoretical models of hadron production and transport in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Annihilation dynamics plays a fundamental role in the baryon–antibaryon interaction (B–B) at lowenergy and its strength and range are crucial in the assessment of possible baryonic bound states. Experimental data on annihilation cross sections are available for the p–p system but not in the low relative momentum region. Data regarding the B–B interaction with strange degrees of freedom are extremely scarce, hence the modeling of the annihilation contributions is mainly based on nucleon–antinucleon (N–N) results, when available. In this letter we present a measurement of the p–p, p–⊕p– and – interaction using correlation functions in the relative momentum space in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. In the p–p system the couplings to the mesonic channels in different partial waves are extracted by adopting a coupled-channel approach with recent χEFT potentials. The inclusion of these inelastic channels provides good agreement with the data, showing a significant presence of the annihilation term down to zero momentum. Predictions obtained using the Lednický–Lyuboshits formula and scattering parameters obtained from heavy-ion collisions, hence mainly sensitive to elastic processes, are compared with the experimental p–⊕p– and – correlations. The model describes the – data and underestimates the p–⊕p– data in the region of momenta below 200 MeV/c. The observed deviation indicates a different contribution of annihilation channels to the two systems containing strange hadrons.
The first results on K∗(892)± resonance production in inelastic pp collisions at LHC energies of √s = 5.02, 8, and 13 TeV are presented. The K∗(892)± has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K∗(892)± → K0 S + π± with the ALICE detector. Measurements of transverse momentum distributions, pT-integrated yields, and mean transverse momenta for charged K∗(892) are found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for neutral K∗(892) within uncertainties. For pT > 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± transverse momentum spectra become harder with increasing centre-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 13 TeV, similar to what previously observed for charged kaons and pions. For pT < 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± yield does not evolve significantly and the abundance of K∗(892)± relative to K is rather independent of the collision energy. The transverse momentum spectra, measured for K∗(892)± at midrapidity in the interval 0 < pT < 15 GeV/c, are not well described by predictions of different versions of PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and EPOS-LHC event generators. These generators reproduce the measured pTintegrated K∗±/K ratios and describe well the momentum dependence for pT < 2 GeV/c.
Neutral pion (π0) and η meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta (pT) in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV. The mesons were reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel in the rapidity interval −1.3 < y < 0.3 in the ranges of 0.4 < pT < 200 GeV/c and 1.0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, respectively. The respective nuclear modification factor (RpPb) is presented for pT up to of 200 and 30 GeV/c, where the former was achieved by extending the π0 measurement in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV using the merged cluster technique. The values of RpPb are below unity for pT < 10 GeV/c, while they are consistent with unity for pT > 10 GeV/c, leaving essentially no room for final state energy loss. The new data provide strong constraints for nuclear parton distribution and fragmentation functions over a broad kinematic range and are compared to model predictions as well as previous results at √sNN = 5.02 TeV.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+ s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN = 5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+ s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+ s → φπ+, with φ → K−K+, in the pT intervals 2 < pT < 50 GeV/c and 2 < pT < 36 GeV/c for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. For pT > 10 GeV/c, the measured D+ s -meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+ s -meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+ s relative to nonstrange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+ s /D0 production yield ratios in Pb–Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb–Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2 < pT < 8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+ s mesons was measured in Pb–Pb collisions in the 30–50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+ s /D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark–gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
Correlations between mean transverse momentum [pT] and anisotropic flow coefficients v2 or v3 are measured as a function of centrality in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between [pT], v2, and v3 is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and TRENTo initialstate shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the TRENTo based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the TRENTo initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between [pT] and vn are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state and help pin down the uncertainty of the extracted properties of the quark–gluon plasma recreated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
The interaction of Λ and Σ hyperons (Y) with nucleons (N) is strongly influenced by the coupled-channel dynamics. Due to the small mass difference of the NΛ and NΣ systems, the sizable coupling strength of the NΣ ↔ NΛ processes constitutes a crucial element in the determination of the NΛ interaction. In this letter we present the most precise measurements on the interaction of p pairs, from zero relative momentum up to the opening of the NΣ channel. The correlation function in the relative momentum space for p ⊕ p pairs measured in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The opening of the inelastic NΣ channels is visible in the extracted correlation function as a cusp-like structure occurring at relative momentum k∗ = 289 MeV/c. This represents the first direct experimental observation of the NΣ ↔ NΛ coupled channel in the p system. The correlation function is compared with recent chiral effective field theory calculations, based on different strengths of the NΣ ↔ NΛ transition potential. A weaker coupling, as possibly supported by the present measurement, would require a more repulsive three-body NNΛ interaction for a proper description of the in-medium properties, which has implications on the nuclear equation of state and for the presence of hyperons inside neutron stars.
The production of baryons and K0 S mesons (V0 particles) was measured in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The production of these strange particles is studied separately for particles associated with hard scatterings and the underlying event to shed light on the baryon-to-meson ratio enhancement observed at intermediate transverse momentum (pT) in high multiplicity pp and p–Pb collisions. Hard scatterings are selected on an eventby-event basis with jets reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using charged particles. The production of strange particles associated with jets pch T, jet > 10 and pch T, jet > 20 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions, and with jet pch T, jet > 10 GeV/c in pp collisions is reported as a function of pT. Its dependence on angular distance from the jet axis, R(V0, jet), for jets with pch T, jet > 10 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions is reported as well. The pT-differential production spectra of strange particles associated with jets are found to be harder compared to that in the underlying event and both differ from the inclusive measurements. In events containing a jet, the density of the V0 particles in the underlying event is found to be larger than the density in the minimum bias events. The /K0 S ratio associated with jets in p–Pb collisions is consistent with the ratio in pp collisions and follows the expectation of jets fragmenting in vacuum. On the other hand, this ratio within jets is consistently lower than the one obtained in the underlying event and it does not show the characteristic enhancement of baryons at intermediate pT often referred to as “baryon anomaly” in the inclusive measurements.
This study presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of the meteorological conditions and atmospheric flow during the Lagrangian-type "Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010" experiment (HCCT-2010). HCCT-2010 was performed in September and October 2010 at Mt. Schmücke in the Thuringian forest, Germany, applying three measurements sites (upwind, in-cloud, downwind) to study physical and chemical aerosol-cloud-interactions. A Lagrangian-type hill cap cloud experiment requires suitable cloud and particularly connected airflow conditions, i.e. representative air masses at the different measurement sites. Therefore, the present study aimed at the identification of time periods during the 6-weeks duration of the campaign, where such conditions were fulfilled and which can be used in further data examinations.
The following topics were studied in detail: (i) the general synoptic weather situations including the mesoscale flow conditions by means of a classification of advected air masses and calculation of non-dimensional flow parameters (e.g. Froude number), (ii) local meteorological conditions, including synoptic front passages, the presence of orographic or frontal cloudiness, cloud base heights and vertical stratification, and (iii) local flow conditions by means of statistical analyses using the quasi-inert trace gas ozone and selected size bins of particle number size distributions as well as SF6 tracer experiments in the campaign area. A comprehensive analyses using statistical measures such as the COD (Coefficient Of Divergence) and cross-correlation have been carried out for the first time in the context of a Lagrangian-type hill cap cloud experiment. Suitable criteria for the aimed statistical analyses were thus developed and applied in the present study to characterise the local flow connectivity in detail.
The comprehensive examination resulted in a total of 14 so-called "Full Cloud Events" (FCE), which are shown to conform to the Lagrange-type experimental philosophy of HCCT-2010. In addition, 15 so-called "Non-Cloud Events" (NCEs) could be established, which can be used as reference cases as they provide similarly suitable flow conditions but no cloud at the summit site. Orographic cloudiness was identified for approx. one third of the FCE periods, while about two thirds were associated to synoptic fronts. The statistical flow analyses indicate the existence of a strong link between the sites during the events, particularly under constant south-westerly flow conditions, high wind speeds and slightly stable stratification. The COD analyses using continuously measured concentrations of ozone and the 49 nm diameter particle bin revealed particularly for COD values below 0.1 very consistent time series, i.e. closely linked air masses between the different sites. The cross-correlation analysis revealed under connected flow conditions typical overflow times of about 15 to 30 min between the two valley sites. Additionally, the performed SF6 tracer experiments during the campaign clearly demonstrate that under appropriate meteorological conditions a Lagrangian-type approach is valid and that the connected flow validation procedure developed in this work is suitable for identifying such conditions. Finally, an overall evaluation of the identified FCEs is presented, which provides the basis for subsequent investigations of the measured chemical and physical data during HCCT-2010.
Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is α-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite of products covering a wide range of volatilities. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) comprise a fraction of the oxidation products formed. While it is known that HOMs contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied in newly formed particles due to their very low mass concentrations. Here we present gas- and particle-phase chemical composition data from experimental studies of α-pinene oxidation, including in the presence of isoprene, at temperatures (−50 and −30 ∘C) and relative humidities (20 % and 60 %) relevant in the upper free troposphere. The measurements took place at the CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber. The particle chemical composition was analyzed by a thermal desorption differential mobility analyzer (TD-DMA) coupled to a nitrate chemical ionization–atmospheric pressure interface–time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. CI-APi-TOF was used for particle- and gas-phase measurements, applying the same ionization and detection scheme. Our measurements revealed the presence of C8−10 monomers and C18−20 dimers as the major compounds in the particles (diameter up to ∼ 100 nm). Particularly, for the system with isoprene added, C5 (C5H10O5−7) and C15 compounds (C15H24O5−10) were detected. This observation is consistent with the previously observed formation of such compounds in the gas phase. However, although the C5 and C15 compounds do not easily nucleate, our measurements indicate that they can still contribute to the particle growth at free tropospheric conditions. For the experiments reported here, most likely isoprene oxidation products enhance the growth of particles larger than 15 nm. Additionally, we report on the nucleation rates measured at 1.7 nm (J1.7 nm) and compared with previous studies, we found lower J1.7 nm values, very likely due to the higher α-pinene and ozone mixing ratios used in the present study.
Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is α-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite of products covering a wide range of volatilities. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) comprise a fraction of the oxidation products formed. While it is known that HOMs contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied in newly formed particles due to their very low mass concentrations. Here we present gas- and particle-phase chemical composition data from experimental studies of α-pinene oxidation, including in the presence of isoprene, at temperatures (−50 and −30 ∘C) and relative humidities (20 % and 60 %) relevant in the upper free troposphere. The measurements took place at the CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber. The particle chemical composition was analyzed by a thermal desorption differential mobility analyzer (TD-DMA) coupled to a nitrate chemical ionization–atmospheric pressure interface–time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. CI-APi-TOF was used for particle- and gas-phase measurements, applying the same ionization and detection scheme. Our measurements revealed the presence of C8−10 monomers and C18−20 dimers as the major compounds in the particles (diameter up to ∼ 100 nm). Particularly, for the system with isoprene added, C5 (C5H10O5−7) and C15 compounds (C15H24O5−10) were detected. This observation is consistent with the previously observed formation of such compounds in the gas phase. However, although the C5 and C15 compounds do not easily nucleate, our measurements indicate that they can still contribute to the particle growth at free tropospheric conditions. For the experiments reported here, most likely isoprene oxidation products enhance the growth of particles larger than 15 nm. Additionally, we report on the nucleation rates measured at 1.7 nm (J1.7 nm) and compared with previous studies, we found lower J1.7 nm values, very likely due to the higher α-pinene and ozone mixing ratios used in the present study.
Es wird eine systematische Anleitung gegeben zur Revision der Namen von Assoziationen gemäß den Regeln des Internationalen Code der Pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur (ICPN, 3. Aufl. 2000). Außerdem werden die Verfahren zur gültigen Veröffentlichung von Assoziationen und Subassoziationen erläutert. Eine Übersicht über die Formen der Autorzitate und Zusätze bei syntaxonomischen Namen ist beigefügt.
Ernst Preising (1911-2007)
(2008)
Senecio inaequidens DC., eine in Mitteleuropa bislang nur von Ruderalstandorten bekannte Art, hat sich neuerdings auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln als fester Bestandteil der natürlichen Dünenvegetation (Elymo-Ammophiletum, Hippophao-Salicetum arenariae)etabliert und sich dort vom Epökophyten zum Agriophyten gewandelt. Auf entsprechenden Standorten wurde die Art bislang auf Borkum, Baltrum, Spiekeroog, Wangerooge, Oldeoog und Mellum gefunden.
Noneequilibrium models (three-fluid hydrodynamics and UrQMD) use to discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is demonstrated that these two models - although they do treat the most interesting early phase of the collisions quite differently(thermalizing QGP vs. coherent color fields with virtual particles) - both yields a reasonable agreement with a large variety of the available heavy ion data.
Rubus raduloides (ROG.) SUDRE, eine bislang nur von England, Wales und Schottland bekannte Brombeerart, ist ebenso auf dem Kontinent (in den Niederlanden, Belgien und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) weit verbreitet, doch hier bisher verkannt und mit anderen Arten verwechselt. Nomenklatorische Fragen, die Verbreitung und Ökologie werden behandelt, und darüber hinaus wird eine detaillierte Beschreibung mit Abbildungen dieser auch in Großbritannien oft falsch interpretierten Art gegeben, um weitere Fehldeutungen zukünftig zu verhindern.
Das Pruno-Rubetum elegantispinosi (Pruno-Rubetalia) wird als neue Gebüschgesellschaft auf kalkreicheren Böden in Hecken Niedersachsens und Westfalens beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wird die Syntaxonomie der Rhamno-Prunetea behandelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Rubi (Pseudo-Phanerophyta) mit ihren nur zweijährigen Schößlingen nicht in der Lage sind, sich in geschlossenen, von echten ausdauernden Sträuchern (Nano- Phanerophyta) gebildeten Gebüschen zu behaupten und daher nur als charakteristischer «ubus-Mantel dieser echten Prunetalia-Gebüsche auftreten, wo sie als eine Art "Klammergesellschaft" sowohl die echten Prunetalia wie auch die vorgelagerten Säume (Trifolio- Geranieta, Alliarietalia) zum Teil miteinander verbinden. Im Interesse einer saubereren nyntaxonomischen Fassung der (subatlantischen) Rhamno-Prunetea sind daher (besonders an breiteren Hecken und in ausgedehnteren Gebüschen) innere brombeer- und weitgehend auch krautfreie Bereiche (Prunetalia s.str.) von den äußeren Pruno-Rubetalia zu unters::: heiden, die die Mantelzone der Prunetalia s. str. darstellen, oder auch insgesamt durch schmale Hecken, Waldmänteloder durch noch offene Ptoruerstad.en der Prunetalia s. str. repräsentiert werden können.
Die in Europa vorkommenden Sommergrünen Brombeeren (Rubus subgenus Rubus sectio Rubus subsectio Rubus) werden in vier Serien untergliedert: Series Nessenses H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus nessensis Hall), Series Rubus ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L. = R. plicatus Weihe & Nees), Series Canadenses (L.H. Bailey) H. E.Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus canadensis L.) und Series Alleghenienses (L. H. Bailey) H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus allegheniensis Porter). Die Series Rubus wird in zwei Subserien unterteilt: Subseries Rubus (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L.) subser. nov. und Subseries Subrhamnifolii (Focke) H. E. Weber subser. nov. (Typus: Rubus montanus Wirtgen = R. senticosus Koehler ex Weihe). Die Taxonomie und Nomenklatur dieser infragenerischen Taxa sind behandelt.
The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality traits were assessed by the NEO-PI-R questionnaire. Assuming that altered neural correlates of working memory and cognitive response inhibition show genotype-dependent alterations, task performance and electroencephalographic event-related potentials were measured by n-back and continuous performance (Go/NoGo) tasks. The rs2199430 genotype was not associated with adult ADHD on the categorical diagnosis level. However, rs2199430 was significantly associated with agreeableness, with minor G allele homozygotes scoring lower than A allele carriers. Whereas task performance was not affected by genotype, a significant heterosis effect limited to the ADHD group was identified for the n-back task. Heterozygotes (AG) exhibited significantly higher N200 amplitudes during both the 1-back and 2-back condition in the central electrode position Cz. Consequently, the common genetic variation of CDH13 is associated with personality traits and impacts neural processing during working memory tasks. Thus, CDH13 might contribute to symptomatic core dysfunctions of social and cognitive impairment in ADHD.
The pT-differential production cross sections of prompt and non-prompt (produced in beauty-hadron decays) D mesons were measured by the ALICE experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton--proton collisions at s√=5.02 TeV. The data sample used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of (19.3±0.4) nb−1. D mesons were reconstructed from their decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, and D+s→ϕπ+→K−K+π+ and their charge conjugates. Compared to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the cross sections of prompt D+ and D+s mesons have an extended pT coverage and total uncertainties reduced by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, depending on pT, allowing for a more precise determination of their pT-integrated cross sections. The results are well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of heavy quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is compatible for charm and beauty quarks and with previous measurements at different centre-of-mass energies and collision systems. The bb¯¯¯ production cross section per rapidity unit at midrapidity, estimated from non-prompt D-meson measurements, is dσbb¯¯¯/dy||y|<0.5=34.5±2.4(stat.)+4.7−2.9(tot.syst.) μb. It is compatible with previous measurements at the same centre-of-mass energy and with the cross section predicted by perturbative QCD calculations.
The pT-differential production cross sections of prompt and non-prompt (produced in beauty-hadron decays) D mesons were measured by the ALICE experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton--proton collisions at s√=5.02 TeV. The data sample used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of (19.3±0.4) nb−1. D mesons were reconstructed from their decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, and D+s→ϕπ+→K−K+π+ and their charge conjugates. Compared to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the cross sections of prompt D+ and D+s mesons have an extended pT coverage and total uncertainties reduced by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, depending on pT, allowing for a more precise determination of their pT-integrated cross sections. The results are well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of heavy quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is compatible for charm and beauty quarks and with previous measurements at different centre-of-mass energies and collision systems. The bb¯¯¯ production cross section per rapidity unit at midrapidity, estimated from non-prompt D-meson measurements, is dσbb¯¯¯/dy||y|<0.5=34.5±2.4(stat.)+4.7−2.9(tot.syst.) μb. It is compatible with previous measurements at the same centre-of-mass energy and with the cross section predicted by perturbative QCD calculations.