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Noneequilibrium models (three-fluid hydrodynamics and UrQMD) use to discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is demonstrated that these two models - although they do treat the most interesting early phase of the collisions quite differently(thermalizing QGP vs. coherent color fields with virtual particles) - both yields a reasonable agreement with a large variety of the available heavy ion data.
Rubus raduloides (ROG.) SUDRE, eine bislang nur von England, Wales und Schottland bekannte Brombeerart, ist ebenso auf dem Kontinent (in den Niederlanden, Belgien und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) weit verbreitet, doch hier bisher verkannt und mit anderen Arten verwechselt. Nomenklatorische Fragen, die Verbreitung und Ökologie werden behandelt, und darüber hinaus wird eine detaillierte Beschreibung mit Abbildungen dieser auch in Großbritannien oft falsch interpretierten Art gegeben, um weitere Fehldeutungen zukünftig zu verhindern.
Das Pruno-Rubetum elegantispinosi (Pruno-Rubetalia) wird als neue Gebüschgesellschaft auf kalkreicheren Böden in Hecken Niedersachsens und Westfalens beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wird die Syntaxonomie der Rhamno-Prunetea behandelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Rubi (Pseudo-Phanerophyta) mit ihren nur zweijährigen Schößlingen nicht in der Lage sind, sich in geschlossenen, von echten ausdauernden Sträuchern (Nano- Phanerophyta) gebildeten Gebüschen zu behaupten und daher nur als charakteristischer «ubus-Mantel dieser echten Prunetalia-Gebüsche auftreten, wo sie als eine Art "Klammergesellschaft" sowohl die echten Prunetalia wie auch die vorgelagerten Säume (Trifolio- Geranieta, Alliarietalia) zum Teil miteinander verbinden. Im Interesse einer saubereren nyntaxonomischen Fassung der (subatlantischen) Rhamno-Prunetea sind daher (besonders an breiteren Hecken und in ausgedehnteren Gebüschen) innere brombeer- und weitgehend auch krautfreie Bereiche (Prunetalia s.str.) von den äußeren Pruno-Rubetalia zu unters::: heiden, die die Mantelzone der Prunetalia s. str. darstellen, oder auch insgesamt durch schmale Hecken, Waldmänteloder durch noch offene Ptoruerstad.en der Prunetalia s. str. repräsentiert werden können.
Die in Europa vorkommenden Sommergrünen Brombeeren (Rubus subgenus Rubus sectio Rubus subsectio Rubus) werden in vier Serien untergliedert: Series Nessenses H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus nessensis Hall), Series Rubus ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L. = R. plicatus Weihe & Nees), Series Canadenses (L.H. Bailey) H. E.Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus canadensis L.) und Series Alleghenienses (L. H. Bailey) H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus allegheniensis Porter). Die Series Rubus wird in zwei Subserien unterteilt: Subseries Rubus (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L.) subser. nov. und Subseries Subrhamnifolii (Focke) H. E. Weber subser. nov. (Typus: Rubus montanus Wirtgen = R. senticosus Koehler ex Weihe). Die Taxonomie und Nomenklatur dieser infragenerischen Taxa sind behandelt.
We report a measurement of the observed cross sections of e+ e− → J/ψX based on 3.21 fb − 1 of data accumulated at energies from 3.645 to 3.891 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider. In analysis of the cross sections, we measured the decay branching fractions of B(ψ(3686) → J/ψX) = (64.4 ± 0.6 ± 1.6)% and B(ψ(3770) → J/ψX) = (0.5 ± 0.2 ± 0.1)% for the first time. The energy-dependent line shape of these cross sections cannot be well described by two Breit-Wigner (BW) amplitudes of the expected decays ψ (3686) → J/ψX and ψ(3770) → J/ψX. Instead, it can be better described with one more BW amplitude of the decay R(3760)→ J/ψX. Under this assumption, we extracted the R (3760) mass M R (3760 ) = 3766.2 ± 3.8 ± 0.4 MeV/c2, total width Γ tot R ( 3760 ) = 22.2 ± 5.9 ± 1.4 MeV, and product of leptonic width and decay branching fraction
ΓeeR(3760) B[R(3760) → J/ψX] = (79.4 ± 85.5 ± 11.7) eV. The significance of the R(3760) is 5.3σ. The first uncertainties of these measured quantities are from fits to the cross sections and second systematic.
Insgesamt 311 Stämme gramnegativer harnwegspathogener Enterobacteriaceen und Nonfermenter, davon 200 Isolate aus frischem Urin der täglichen Routine und 111 ausgewählte, bezüglich ihrer Identifikation problematische Keime aus der Stammsammlung des Zentrums der Hygiene, Frankfurt/Main, wurden mit den Systemen RAS-ID-Gramne9, und API 20 E bzw. NE, vergleichend getestet. Das RAS~ID-Gramne9-System benutzt 10 biochemische Reaktionen zur Identifizierung gramnegativer Bakterien sowie 10 Chemotherapeutika zur Resistenzbestimmung. Von den 200 Routinestämmen zeigten 196 (98%), von den 111 Stämmen aus der Stammsammlung 98 (88,3 %) Übereinstimmung. Die gute Übereinstimmung und die schnelle und einfache Handhabung läßt das RAS-ID-Gramne9-System für die Identifizierung harnwegs-pathogener Routinekeime als kostengünstige Alternative zu anderen aufwendigeren Identifizierungssystemen erscheinen.
The pT-differential production cross sections of prompt and non-prompt (produced in beauty-hadron decays) D mesons were measured by the ALICE experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton--proton collisions at s√=5.02 TeV. The data sample used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of (19.3±0.4) nb−1. D mesons were reconstructed from their decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, and D+s→ϕπ+→K−K+π+ and their charge conjugates. Compared to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the cross sections of prompt D+ and D+s mesons have an extended pT coverage and total uncertainties reduced by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, depending on pT, allowing for a more precise determination of their pT-integrated cross sections. The results are well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of heavy quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is compatible for charm and beauty quarks and with previous measurements at different centre-of-mass energies and collision systems. The bb¯¯¯ production cross section per rapidity unit at midrapidity, estimated from non-prompt D-meson measurements, is dσbb¯¯¯/dy||y|<0.5=34.5±2.4(stat.)+4.7−2.9(tot.syst.) μb. It is compatible with previous measurements at the same centre-of-mass energy and with the cross section predicted by perturbative QCD calculations.
The pT-differential production cross sections of prompt and non-prompt (produced in beauty-hadron decays) D mesons were measured by the ALICE experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton--proton collisions at s√=5.02 TeV. The data sample used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of (19.3±0.4) nb−1. D mesons were reconstructed from their decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, and D+s→ϕπ+→K−K+π+ and their charge conjugates. Compared to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the cross sections of prompt D+ and D+s mesons have an extended pT coverage and total uncertainties reduced by a factor ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, depending on pT, allowing for a more precise determination of their pT-integrated cross sections. The results are well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of heavy quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is compatible for charm and beauty quarks and with previous measurements at different centre-of-mass energies and collision systems. The bb¯¯¯ production cross section per rapidity unit at midrapidity, estimated from non-prompt D-meson measurements, is dσbb¯¯¯/dy||y|<0.5=34.5±2.4(stat.)+4.7−2.9(tot.syst.) μb. It is compatible with previous measurements at the same centre-of-mass energy and with the cross section predicted by perturbative QCD calculations.
Inclusive ψ(2S) production is measured in p-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair sNN−−−√=8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The production of ψ(2S) is studied at forward (2.03<ycms<3.53) and backward (−4.46<ycms<−2.96) centre-of-mass rapidity and for transverse momentum pT < 12 GeV/c via the decay to muon pairs. In this paper, we report the integrated as well as the ycms- and pT-differential inclusive production cross sections. Nuclear effects on ψ(2S) production are studied via the determination of the nuclear modification factor that shows a strong suppression at both forward and backward centre-of-mass rapidities. Comparisons with corresponding results for inclusive J/ψ show a similar suppression for the two states at forward rapidity (p-going direction), but a stronger suppression for ψ(2S) at backward rapidity (Pb-going direction). As a function of pT, no clear dependence of the nuclear modification factor is found. The relative size of nuclear effects on ψ(2S) production compared to J/ψ is also studied via the double ratio of production cross sections [σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pPb/[σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pp between p-Pb and pp collisions. The results are compared with theoretical models that include various effects related to the initial and final state of the collision system and also with previous measurements at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV.
J/ψ production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV
(2020)
Inclusive J/ψ yields and average transverse momenta in p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV are measured as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density with ALICE. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed at forward (2.03<ycms<3.53) and backward (−4.46<ycms<−2.96) center-of-mass rapidity in their dimuon decay channel while the charged-particle pseudorapidity density is measured around midrapidity. The J/ψ yields at forward and backward rapidity normalized to their respective average values increase with the normalized charged-particle pseudorapidity density, the former showing a weaker increase than the latter. The normalized average transverse momenta at forward and backward rapidity manifest a steady increase from low to high charged-particle pseudorapidity density with a saturation beyond the average value.
J/ψ production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in p–Pb
collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV
(2021)
Inclusive J/ψ yields and average transverse momenta in p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV are measured as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density with ALICE. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed at forward (2.03<ycms<3.53) and backward (−4.46<ycms<−2.96) center-of-mass rapidity in their dimuon decay channel while the charged-particle pseudorapidity density is measured around midrapidity. The J/ψ yields at forward and backward rapidity normalized to their respective average values increase with the normalized charged-particle pseudorapidity density, the former showing a weaker increase than the latter. The normalized average transverse momenta at forward and backward rapidity manifest a steady increase from low to high charged-particle pseudorapidity density with a saturation beyond the average value.
A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.
A central motivation for the development of x-ray free-electron lasers has been the prospect of time-resolved single-molecule imaging with atomic resolution. Here, we show that x-ray photoelectron diffraction—where a photoelectron emitted after x-ray absorption illuminates the molecular structure from within—can be used to image the increase of the internuclear distance during the x-ray-induced fragmentation of an O2 molecule. By measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron emission patterns for a two-photon sequential K-shell ionization in coincidence with the fragment ions, and by sorting the data as a function of the measured kinetic energy release, we can resolve the elongation of the molecular bond by approximately 1.2 a.u. within the duration of the x-ray pulse. The experiment paves the road toward time-resolved pump-probe photoelectron diffraction imaging at high-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers.
The process 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜙𝜂′ has been studied for the first time in detail using data sample collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies from 2.05 to 3.08 GeV. A resonance with quantum numbers 𝐽𝑃𝐶=1−− is observed with mass 𝑀=(2177.5±4.8(stat)±19.5(syst))MeV/𝑐2 and width Γ=(149.0±15.6(stat)±8.9(syst)) MeV with a statistical significance larger than 10𝜎, including systematic uncertainties. If the observed structure is identified with the 𝜙(2170), then the ratio of partial width between the 𝜙𝜂′ by BESIII and 𝜙𝜂 by BABAR is (ℬ𝑅𝜙𝜂Γ𝑅𝑒𝑒)/(ℬ𝑅𝜙𝜂′Γ𝑅𝑒𝑒)=0.23±0.10(stat)±0.18(syst), which is smaller than the prediction of the 𝑠¯𝑠𝑔 hybrid models by several orders of magnitude.
Measurement of branching fractions for D meson decaying into ϕ meson and a pseudoscalar meson
(2019)
The four decay modes D0 → φπ0, D0 → φη, D+ → φπ+, and D+ → φK + are studied by using a data sample taken at the centre-of-mass energy √s = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1. The branching fractions of the first three decay modes are measured to be B(D0 → φπ0) = (1.168 ± 0.028 ± 0.028) × 10−3, B(D0 → φη) = (1.81 ± 0.46 ± 0.06) × 10−4, and B(D+ → φπ+) = (5.70 ± 0.05 ± 0.13) × 10−3, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. In addition, the upper limit of the branching fraction for D+ → φK+ is given to be 2.1 × 10−5 at the 90% confidence level. The ratio of B(D0 → φπ0) to B(D+ → φπ+) is calculated to be (20.49 ± 0.50 ± 0.45)%, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction based on isospin symmetry between these two decay modes.
There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XYZ states at BESIII and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESIII, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons.
We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESIII during the remaining operation period of BEPCII. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCII to higher luminosity.
Using 𝑒+𝑒−→Λ+𝑐¯Λ−𝑐 production from a 567 pb−1 data sample collected by BESIII at 4.6 GeV, a full angular analysis is carried out simultaneously on the four decay modes of Λ+𝑐→𝑝𝐾0𝑆, Λ𝜋+, Σ+𝜋0, and Σ0𝜋+. For the first time, the Λ+𝑐 transverse polarization is studied in unpolarized 𝑒+𝑒− collisions, where a nonzero effect is observed with a statistical significance of 2.1𝜎. The decay asymmetry parameters of the Λ+𝑐 weak hadronic decays into 𝑝𝐾0𝑆, Λ𝜋+, Σ+𝜋0 and Σ0𝜋+ are measured to be 0.18±0.43(stat)±0.14(syst), −0.80±0.11(stat)±0.02(syst), −0.57±0.10(stat)±0.07(syst), and −0.73±0.17(stat)±0.07(syst), respectively. In comparison with previous results, the measurements for the Λ𝜋+ and Σ+𝜋0 modes are consistent but with improved precision, while the parameters for the 𝑝𝐾0𝑆 and Σ0𝜋+ modes are measured for the first time.
We measure the Born cross sections of the process 𝑒+𝑒−→𝐾+𝐾−𝐾+𝐾− at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies, √𝑠, between 2.100 and 3.080 GeV. The data were collected using the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An enhancement at √𝑠=2.232 GeV is observed, very close to the 𝑒+𝑒−→Λ¯Λ production threshold. A similar enhancement at the same c.m. energy is observed in the 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜙𝐾+𝐾− cross section. The energy dependence of the 𝐾+𝐾−𝐾+𝐾− and 𝜙𝐾+𝐾− cross sections differs significantly from that of 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜙𝜋+𝜋−.