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Drei neue Rubus-Arten (Haselblattbrombeeren) der Sektion werden beschrieben: Rubus tilioides W. JANSEN & H.E. WEBER mit Vorkommen vor allem in Thüringen, außerdem in Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt; R. anhaltianus H.E. WEBER (mittleres bis südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, angrenzendes Thüringen) und R. orbifrons H. E. WEBER (südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, ein Nachweis auch im angrenzenden Thüringen). Neu für Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewiesen wurde Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER. Außerdem wurden weitere Fundorte für Rubus wahlbergii ARRH. bei Bergwitz und Helbra in Sachsen-Anhalt ermittelt. Die neuen Arten sind illustriert durch Fotos ihrer Holotypen und von lebenden Pflanzen im Gelände. Ihre Verbreitung wird durch Auflistung von Herbarbelegen und durch Rasterkarten mitgeteilt.
Zwei Rubus-Arten werden erstmals beschrieben: Rubus amisiensis Weber (Ems-Brombeere, zur Ser. Silvatici F. gehörig), der im Emsland, in der Grafschaft Bentheim und in den Niederlanden verbreitet ist. Die zweite Art, Rubus conothyrsoides Weber, wächst vor allem im Hügelland im Raum zwischen Bielefeld und Lingen und ist hier streckenweise eine der häufigsten Arten. Sie gehört zu der hier neu aufgestellten Serie Anisacanthi Weber, die sich durch eine große Variabilität der Bestachelung und des Drüsenbesatzes auf dem Schößling auszeichnet. Die Holotypen der Arten sind abgebildet, die Verbreitung ist in Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Die Vegetationsverhältnisse des Lechtegors, eines meso- bis schwach eutrophen Sees 7 km südlich von Haselünne im Landkreis Lingen, werden behandelt. Der einstmals natürliche Zustand ist nach Flurbereinigungsmaßnahmen seit etwa 10 Jahren in starker Umwandlung begriffen: Durch Absenkung des Grundwassers sind der nasse Bruchwald und Weidengürtel sowie Teile des Röhrichts trockengefallen. Nach Ausbau eines in den See geleiteten Vorfluters trat eine zunehmende Hypertrophierung ein, die inzwischen zur Bildung einer mächtigen Faulschlammschicht geführt hat, durch die die freie Wassertiefe von einst wohl fast 20 m auf nur 2 bis 2,5 m eingeengt wurde. Einige Pflanzen und Pflanzengesellschaften sind infolge dieser Entwicklung ausgestorben, bei anderen haben sich charakteristische Umwandlungen ergeben, die im einzelnen dargestellt werden. Insgesamt zeigt das Lechtegor eine klar gegliederte Verlandungsserie über Schwimmblattgesellschaften (Potameto-Nupharetum), Schilfröhricht (Phragmitetum), Großseggenrieder (vor allem Caricetum acutiformis), Weidengürtel (Salicetum pentandro-cinereae) und Erlenbruch (Carici elongatae-Alnetum), der den Anschluß an die umgebende potentiell natürliche Querco-Betuletum-Landschaft bildet. - Vorschläge zur Sanierung und zum Naturschutz des auch in faunistischer Sicht erhaltungswürdigen Sees werden diskutiert.
Mit der dritten Auflage des Internationalen Code der Pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur wurde ein spezielles Komitee etabliert, um eine Entscheidung der Nomenklaturkommission über eingereichte Vorschläge für nomina ambigua, nomina inversa, nomina mutata und nomina conservanda zu erleichtern und zu beschleunigen. Wir legen hier den ersten Report dieses Komitees vor. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Hauptprobleme mit jeder einzelnen dieser vier Kategorien gegeben. Im zweiten Teil werden 19 Vorschläge diskutiert und eine Empfehlung gegeben, ob der Vorschlag akzeptiert oder abgelehnt werden sollte. Autoren, die einen Vorschlag an die Nomenklaturkommission senden möchten, werden gebeten, diesen Report als Richtlinie zu nutzen.
Rubus curvaciculatus Waisemann ex H. E. Weber (Subgenus Rubus Sect. Corylifolii Lindley Ser. Sepincola Weihe ex Focke) ist als neue Art beschrieben und abgebildet. Ihre Verbreitung in Dänemark, Deutschland, Tschechien und Polen ist angegeben. Rubus dethardingii E. H. L. Krause ist als sehr ähnliche Art mit seinen abweichenden Merkmalen behandelt. Rubus praecox Bertol., eine im südlichen Mitteleuropa und in Südeuropa weitverbreitete Brombeere, hat seine nördlichsten Fundorte in der Stadt Osnabrück (Dodesheide) und im angrenzenden Landkreis Osnabrück bei Rulle und Icker und wurde neuerdings eingeschleppt nach Achterberg im Kreis Grafschaft Bentheim.
Der ehemals in Altenhausen bei Erxleben lebende Gustav MAASS (1830-1901), „Societäts-Sekretär“ und „Bureauvorsteher bei der Generaldirection der Magdeburgischen Land-Feuersozietät“, hat sich, wie im Verbreitungsatlas der Brombeeren Sachsen-Anhalts (PEDERSEN et al. 1999) näher ausgeführt ist, intensiv mit der Flora seines Wohngebietes befaßt und war bislang überhaupt der einzige Botaniker in Sachsen-Anhalt, der sich auch mit der Gattung Rubus beschäftigte.
Er beschrieb hierbei auch die neue Brombeerart Rubus glaucovirens (Blaugrüne Brombeere), deren Verbreitung in Sachsen-Anhalt in dem oben genannten Atlas im Viertelquadranten-Raster der TK 25 dargestellt ist. Bislang fehlt von dieser Art jedoch immer noch eine moderne Standardbeschreibung und eine Abbildung, die hier geliefert werden sollen, um die Bestimmung der leicht zu erkennenden Sippe zu ermöglichen. Außerdem sollen hier auch die Nomenklatur und die Gesamtverbreitung behandelt werden.
Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf das bei Brombeeren übliche Standardmaterial (siehe z. B. WEBER 1995). Verbreitungsangaben beruhen auf den Ergebnissen der Kartierung von PEDERSEN et al. (1999) sowie auf anderen Beobachtungen und auf Exemplaren in europäischen Herbarien, die hier mit ihren international üblichen Akronymen (siehe HOLMGREN et al. 1990) angegeben sind. Das Herbarium des Verfassers ist mit We abgekürzt. Die früher in HAN (Universität Hannover) gesehenen Belege befinden sich jetzt in HBG (Hamburg), die Belege aus BHU (Herbarium des Museums für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin) jetzt in B (Herbarium des Botanischen Museums in Berlin-Dahlem). Die Fundorte sind, soweit möglich der TK 25 und dem Quadranten- oder Viertelquadrantenraster zugeordnet. Abbildung 2 wurde mit dem Programm FLOREIN (W. SUBAL 1997) erstellt.
Drei neue Rubus-Taxa sind beschrieben: Rubus montanus f. macromontanus H. E. WEBER forma nova (nachgewiesen in Frankreich, Österreich, Böhmen, Mähren, DDR und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), Rubus schnedleri H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser, Pallidi, in Hessen und den benachbarten Bereichen von Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz und Württemberg) sowie Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER (sect. Corylifolii ser, Vestitiusculi, verbreitet im südöstlichen Niedersachsen). Die neuen Taxa sind abgebildet, und ihre Verbreitung ist durch Karten und mit Zitierung von Herbarbelegen dargestellt.
Zwei von Rudolf Bauer künstlich erzeugte Hybriden werden als neue Nothospecies beschrieben: Ribes x nidigrolaria Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (=[R. nigrum x divaricatum] x [R. nigrum x uva-cripa]) and Fragaria x vescana Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (= [Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens x F. x ananassa] x F. x ananassa). Diese wirtschaftlich wichtigen Kulturarten sind bereits allgemein bekannt als „Jostabeere“ (cv. „Josta“) und als Vescana mit den Kultursorten „Spadeka“ und „Florika“. Die Hybridarten sind taxonomisch beschrieben, ihre Holotypen sind abgebildet, außerdem werden Einzelheiten zur Entstehung, zu den Eigenschaften und zur Kultur mitgeteilt.
Als Nachtrag zur "Flora von Südwest-Niedersachsen und dem benachbarten Westfalen" (Weber 1995) werden neuere Fundorte bemerkenswerter Farn- und Blütenpflanzen mitgeteilt. Dipsacus pilosus (L.) Swartz, Filago arvensis L., Leersia oryzoides L. und Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl)Palla, die im Gebiet längere Zeit verschollen waren, wurden an vorher meist unbekannten Wuchsorten entdeckt. Erstmals nachgewiesen wurden Hieracium flagel/are Willd. und Senecio sarracenicus.
Background: The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC) has established a multigene panel (TruRisk®) for the analysis of risk genes for familial breast and ovarian cancer. Summary: An interdisciplinary team of experts from the GC-HBOC has evaluated the available data on risk modification in the presence of pathogenic mutations in these genes based on a structured literature search and through a formal consensus process. Key Messages: The goal of this work is to better assess individual disease risk and, on this basis, to derive clinical recommendations for patient counseling and care at the centers of the GC-HBOC from the initial consultation prior to genetic testing to the use of individual risk-adapted preventive/therapeutic measures.
Background: The focus of this study is to identify particular microRNA (miRNA) signatures in exosomes derived from plasma of 435 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative (TN) subtypes of breast cancer (BC).
Methods: First, miRNA expression profiles were determined in exosomes derived from the plasma of 15 TNBC patients before neoadjuvant therapy using a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR-based microRNA array card containing 384 different miRNAs. Forty-five miRNAs associated with different clinical parameters were then selected and mounted on microRNA array cards that served for the quantification of exosomal miRNAs in 435 BC patients before therapy and 20 healthy women. Confocal microscopy, Western blot, and ELISA were used for exosome characterization.
Results: Quantification of 45 exosomal miRNAs showed that compared with healthy women, 10 miRNAs in the entire cohort of BC patients, 13 in the subgroup of 211 HER2-positive BC, and 17 in the subgroup of 224 TNBC were significantly deregulated. Plasma levels of 18 exosomal miRNAs differed between HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes, and 9 miRNAs of them also differed from healthy women. Exosomal miRNAs were significantly associated with the clinicopathological and risk factors. In uni- and multivariate models, miR-155 (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively) and miR-301 (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively) best predicted pathological complete response (pCR).
Conclusion: Our findings show a network of deregulated exosomal miRNAs with specific expression patterns in exosomes of HER2-positive and TNBC patients that are also associated with clinicopathological parameters and pCR within each BC subtype.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.
In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.
In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).
The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).
Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
The transcription factor p63 is expressed as at least six different isoforms, of which two have been assigned critical biological roles within ectodermal development and skin stem cell biology on the one hand and supervision of the genetic stability of oocytes on the other hand. These two isoforms contain a C-terminal inhibitory domain that negatively regulates their transcriptional activity. This inhibitory domain contains two individual components: one that uses an internal binding mechanism to interact with and mask the transactivation domain and one that is based on sumoylation. We have carried out an extensive alanine scanning study to identify critical regions within the inhibitory domain. These experiments show that a stretch of ~13 amino acids is crucial for the binding function. Further, investigation of transcriptional activity and the intracellular level of mutants that cannot be sumoylated suggests that sumoylation reduces the concentration of p63. We therefore propose that the inhibitory function of the C-terminal domain is in part due to direct inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the protein and in part due to indirect inhibition by controlling the concentration of p63. Keywords: p63, transcriptional regulation, auto-inhibition, sumoylation
Femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations K0 SK0 S and K0 SK± are studied in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV by the ALICE experiment. At both energies, boson source parameters are extracted for both pair combinations, by fitting models based on Gaussian size distributions of the sources, to the measured two-particle correlation functions. The interaction model used for the K0 SK0 S analysis includes quantum statistics and strong final-state interactions through the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances. The model used for the K0 SK± analysis includes only the final-state interaction through the a0 resonance. Source parameters extracted in the present work are compared with published values from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and the different pair combinations are found to be consistent. From the observation that the strength of the K0 SK0 S correlations is significantly greater than the strength of the K0 SK± correlations, the new results are compatible with the a0 resonance being a tetraquark state of the form (q1, q2, s, s), where q1 and q2 are u or d quarks.
First measurements of balance functions (BFs) of all combinations of identified charged hadron (π,K, p) pairs in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector are presented. The BF measurements are carried out as two-dimensional differential correlators versus the relative rapidity (Δy) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) of hadron pairs, and studied as a function of collision centrality. The Δφ dependence of BFs is expected to be sensitive to the light quark diffusivity in the quark–gluon plasma. While the BF azimuthal widths of all pairs substantially decrease from peripheral to central collisions, the longitudinal widths exhibit mixed behaviors: BFs of ππ and cross-species pairs narrow significantly in more central collisions, whereas those of KK and pp are found to be independent of collision centrality. This dichotomy is qualitatively consistent with the presence of strong radial flow effects and the existence of two stages of quark production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finally, the first measurements of the collision centrality evolution of BF integrals are presented, with the observation that charge balancing fractions are nearly independent of collision centrality in Pb–Pb collisions. Overall, the results presented provide new and challenging constraints for theoretical models of hadron production and transport in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Annihilation dynamics plays a fundamental role in the baryon–antibaryon interaction (B–B) at lowenergy and its strength and range are crucial in the assessment of possible baryonic bound states. Experimental data on annihilation cross sections are available for the p–p system but not in the low relative momentum region. Data regarding the B–B interaction with strange degrees of freedom are extremely scarce, hence the modeling of the annihilation contributions is mainly based on nucleon–antinucleon (N–N) results, when available. In this letter we present a measurement of the p–p, p–⊕p– and – interaction using correlation functions in the relative momentum space in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. In the p–p system the couplings to the mesonic channels in different partial waves are extracted by adopting a coupled-channel approach with recent χEFT potentials. The inclusion of these inelastic channels provides good agreement with the data, showing a significant presence of the annihilation term down to zero momentum. Predictions obtained using the Lednický–Lyuboshits formula and scattering parameters obtained from heavy-ion collisions, hence mainly sensitive to elastic processes, are compared with the experimental p–⊕p– and – correlations. The model describes the – data and underestimates the p–⊕p– data in the region of momenta below 200 MeV/c. The observed deviation indicates a different contribution of annihilation channels to the two systems containing strange hadrons.
The first results on K∗(892)± resonance production in inelastic pp collisions at LHC energies of √s = 5.02, 8, and 13 TeV are presented. The K∗(892)± has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K∗(892)± → K0 S + π± with the ALICE detector. Measurements of transverse momentum distributions, pT-integrated yields, and mean transverse momenta for charged K∗(892) are found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for neutral K∗(892) within uncertainties. For pT > 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± transverse momentum spectra become harder with increasing centre-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 13 TeV, similar to what previously observed for charged kaons and pions. For pT < 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± yield does not evolve significantly and the abundance of K∗(892)± relative to K is rather independent of the collision energy. The transverse momentum spectra, measured for K∗(892)± at midrapidity in the interval 0 < pT < 15 GeV/c, are not well described by predictions of different versions of PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and EPOS-LHC event generators. These generators reproduce the measured pTintegrated K∗±/K ratios and describe well the momentum dependence for pT < 2 GeV/c.
Neutral pion (π0) and η meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta (pT) in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV. The mesons were reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel in the rapidity interval −1.3 < y < 0.3 in the ranges of 0.4 < pT < 200 GeV/c and 1.0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, respectively. The respective nuclear modification factor (RpPb) is presented for pT up to of 200 and 30 GeV/c, where the former was achieved by extending the π0 measurement in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV using the merged cluster technique. The values of RpPb are below unity for pT < 10 GeV/c, while they are consistent with unity for pT > 10 GeV/c, leaving essentially no room for final state energy loss. The new data provide strong constraints for nuclear parton distribution and fragmentation functions over a broad kinematic range and are compared to model predictions as well as previous results at √sNN = 5.02 TeV.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.