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Institute
In quantum scattering processes between two particles, aspects characterizing the strong and Coulomb forces can be observed in kinematic distributions of the particle pairs. The sensitivity to the interaction potential reaches a maximum at low relative momentum and vanishing distance between the two particles. Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide an abundant source of many hadron species and can be employed as a measurement method of scattering parameters that is complementary to scattering experiments. This study confirms that momentum correlations of particles produced in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC provide an accurate measurement of kaon-proton scattering parameters at low relative momentum, allowing precise access to the K−p→K−p process. This work also validates the femtoscopic measurement in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions as an alternative to scattering experiments and a complementary tool to the study of exotic atoms with comparable precision. In this work, the first femtoscopic measurement of momentum correlations of K−p (K+p¯¯¯) and K+p(K−p¯¯¯) pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV registered by the ALICE experiment is reported. The components of the K−p complex scattering length are extracted and found to be Rf0=−0.91± 0.03(stat)+0.17−0.03(syst) and If0=0.92± 0.05(stat)+0.12−0.33(syst). The results are compared with chiral effective field theory predictions as well as with existing data from dedicated scattering and exotic kaonic atom experiments.
The interaction of Λ and Σ hyperons (Y) with nucleons (N) is strongly influenced by the coupled-channel dynamics. Due to the small mass difference of the NΛ and NΣ systems, the coupling strength of the NΣ↔NΛ processes is non-negligible and constitutes a crucial element in the determination of the NΛ interaction. In this letter we present the most precise measurements on the interaction of pΛ pairs, from zero relative momentum up to the opening of the NΣ channel. The correlation function in the relative momentum space for pΛ⊕p¯¯¯Λ¯¯¯¯ pairs measured in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The opening of the inelastic NΣ channels is visible in the extracted correlation function as a cusp-like structure occurring at relative momentum k∗ = 289 MeV/c. This represents the first direct experimental observation of the NΣ→NΛ coupled channel in the pΛ system. The correlation function is compared with recent chiral effective field theory calculations, based on different strengths of the NΣ↔NΛ transition potential. A weaker coupling, as possibly supported by the present measurement, would require a more repulsive three-body NNΛ interaction for a proper description of the Λ in-medium properties, which has implications on the nuclear equation of state and for the presence of hyperons inside neutron stars.
The interaction of Λ and Σ hyperons (Y) with nucleons (N) is strongly influenced by the coupled-channel dynamics. Due to the small mass difference of the NΛ and NΣ systems, the sizeable coupling strength of the NΣ↔NΛ processes constitutes a crucial element in the determination of the NΛ interaction. In this letter we present the most precise measurements on the interaction of pΛ pairs, from zero relative momentum up to the opening of the NΣ channel. The correlation function in the relative momentum space for pΛ⊕p¯¯¯Λ¯¯¯¯ pairs measured in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The opening of the inelastic NΣ channels is visible in the extracted correlation function as a cusp-like structure occurring at relative momentum k∗ = 289 MeV/c. This represents the first direct experimental observation of the NΣ→NΛ coupled channel in the pΛ system. The correlation function is compared with recent chiral effective field theory calculations, based on different strengths of the NΣ↔NΛ transition potential. A weaker coupling, as possibly supported by the present measurement, would require a more repulsive three-body NNΛ interaction for a proper description of the Λ in-medium properties, which has implications on the nuclear equation of state and for the presence of hyperons inside neutron stars.
The first measurement of the dependence on |t|, the square of the momentum transferred between the incoming and outgoing target nucleus, of coherent J/ψ photoproduction is presented. The data were measured with the ALICE detector in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the J/ψ produced in the central rapidity region |y|<0.8, which corresponds to the small Bjorken-x range (0.3−1.4)×10−3.
The measured |t|-dependence is not described by computations based only on the Pb nuclear form factor, while the photonuclear cross section is better reproduced by models including shadowing according to the leading-twist approximation, or gluon-saturation effects from the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. This new observable is therefore a valid tool to constrain the relevant model parameters and to investigate the transverse gluonic structure at very low Bjorken-x.
The first measurement of the cross section for coherent J/ψ photoproduction as a function of |t|, the square of the momentum transferred between the incoming and outgoing target nucleus, is presented. The data were measured with the ALICE detector in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the J/ψ produced in the central rapidity region |y|<0.8, which corresponds to the small Bjorken-x range (0.3−1.4)×10−3. The measured |t|-dependence is not described by computations based only on the Pb nuclear form factor, while the photonuclear cross section is better reproduced by models including shadowing according to the leading-twist approximation, or gluon-saturation effects from the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. These new results are therefore a valid tool to constrain the relevant model parameters and to investigate the transverse gluonic structure at very low Bjorken-x.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−−√=5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+s→ϕπ+, with ϕ→K−K+, in the pT intervals 2<pT<50 GeV/c and 2<pT<36 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. For pT>10 GeV/c, the measured D+s-meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+s-meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+s relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+s/D0 production yield ratios in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb-Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2<pT<8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+s mesons was measured in Pb-Pb collisions in the 30-50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+s/D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark-gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−−√=5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+s→ϕπ+, with ϕ→K−K+, in the pT intervals 2<pT<50 GeV/c and 2<pT<36 GeV/c for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. For pT>10 GeV/c, the measured D+s-meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+s-meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+s relative to non-strange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+s/D0 production yield ratios in Pb-Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb-Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2<pT<8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0-10% and 30-50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+s mesons was measured in Pb-Pb collisions in the 30-50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+s/D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark-gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of 3ΛH in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval −1<y<0 for the 40% highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat.)±1.2(syst.)]×10−7. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronisation and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in charged particle multiplicity environments relevant to small collision systems such as p-Pb and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6.9σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronization model, thus constraining the theory behind the production of loosely bound states at hadron colliders.
The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of 3ΛH in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval −1<y<0 for the 40% highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat.)±1.2(syst.)]×10−7. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronisation and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in small collision systems such as p-Pb and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronisation, thus constraining the production mechanism of loosely bound states.
This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕p¯¯¯-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV by the ALICE collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be gN−ϕ=0.14±0.03(stat.)±0.02(syst.). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.