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The southern South American genus Guaranita includes tiny spiders (body length ~1 mm) that lead reclusive lives under ground-objects and run rapidly when disturbed. As a result, they have been poorly collected and studied. Here we report on a recent collection of Guaranita spiders from Argentina, describing one new species (G. auadae Huber sp. nov.) and the previously unknown female of G. dobby Torres et al., 2016. In addition, we provide CO1 barcodes for all (now five) known species, first SEM data, and first chromosome data for the genus. The diploid number of Guaranita goloboffi Huber, 2000 (2n♂ = 11) is among the lowest in araneomorph spiders with monocentric chromosome structure.
The mountain bumblebees of the subgenus Alpigenobombus Skorikov, 1914, are uniquely distinctive because the females have enlarged mandibles with six large, evenly spaced teeth, which they use to bite holes in long-corolla flowers for nectar robbing. Recognition of species in this subgenus has been uncertain, with names used in various combinations. To revise the species, we examined COI-like barcodes for evidence of species’ gene coalescents using MrBayes and PTP and we compare the coalescent groups with morphological variation for integrative assessment. While we seek to include only orthologous barcodes (the ‘good’) and exclude all of the more strongly divergent barcode-like numts (the ‘bad’), for some nominal taxa only low-divergence numts could be obtained (the ‘ugly’). For taxa with no orthologous sequences available, using a minimum number of the lowest divergence numts did yield coalescent candidates for species that were consistent with morphologically diagnosable groups. These results agree in recognising 11 species within this subgenus, supporting: (1) recognising the widespread European Bombus mastrucatus Gerstaecker, 1869 stat. rev. as a species separate from the west Asian B. wurflenii Radoszkowski, 1860 s. str.; (2) the recently recognised B. rainai Williams, 2022, as a species separate from B. kashmirensis Friese, 1909, within the western Himalaya; (3) the recognition once again of B. sikkimi Friese, 1918 stat. rev. and B. validus Friese, 1905 stat. rev. as species separate from B. nobilis Friese, 1905 s. str. within the eastern Himalaya and Hengduan regions; (4) confirming the recognition of B. angustus Chiu, 1948, B. breviceps Smith, 1852 s. lat., B. genalis Friese, 1918, and B. grahami (Frison, 1933) as separate species within the Himalaya, China, and Southeast Asia; (5) recognising the conspecificity of the nominal taxa (not species) channicus Gribodo, 1892 (Southeast Asia) and dentatus Handlirsch, 1888 (Himalaya) as parts of the species B. breviceps s. lat. (southern and eastern China); and (6) recognising the conspecificity of the rare taxon beresovskii (Skorikov, 1933) syn. n. as part of the species B. grahami within China. Nectar robbing by bumblebees is reviewed briefly and prospects for future research discussed.
Few species of Japygidae (Diplura) have been discovered in cave ecosystems despite their importance as large predators. A small collection of rare specimens of this hexapod group has allowed to explore the taxonomy of japygids from caves in New Zealand, Morocco and South Africa, and to describe one new genus: Imazighenjapyx Sendra & Sánchez-García gen. nov., as well as four new species: Austrjapyx wynbergensis Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov., Imazighenjapyx marocanus Sendra & Sánchez-García gen. et sp. nov., Opisthjapyx naledi Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov. and Teljapyx aotearoa Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov. For each of the new taxa we give a comprehensive description of their habitats. These new findings resulted in a revision of the distribution and allowed to re-evaluate the morphological traits of the fifteen cave-adapted japygids species already known worldwide. The functional morphology of the remarkable abdominal pincers of Japygidae and their adaptation to predation are discussed, as well as their potential role in mating behaviour.
The species of Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 are reviewed. Three new species, R. bui sp. nov. from Guangxi, China and Lạng Sơn, Vietnam, R. elongatus sp. nov. from Hà Tĩnh, Vietnam and R. turgidus sp. nov. from Sichuan and Chongqing, China are described. Supplemental descriptions, diagnoses and new distribution records are provided for the fourteen previously known species, i.e., R. abdominalis Andersen & Chen, 1995, R. anderseni Tran & Yang, 2006, R. angustus Tran & Nguyen, 2016, R. chinensis Hungerford & Matsuda, 1959, R. constrictus Tran & Nguyen, 2016, R. edentatus Andersen & Chen, 1995, R. gongvo Tran & Yang, 2006, R. lundbladi (Hungerford, 1957), R. malaisei Andersen & Chen, 1995, R. recurvus Andersen & Chen, 1995, R. scorpio Andersen & Chen, 1995, R. svenhedini (Lundblad, 1934), R. takahashii Esaki, 1923, and R. zetteli Tran & Nguyen, 2016. Photographs and line drawings of the habitus, diagnostic characteristics of both sexes, the habitat and in-situ photographs are presented. A revised key to the species of Rhyacobates is also provided.
Fourteen new species of the Colletes fasciatus species group are described, all of them endemic to the winter rainfall area in South Africa: C. ascopalis sp. nov. ♀, C. carolinae sp. nov. ♀♂, C. cedarbergensis sp. nov. ♀, C. fabiani sp. nov. ♀♂, C. fuscitergus sp. nov. ♂, C. khoisanorum sp. nov. ♀, C. kogelbergensis sp. nov. ♀♂, C. littoralis sp. nov. ♀, C. longitarsus sp. nov. ♂, C. peerboomi sp. nov. ♀, C. richtersveldensis sp. nov. ♀, C. ruschia sp. nov. ♀♂, C. spinipes sp. nov. ♂, C. troetroeensis sp. nov. ♀. Two species are synonymized based on newly recognized sex associations: C. katharinae Kuhlmann, 2007 syn. nov. is synonymized with C. infracognitus Cockerell, 1937 and C. bokkeveldi Kuhlmann, 2007 syn. nov. with C. zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007. The previously unknown female of C. inornatus Cockerell, 1946 is described for the first time and new records of already described species are added. All of the currently known 37 species of the C. fasciatus-group are imaged and included in a key to facilitate their identification.
A new species of brittle star was collected in 2021 by the manned submersible “Fendouzhe” from the central rift zone deep waters, Philippine Sea, at a depth of 7729 m. It is described as Ophiuroglypha fendouzhe sp. nov., and is distinguished from its congeners based on the following features: slender arms, separated dorsal and ventral arm plates, overlapping large disc scales, and distally contiguous radial shields. We provide comprehensive descriptions of the external morphological features, including characteristics of the arm skeleton, and a phylogenetic analysis based on COI sequences. The interspecific genetic distance variation in the genus Ophiuroglypha found in this study was 3.89% to 24.25%. The new species constitutes the deepest known record for the genus Ophiuroglypha.
A new planthopper genus, Aodingus Chen & Li gen. nov. and three new species (A. hainanensis Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov., A. obscurus Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov. and A. cuongi Chen & Li gen. et sp. nov.) are described from China and Vietnam. The new genus is superficially similar to Procidelphax Bartlett, 2009 in general appearance in that the body is strongly dorsoventrally flattened. Distinctive features of the new taxon include broadly compressed body with vertex broad, apical margin broadly rounded, middle part concave, median and submedian carinae absent, frons broad and large, wider at base than at apex, forewing broad and long, aedeagus tubular, curved ventrally. A diagnosis for all species, illustrations and an identification key of new genus are provided. A key to the Chinese genera of Tropidocephalini is also provided.
A comprehensive checklist of Habenaria from Chapada dos Veadeiros, State of Goiás, was performed alongside morphologic and molecular phylogenetic studies, revealing three new taxa endemic to this region. A total of 61 taxa (59 species and two varieties) of Habenaria are recorded for Chapada dos Veadeiros, representing a two-fold increase compared to previous lists and comprising one of the greatest diversities of the genus in Brazil. Of this total, four taxa are locally endemic. Habenaria cultellifolia, until recently known only from the type collection, was rediscovered in the region after 127 years without records and represents this species’ only known extant population. Three proposed new taxa of Habenaria (H. minuticalcar J.A.N. Bat. & Bianch. sp. nov., H. proiteana J.A.N. Bat., A.A. Vale & Bianch. sp. nov., and H. lavrensis var. xanthodactyla J.A.N. Bat. & Bianch. var. nov.) are corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid markers. They are described, illustrated, tentatively assessed as threatened, and compared to phylogenetically and morphologically related species. Since some areas of this mountain range have not yet been floristically sampled, additional taxonomic novelties and new records are still expected in the future.
Strange new spiders: on Roddenberryus, a new and unusual caponiid genus (Araneae, Caponiidae)
(2023)
The new nopine genus Roddenberryus gen. nov. is erected to include in total five species: three new species, R. kirk gen. et sp. nov. (male and female) from Costa Rica, R. spock gen. et sp. nov. (female) from Campeche, Mexico and R. mccoy gen. et sp. nov. (male) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, as well as two species previously misplaced in Caponina Simon, i.e., R. sargi (Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) gen. et comb. nov. from Guatemala and R. pelegrina (Bryant, 1940) gen. et comb. nov. from Cuba. A male specimen reported as C. sargi Pickard-Cambridge from Costa Rica by E. Kritscher (1957) is assigned to Roddenberryus kirk together with one female collected at the same locality. The new genus is characterized by the distally projected endites and a triangular, projected labium, a conformation unique among nopines; also by a triangular, very short, scaly gladius, serrula with interspersed multiple tooth rows, and a tarsal organ with strongly projected margins. Roddenberryus shares with Tarsonops Chamberlin the cracked tarsi and metatarsi, with multiple adesmatic joints intertwined on the cuticle and an unusual internal respiratory system with both posterior tracheae fused in a single trunk.
Two new species of Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 are described from India: P. godawan Tripathi & Sankaran sp. nov. (♂♀), collected from the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, and P. maldhok Kuni, Tripathi & Sankaran sp. nov. (♂♀), collected from Maharashtra. Images of the endogyne and male palp of the holotype and paratype of P. narsinhmehtai Parajapati, Hun & Raval, 2021 are presented to facilitate its identification. A key to Indian species of Palpimanus and a catalogue of Indian palpimanid spiders are provided. The current distribution of all the known Indian palpimanid spiders is mapped.
Two species of Xorides Latreille, 1809 are reported parasitizing wood-boring insects in trunks and relatively larger twigs of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in Kuandian Manzu Autonomous County, Liaoning, in the Palaearctic part of China. Two new species are described: X. juglanse Sheng, Broad & Sun sp. nov. and X. kuandianense Sheng, Broad & Sun sp. nov. One species, X. sapporensis (Uchida, 1928), was associated with wood-borers in J. mandshurica Maxim. for the first time. A key to the 46 species of Xorides Latreille known from China is provided.
Scelolabes, historically is a monotypic genus of Ocydromiinae (Hybotidae) that for a long time was not studied due to the absence of the type of the type species (Scelolabes bivittatus Philippi), which is probably lost or destroyed. In this context, we propose an updated diagnosis and redescription of the genus, based on specimens identified by experts and in agreement with the original description of Philippi (1865), as well as illustrating male and female terminalia for the first time. This serves as an aid to discuss and corroborate the status of Scelolabes in the Neotropical region as a genus distinct from Hoplopeza. In addition, two new species are described, and an identification key and a distribution map are provided to all the Neotropical species of the genus.
Panaeolus punjabensis M. Asif, Q. Firdous, A. Izhar, Niazi & Khalid sp. nov. was collected from three different localities (Bahawalnagar, Kasur, and Lahore) in Punjab, Pakistan. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and D1/D2 domain of large subunit (28S) rDNA confirmed the taxonomic distinctness of this species. The new species is potentially hallucinogenic and characterized by a parabolic pileus with a light brown center, broadly fusiform basidiospores, presence of cheilocystidia, pileocystidia, and caulocystidia, and absence of pleurocystidia and clamp connections. The DNA sequences of the species clustered together in a well-supported distinct clade. We present a detailed description, photographs, and line drawings, and elucidate and discuss the phylogenetic position of the new species. Morphological comparisons with phylogenetically and morphologically allied species are discussed.
Three new species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 viz., P. indica sp. nov., P. adeeli sp. nov. and P. paratretzeli sp. nov. collected from dung beetles and P. cylindrica (Cobb, 1898) collected from soil samples, are described and illustrated. Pelodera indica sp. nov. is characterised by sexual dimorphism in anterior region, cupola-shaped tail with a spike; males having punctated, striated and lobed bursa with no genital papillae originating anterior to cloaca. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov. is characterised by coarsely annulated cuticle; relatively narrow stoma; tail conoid without spike; males with punctated, lobed bursa and nine pairs of genital papillae arranged in a 2/1+2+P+3+1 configuration. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov. is characterised by sexual dimorphism in anterior region, stoma wide with three well-developed metastegostomal denticles; tail cupola-shaped with a long spike; males having spicules fused distally up to 12–14% of spicule length; bursa peloderan, anteriorly closed and punctated with nine pairs of genital papillae arranged in a 3/2+P+3+1 configuration. Pelodera cylindrica is described with additional details. The comparative analysis as well as phylogenetic relationship of the species belonging to the coarctata group have been elaborated by incorporating scanning electron microscopic observations. Information on the biogeographical distribution has also been provided.
The genus Parandes Muir, 1925 (Cixiinae, Andini) is recorded from China for the first time with two new species, Parandes circinatus Wang & Chen sp. nov. and Parandes fuscus Wang & Chen sp. nov. Color images for the adults of the two new species and line drawings for the genitalia are provided. A key is presented to separate all species within the genus.
We simultaneously considered morphology and molecular phylogeny to modify the generic classification of the ‘pyropterine clade’ (Lycidae, Erotinae, Dictyopterini). To place species previously included in Benibotarus Kôno, 1932 in reciprocally monophyletic genera, we propose Gomezzuritus gen. nov. with the type-species Dictyopterus alternatus Fairmaire, 1856. Further, we transfer Gomezzuritus alternatus (Fairmaire, 1856) comb. nov., G. longicornis (Reiche, 1878) comb. nov., and G. rubripes (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. from Benibotarus to Gomezzuritus gen. nov. The pyropterine clade contains five genera in the Palaearctic region: Pyropterus Mulsant, 1838, Gomezzuritus gen. nov., Helcophorus Fairmaire, 1891, Greenarus Kazantsev, 1995, and Benibotarus Kôno, 1932. The arrangement of longitudinal elytral costae proved misleading for consideration of relationships. Two genera in distant positions share only four primary costae (Pyropterus and Helcophorus), and three similarly distant genera share the shortened primary costa 3, resulting in three primary and four secondary longitudinal costae (Gomezzuritus, Greenarus, and Benibotarus). The larva of Gomezzuritus alternatus is described in detail, and it is compared with the larvae of other Dictyopterini, including the presumed larva of G. longicornis.
This work provides the first revision and illustration of the type material of the ammonite species Parahoplites abichi Anthula [Type species of Protacanthoplites Tovbina] and Parahoplites aschiltaensis Anthula [Type species of Acanthohoplites Sinzow] from the upper Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of Dagestan, Russia. The close affinities and synonymy between these two species are confirmed, and Acanthohoplites aschiltaensis is here retained as the senior valid name by its long quoting history and its historical use as a zonal index of the upper Aptian. The genus Protacanthoplites should be thus synonymised with Acanthohoplites by priority in the date of publication. Comparison with, and distinction from, closely allied Acanthohoplitidae is provided.
Costanana DeLong & Freytag, 1972 is a Neotropical genus of leafhoppers currently comprising 13 species with a wide distribution from Mexico to Argentina. In this study, eight new species of Costanana are described, C. xenomorpha sp. nov. from Department of Cuzco, Peru, and seven Brazilian species: C. alata sp. nov. from Minas Gerais State; C. bifida sp. nov. from Paraná and Mato Grosso states; C. cifi sp. nov., C. obtusa sp. nov. and C. piraquarensis from Paraná State; C. luzi sp. nov. from Distrito Federal; and C. rubromarginata sp. nov. from Mato Grosso and Pará states. We propose that Costanana cella DeLong & Freytag, 1972 is a junior synonym of C. praecellens (Stål, 1862) and C. asymmetrica DeLong & Freytag, 1972 is a junior synonym of Gypona viridans DeLong & Martinson, 1972. Costanana costata DeLong & Freytag, 1972 and C. flavicosta (Stål, 1862) are transferred to Gypona Germar, 1821, C. minuta (Spångberg, 1878) is transferred to Acuponana DeLong & Freytag, 1970 and Gypona nupera Van Duzee, 1907 is transferred to Costanana. Gypona costata comb. nov. and Costanana santana DeLong & Wolda, 1983 are newly recorded from Pernambuco State, and Gypona flavicosta comb. nov. is recorded from Espírito Santo and Paraná states, Brazil. The female genitalia of Costanana flavina DeLong & Freytag, 1972, C. praecellens and Gypona flavicosta comb. nov. are described and illustrated for the first time and a brief note on feeding behavior is given for C. flavina and C. praecellens. A key to males and a new diagnosis are provided for Costanana. We also describe and illustrate Metacostana cornuta gen. et sp. nov., a new Brazilian genus for Gyponini sharing characteristics with Costanana, Acuthana Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2018, Domahovana Silva et al., 2022 and Dumorpha DeLong & Freytag, 1975.
The planthopper family Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha) and the tribe Adenissini are recorded here for the first time from the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen). A new genus, Oceatra gen. nov., is described for two new species from Socotra Island – Oceatra litoralis gen. et sp. nov. (type species) from coastal sand dunes and salt marshes, and O. scandens gen. et sp. nov. from evergreen montane woodland and shrub communities of the Hagher mountains. Oceatra gen. nov. is similar to Perissana Metcalf, 1952 but differs in the structure of the male style and phallobase. A key to distinguish the genera of the subtribe Adenissina is provided.
The taxonomy of Loboscelidiinae in Vietnam is revised, with 16 new species being described: Loboscelidia bachmaensis sp. nov., L. barbata sp. nov., L. cilia sp. nov., L. convexa sp. nov., L. cucphuongensis sp. nov., L. cuneata sp. nov., L. do sp. nov., L. flavipes sp. nov., L. glabra sp. nov., L. komedai sp. nov., L. mediata sp. nov., L. parallela sp. nov., L. piriformis sp. nov., L. squamosa sp. nov., L. vang sp. nov. and L. vietnamensis sp. nov. In total, 24 species of Loboscelidia are recognized in the fauna of Vietnam. Keys to Indo-Chinese male and world female of Loboscelidia are provided. A brief observation of the foraging behavior of L. squamosa sp. nov. is also reported. Host-carriage and subsequent host egg burying are considered primary nesting behaviors of solitary wasps.