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Welcome to Issue 84 of Australasian Arachnology. I’d like to begin this editorial by first making special mention of the late Doug Wallace OAM (1923-2012), who passed away in June this year. Doug was a founding member of the Australasian Arachnological Society, and would be further known to many as the founder and President of the long-running Rockhampton Arachnological Society. Robert Raven and I have written a small notice re. Doug’s passing in the General Announcements section (below), and Robert will contribute a full obituary for Doug in the following issue of the newsletter. Vale Doug – you will be sorely missed.
Welcome to Issue 83 of Australasian
Arachnology. I’d like to begin this editorial by
once again noting the steady stream of new
members who are joining the society, and
observing (as always) the exemplary recent
research outputs in the Australasian region. The
Australasian arachnological community continues
to maintain a strong interest in our
remarkable arachnid fauna, and continues to
promote arachnology throughout the region.
This is by no means a straightforward task,
given the negative public perceptions that often
accompany our eight-legged friends, and given
the sometimes challenging research funding
environment for taxonomic and biodiversity
research. Certainly, having watched the society
grow over the last twenty years, and having
seen perceptions of the Australasian fauna
change during that time, it is both reassuring
and exciting to look ahead. With unparalleled
population growth throughout the region and
the world, and unprecedented pressures on our
natural landscapes, habitats and remaining
natural biomes, it is critical that arachnids (and
indeed all invertebrates) continue to receive the
growing recognition they deserve among
ecologists, conservation biologists, legislators
and the public at large. The 10th Invertebrate
Biodiversity and Conservation Conference in
Melbourne in December 2011 confirmed just
how active research in this field is, and there is
no doubt that Australasian arachnids will
continue to be the focus of much positive
attention over the next few years.
Welcome to Issue 82 of Australasian
Arachnology. The last six months have been
extremely productive for the Australasian
Arachnological Society, with nine new
members and numerous new papers being
published by existing AAS members. It is
wonderful to see such a dynamic and growing
membership, and to witness the continuing
fascination elicited by our remarkable arachnid
fauna. Indeed, since the beginning of 2011, over
50 new species of arachnids have been
described from Australasia, including pseudoscorpions
and numerous spiders in the families
Selenopidae, Archaeidae, Amaurobiidae, Tetragnathidae
and Araneidae. The sheer diversity
of undescribed arachnid species in Australasia
has always posed a challenge to systematists
and ecologists, but major attempts are being
made to document the fauna. Take, for example,
Pinkfloydia, a new genus of Tetragnathidae
recently described from Western
Australia!
Six clearly separable evolutionary levels in the floral evolution of the Ranunculaceae were found to coincide with the six corresponding stages of sensory development of their pollinators as follows: amorphic -> haplomorphic -> actinomorphic -> pleomorphic -> stereomorphic-zygomorphic. This is a basic trend of floral evolution, fully recapitulated in a single family. Except for the first (amorphic), all upper levels are represented in the present-day floras as clearly separable type-classes. They are therefore accessible to direct observations and experimental study. Extensive statistical data on flower visitors of the Ranunculaceae confirm the proposed theory of the mutual interrelationship between the evolutionary levels of flower types and sensory stages of pollinating insects. The new picture, obtained by this study, gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary relationship between insects and plants and explains the extreme diversity in the floral structure of the Ranunculaceae.
Lumbrineris is restricted and redefined, and species are redescribed based upon type materials. The generic diagnostic features are chaetae of three types: simple and compound multidentate hooded
hooks, and limbate chaetae; the maxillary apparatus is labidognath with five pairs of maxillae,
maxillae II are as long as maxillae I with wide connecting plate slightly developed along the base of maxillae n. Lumbrineris, as herein redefined includes L. albifrons, L. amboinensis, L. aniara, L.
annulata, L. californiensis, L. cingulata, L. coccinea, L. crosnieri sp. nov., L. cruzensis, L.
floridana, L. futilis , L. grandis, L. higuchiae sp. nov., L, imajimai sp. nov., L, index, L, indica sp. nov., L. inflata, L. inhacea, L,japonica, L, kerguelensis, L. knoxi sp. nov., L. latreilli, L. limieola, L. magalhaensis, L. mustaquimi sp. nov., L. nasuta, L, nishii sp. nov., L. nonatoi, L, oeulata, L. oxyehaeta, L. pallida, L, paucidentata, L. perkinsi, L. reunionensis sp. nov., L. setosa, L. vanhoeffeni. The taxonomic status of 21 other species originally described as Lumbrineris is discussed. A key to all valid species is included.
In the present revision of Sabia the number of species has been reduced from 55 to 19, including two that are described as new. Below the specific level, a new subspecies and a new variety are described, whereas some new infra specific combinations have been made. Most of the reduced species have been included in the synonymy of S. campanulata, which consequently represents the most complex and most variable species of the genus. Next to a general key, some regional keys are given as on the one hand some widespread species are locally far less variable than taken over their whole area, on the other hand well-delimited species from different regions may be very uniform in some points.
The seed collection of the species of the Gesneriaceae on which this study is based was obtained, for the most part, during a number of visits to the herbaria of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., and the Royal Botanical Garden of Kew, London, and Edinburgh, Scotland. The seed collection comprises well over 800 samples of about 700 species of the Gesneriaceae, representing 113 genera of the 127 in the family, and provides a good taxonomic representation of the Gesneriaceae. Following an examination of all the samples in the seed collection, over 300 species of the 113 genera were selected to represent the wide range of seed morphology characters observed among the examined species of the Gesneriaceae. A system with which to analyze and diagnose seed surface morphology, designed by the author, is based on a format of six major categories and 60 tertiary terms of seed morphology characters and a companion diagnostic table. The categories are arranged in a sequence of increasingly smaller seed characters, ranging from seed shape to the ultrastructural characters of the individual cells. To ensure that the system would also apply to seed plants in general, the seeds, achenes and nutlets of a wide variety of species from families other than the Gesneriaceae were examined. Twenty species from 13 families other than the Gesneriaceae were then selected and are included in this study and, together with the Gesneriaceae, represent eight of the ten subclasses of the flowering plants (Cronquist 1968). The seeds, achenes and nutlets of all the species included in this study are illustrated with SEM photomicrographs on the 54 plates of the Seed Atlas, and the seed morphology data of each species are recorded on the diagnostic tables that face each of the Atlas Plates. To facilitate the comparison of the taxa of the Gesneriaceae, and to assist in the identification of the seeds of the examined species of the Gesneriaceae, the seed morphology data are also recorded on a summary table at the genus, tribe, subfamily and family levels. The seed morphology of the Gesneriaceae is compared and contrasted with the current classifications of the family at the species, genus, tribe, subfamily and family levels. The seed analysis system designed for this study has proven to be a rapid, efficient, uniform, objective method to deal with the analytical, diagnostic, and taxonomic aspects of an investigation of seed morphology. In addition, the system readily lends itself to the substitution or addition of terms and categories if needed, or to programming for a computerized analysis of seed morphology. It is hoped that the system will prove useful to other investigators, as well as prove helpful to standardize future investigations of seed
morphology.