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The article characterizes the stylistic tendencies found in academic economic texts with a high degree of abstraction presenting economic theory from the end of the 18th century to the present day. At the centre of the author's attention are changes that are visible on the microstructural level of the text. In this connection, the author also describes quantitative methods that can be used in the diachronic analysis of academic texts.
Das Zusammenspiel der Valenz- und Konstruktionsgrammatik auf dem Feld der syntaktischen Analysen
(2013)
Many linguistic discussions have focused on the question whether construction grammar represents an alternative descriptive grammatical model to valency grammar. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the pros and cons of valency grammar-based and construction grammar-based models using actual linguistic data, demonstrating that both models are mutually complementary and thus represent a suitable framework for syntactic and semantic analysis.
Wie öffentlich ist die Hand? : Über Sinn und Unsinn eines Signifikanztests in der Korpuslinguistik
(2012)
In this article it will be shown that the use of a special statistical method for testing the significance of the co-occurrence of the type öffentlich+Hand (the Chi square test) does not make sense in a very large corpus. That means that one main test for measuring the significance of a collocation cannot be applied under standard conditions.
This article examines changes to street names in the city of Oppeln before the transformation to Polish names in 1945. The research is based on a corpus comprising a complete official register of streets and squares in Oppeln/Opole from the beginnings of the town's history to 2010. The author focuses on the changes in the use of language over the centuries, the form of the hodonyms (on the morphosyntactic level), and the motives for the changes in individual street names.
This article focuses on the means of expressing emotionality in internet commentaries written in German and Czech; the commentaries consist of reactions to news items on political topics. The author applies a contrastive approach. Politics is a field holding a strong potential for emotionality, which significantly affects text production. Internet commentaries in German and Czech are characterized by the use of verbal and non-verbal means that are typical of "cyberslang". The article also focuses on emotional nomination (of politicians and parties), offers a comparison of the cognitive concepts underlying this nomination in both languages, and examines the means of expressing the emotion "anger" - which is closely related to politics.
The paper presents an analysis and a comparison of the meanings and functions of proverbs in two editorials by the lawyer and journalist Dr Jakob Eben. The texts comment on the situation and the relations between nationalities in the Habsburg Monarchy in July 1880. One proverb is used in its normal form by the author (directly), while the other appears in a modified form, in a quotation (indirectly). In both cases the proverbs are used as part of a persuasive strategy in the text type of the editorial, for the purpose of provoking antipathy against the "others", i.e. the Czech politicians as political rivals, by means of their negative characteristics. In their specific co-text and context, the proverbs acquire additional semantic-pragmatic components of meaning, enabling them to participate in various isotopic chains and to contribute significantly to textual coherence. Additionally, their positioning marks important points in the argumentative structure of the text. The analysis also indicates some possibilities for the specification of semantic and pragmatic information in dictionaries.
Words ending with the suffix -ost are very common in Czech business language. In German the corresponding words are words derived using different suffixes, created by implicit derivation without suffixes, or formed as compounds. These particularly involve words indicating share, frequency or intensity. Moreover, the Czech negation ne- is expressed in various ways in the German equivalents. There exists a wide variety of equivalents to Czech words derived with the suffix -ost, so it is advisable to familiarize students of translation courses with this fact. Students tend to create these words mostly by using the suffixes -heit or -keit.
This article examines the expression and description of fear in German and Czech phraseology. Fear – one of the primary emotions – is viewed in a broad sense. The analysis of this semantic field also includes such variations as anxiety, panic, fright, horror, and terror. As it is impossible to cover the full phraseological range for this semantic field in both languages, the boundaries of the corpus were set with reference to the repertoire of expressions included in selected phraseological dictionaries. The use of these idiomatic expressions in practice was verified with reference to large-scale corpora in the individual languages. The article offers an analysis of the corpus from a cognitive perspective. For each of the languages, the first step was to identify the concepts which are mediated via selected phraseological expressions. The concepts were then compared, revealing similarities and differences between German and Czech in this respect.
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der phonetischen Motivation phonologischer Palatalisierungsprozesse, bei welchen Vorderzungenvokoide die Palatalisierung (bzw. Affrizierung) vorangehender Plosive bewirken. Durch akustische Analysen zu deutschen und bulgarischen stimmlosen alveolaren und velaren Verschlußlauten wird der Einfluß nachfolgender vorderer Vokoide und des tiefen Vokals /a/ auf die geräuschähnliche Phase nach der plosiven Verschlußlösung der Konsonanten untersucht. Zum Zwecke der Überprüfung einer nach universellen phonologischen Prinzipien formulierten Hierarchie der wahrscheinlichen Inputkandidaten für Palatalisierungen werden akustische Messungen zur Zeitdauer und zu den spektralen Eigenschaften des konsonantischen Segments in wortinitialen Konsonant-Vokoid-Sequenzen vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstützen nur teilweise die vorgeschlagene Hierarchiehypothese und zeigen, daß sprachspezifische Besonderheiten einen Einfluß auf die Anordnung der Elemente der Hierarchie ausüben.