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This article examines the negotiating process between the Brazilian state and transnational auto companies. It argues against dichotomous frameworks that emphasize either economic or political variables in shaping foreign direct investment and in favor of a more complicated bargaining framework that takes into account the strategic objectives of state policy as well as the form and timing of firm investment. Using archival evidence and interviews, the article documents the implantation of the industry; it concludes that the process of finn entry into Brazil must be understood in light of the policies and institutions that made the threat of market closure and the deadlines credible and made it costly for firms not to participate on schedule.
Angkor Wat's "Churning of the Sea of Milk" bas-relief masterpiece is unique among "Churning" depictions for its naturalistic presentation of fishes and other aquatic animals. Their behavior clearly indicates that they have been poisoned, as related in the myth of the Churning. The poisoned fish are being cut in two by the sword of Suryavarman II as Vishnu. Also notable is the inclusion of the mythical beast known as gajasimha. The little known Angkor Wat bas-relief called the "Fete nautique des Dvaravati", also a masterpiece, realisticany portrays people making music, playing chess, fishing, hunting, and engaged in other aeti vities, in the midst of a forested wetland filled with birds, fish, crocodiles and other animals. The scene also portmys two royal pleasure boats, one with Garuda on its prow and the other with a gajasimha. Gajasimha is an Indian and Khmer makara associated in Khmer iconography with the Hindu god Vishnu. Suryavarman II was one of the few Khmer kings to be identified with Vishnu. Garuda and gajasimha were employed repeatedly to symbolize this relationship. This symbolism is employed in several significant innovations in Khmer iconography. These include replacement of the naga Ananta or Sesha by a gajasimha in representations of Vishnu Anantasayin; the distinctive "Garuda-gajasimha" balustrades, and use of the head of gajasimha or its elephantine trunk as the apical finials (dong chivea. Iliya, or chota) on Cambodian, Laotian, and Thai Buddhist temples. Fish figure importantly in numerous Bayon bas-reliefs. Many of these depict ordinary people engaged in activities such as cooking, gambling, cockfighting, and fishing. Others apparently depict events or incidents in the life of Jayavarman VII including his military victories, building activities, and apotheosis as Jayahuddha or Buddha-King, as well as his tolerant attitude towards other religions. There are also indications that he had an abiding interest in natural history.
Biblical theophanies
(1911)
The study adressed 4 basic issues: (1) What are the substantive contents of human values? (2) Can we identify a comprehensive set of values? (3) To what extent is the meaning of particular values equivalent for different groups of people? (4) How are the relations among different values structured? These issues required resolution before the antecedents and consequences of value priorities, or cross-cultural differences in such priorities, could be studied effectively. Substantial progress has been made toward resolving each of these issues.
A new method of measuring compressibility and thermal expansions of liquids has been developed, in which the liquid is enclosed in a sylphon, which is then exposed to external hydrostatic pressure, and the volume change determined from the change of length of the sylphon. This method has been applied to 18 liquids at 0°, 50°, and 95° up to a pressure of 12000 kg, or to the freezing pressure, and the results are collected into extensive tables giving the volume as a function of pressure aand temperature over this range. In the discussion it is shown that small scale differences in the volumes of various isomers persist to high· pressures, and there is no simple connection between the relative densities at atmospheric pressure and at high pressure, The compressibility falls off rapidly with rising pressure, as was found in a preceding investigation. Two liquids are found to have the abnormally low compressibility of water. Thermal expansion also drops off by a large factor with increasing pressure, but not as much as the compressibility, as was also found before. The "pressure coefficient" (δp /δt) , is not a function of volume only, as has often been supposed, and suggestions are made as to the theoretical significance of this.
Northern Chile, which includes the extremely arid Atacama Desert and the semiarid Andean Highlands, has more than 100 basins with interior drainage; most contain salars (salt-ilncrusted playas). The area of interior drainage totals more than 38,000 square miles, within which salara and clay playas extend over a total area of about 2,800 square miles. In addition, hills and valleys in the Atacama Desert are extensively covered either with a thin hard saline crust, chiefly salt-cemented soil, or with a powdery soil that has a high content of saline material, chiefly anhydrite and gypsum. The region has an exceptional variety of types of hard saline crusts that are generally rare in other deserts, and many morphological and structural salt features, some of which may be unique. Soft saline crusts and clay playas, more characteristic of arid regions elsewhere, are also present. Hard salar crusts have formed by deposition of saline material in open water or by capillary migration and evaporation of near-surface ground water. Such crusts generally range from a few inches to several feet in thickness. Locally, crusts may attain thicknesses of several tens of feet, and one salar, Salar Grande, is a basin filled with high. purity rock salt to a local depth of at least 560 feet. Six general types of hard salar crusts are distinguished: (1) layered massive rock salt with a rugged surface, (2) slabby or nodular silty rock salt, (3) rugged gypsum or anhydrite, (4) massive coarsely crystalline rock salt, (5) smooth rock salt, and (6) silty nitrate-bearing saline crust. Soft surfaces or crusts include moist gypsum-bearing crusts, which commonly contain nodules and layers of ulexite in Andean salars, and moist to dry puffy soils and crusts that contain gypsum, thenardite and mirabilite as the principal saline constituents. An unusual chemical feature of the salars and the desert soils of northern Chile is the general paucity of carbonate minerals (for example, trona, calcite, and aragonite) which are widespread in other desert regions. Among the many morphological and structural features that can be recognized in and near salars of northern Chile, the most unusual occur in hard rock-salt crusts, which in themselves are scarce in other arid regions. Included are features due to corrosion of rock-salt crusts by windblown water or free-flowing surface water, such as: (1) salt cusps and crenulate margins of salars, (2) salt channels, (3) salt pseudobarchans, and (4) salt tubes. Constructional features in the salars include: (1) gypsum buttresses at borders of saline ponds, (2) salt veins, (3) salt stalactites, and (4) salt cones. In some salars, new fresh-water springs have formed steep-walled brine pools in thick rock-salt crusts. Prominent salt cascades and constructional salt terraces have been built up in one Andean valley by springs that are fed by brine from a nearby salar (Salar de Pedernales). Sag basins and prominent scarps occur along faults that cut through the salt mass of Salar Grande. Of, the 67 closed basins in the Andean Highlands of northern Chile, at least 35 show shorelines or deltas of former perennial lakes. Today only flve perennial lakes occur in this area. The former lakes probably formed at one or more times during the Pleistocene and perhaps continued to form into Holocene time. They indicate a climate that was either more rainy or cooler, or both, during the time of their formation. However, the absence of glacial features throughout most of the northern Chilean Andes indicates that the climate during the Pleistocene glacial stages was not greatly different from today's climate. It is estimated that perennial lakes would form in nearly all thil Andean basins if the mean annual rainfall of the region above 10,000 feet in altitude were increased to 15 inches from its present 8 inches, and if the mean annual temperature were about 2° F. less than it is at present.
Bilingual education is the use of the native tongue to instruct limited Englishspeaking children. The authors read studies of bilingual education from the earliest period of this literature to the most recent. Of the 300 program evaluations read, only 72 (25%) were methodologically acceptable - that is, they had a treatment and control group and a statistical control for pre-treatment differences where groups were not randomly assigned. Virtually all of the studies in the United States were of elementary or junior high school students and Spanish speakers; The few studies conducted outside the United States were almost all in Canada. The research evidence indicates that, on standardized achievement tests, transitional bilingual education (TBE) is better than regular classroom instruction in only 22% of the methodologically acceptable studies when the outcome is reading, 7% of the studies when the outcome is language, and 9% of the studies when the outcome is math. TBE is never better than structured immersion, a special program for limited English proficient children where the children are in a self-contained classroom composed solely of English learners, but the instruction is in English at a pace they can understand. Thus, the research evidence does not support transitional bilingual education as a superior form of instruction for limited English proficient children.
This paper integrates elements from the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of finance to develop a theory of the ownership structure of the firm. We define the concept of agency costs, show its relationship to the "separation and control" issue, investigate the nature of the agency costs generated by the existence of debt and outside equity, demonstrate who bears these costs and why, and investigate the Pareto optimality of their existence. We also provide a new definition of the firm, and show how our analysis of the factors influencing the creation and issuance of debt and equity claims is a special case of the supply side of the completeness of markets problem.
In the Maizuru zone nearly whole the Triassic successions are developed. The Scythian to Aniso-Ladinian strata make a continuous sequence, in which are distinguished three faunizones, Neoschizous-"Bakevellia", Hollandites-"Danubites" and Monophyllites, corresponding to Scythian, lower Anisian and Aniso-Ladinian, respectively. Main portion of the Ladinian series is lacking in this region. The earliest Carnian or Ladino-Carnian Arakuran age is newly proposed founded on the palaeontological and stratigraphical studies on the Arakura formation. In the next Sakawan (not Carnian) Nabae group, two and probably one more, faunizones are recognizable, Palaeopharus-Lima yataensis, Tosapecten-Pseudolimea, and Pleuromya-Neoschizodus. The Sakawan age is classified into two subages better than the three formerly proposed by K. ICHIKAWA. The Norian sediments are probably represented by the Nakaiso conglomerate bed, although barren in fossil. The Rhaetic strata are not found at all like other regions in Japan. From the facies-analysis, the Palaeo-Maizuru Bay during the Scythian to Aniso-Ladinian epochs and the Palaeo-Maizuru Inland Sea during the Carnian epoch are assumed. Finally, the orogenic history of the Triassic period in this zone is briefly stated.