Institutes
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (165)
- Doctoral Thesis (34)
- Book (24)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (225) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (225)
Keywords
- COVID-19 (11)
- Human behaviour (6)
- Children (4)
- PTSD (4)
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (4)
- Psychology (4)
- social support (4)
- 创伤后应激障碍 (4)
- Adolescents (3)
- bereavement (3)
- coronavirus (3)
- depression (3)
- executive function (3)
- gaming disorder (3)
- health (3)
- leadership (3)
- mental health (3)
- pain (3)
- positive psychology (3)
- prolonged grief disorder (3)
- quality of life (3)
- validity (3)
- Beziehungsqualität (2)
- Case-based learning (2)
- Child abuse (2)
- Classroom management (2)
- Constructive support (2)
- Disadvantages (2)
- Emotions (2)
- Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept (2)
- Gaming disorder (2)
- Grundschule (2)
- ICD-11 (2)
- Inert knowledge (2)
- Konstruktive Unterstützung (2)
- Leib (2)
- Leistungsängstlichkeit (2)
- Medical research (2)
- Mental imagery (2)
- Music perception (2)
- Older adults (2)
- Preventive medicine (2)
- Psychopathology (2)
- Selbstkonzept (2)
- Sport (2)
- Stress (2)
- TEPT (2)
- TEPT complejo (2)
- Telecommuting (2)
- Telework (2)
- Tensiomyography (2)
- Theory–practice gap (2)
- Trastorno de estrés postraumático (2)
- Voluntariness (2)
- adolescents (2)
- anxiety (2)
- autobiographical reasoning (2)
- children (2)
- cognition (2)
- comparability (2)
- complex PTSD (2)
- elementary school (2)
- exercise (2)
- fat-free-mass (2)
- feasibility (2)
- information processing theory (2)
- interpersonal closeness (2)
- leader self-awareness (2)
- leader self-efficacy (2)
- leadership emergence (2)
- math anxiety (2)
- mathematics self-concept (2)
- measurement (2)
- muscle quality (2)
- narrative (2)
- neurocognitive (2)
- positive psychological interventions (2)
- prevention (2)
- proteolysis (2)
- reading comprehension (2)
- self-leadership (2)
- social acceptance (2)
- social cognitive theory (2)
- social identification (2)
- soziale Integration (2)
- sports nutrition (2)
- strength training (2)
- stress (2)
- subjective well-being (2)
- teacher-student-relationships (2)
- team identification (2)
- trastorno de estrés postraumático (2)
- trauma (2)
- vision (2)
- 复杂性PTSD (2)
- Abuso infantil (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Acoustic signals (1)
- Adherencia terapéutica (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Aggression (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Anabolism (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Anerkennung (1)
- Antizipation (1)
- Archeology (1)
- Archery (1)
- Arousal (1)
- Arrow (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Associative memory (1)
- Athletes (1)
- Audio signal processing (1)
- Autonomy (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BFR (1)
- Bayesian multiple regression (1)
- Behandlungsvollzug (1)
- Behavior problems (1)
- Bereavement (1)
- Bezeichnungen (1)
- Bildungsarbeit (1)
- Bilingualism (1)
- Biological psychiatry (1)
- Biopsychosocial (1)
- Biopsychosocial model (1)
- Blood flow restriction (1)
- Blutflussrestriktion (1)
- Bobsleigh (1)
- Bobsport (1)
- Borderline personality disorder (1)
- Bow (1)
- Brain imaging (1)
- Business psychology (1)
- CBT (1)
- CCC-2 (1)
- CCTT (1)
- CIE-11 (1)
- COINS (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Childhood abuse (1)
- Childhood sexual abuse (1)
- Chronic depression (1)
- Circulating miRNA (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Clinical neuropsychology (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Clinician-administered PTSD Scale PTSD (1)
- Cognitive Interviews (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive neuroscience (1)
- Cognitive-motor interference (1)
- Collective resilience factor (1)
- Companion-type robots (1)
- Company founders (1)
- Complete survey (1)
- Computerspielstörung (1)
- Conflict-driven memory enhancements (1)
- Consistency of interest (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Corona (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Cortisol secretion (1)
- Crisis (1)
- Cross-cultural Comparability (1)
- DBT (1)
- DBT-PTS (1)
- DBT-PTSD (1)
- DBTTSD (1)
- DOMS (1)
- Daily diary (1)
- Ddialectic behavioural therapy (1)
- Dead space (1)
- Detachment (1)
- Dialectical behavioral therapy (1)
- Diary study (1)
- Digitale Simulation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Disengagement research (1)
- Droplets (1)
- Dtherapeutic adherencetreatment integrity (1)
- Dual task walking (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- EEG (1)
- Ed Diener (1)
- Education – Social Sciences (1)
- Einfühlungsvermögen (1)
- Einstellung (1)
- Einstellungen (1)
- Emotional memory (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Empathie (1)
- Endurance training (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Escala de TEPT administrada por un médico (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Exercise identity (1)
- Exercise self-schema (1)
- Exposure (1)
- External load (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- F 63.8 (1)
- Face Reader (1)
- Fall risk (1)
- Fear of falling (1)
- Fear of infection (1)
- Felt-Body (1)
- Felt-bodily communication (1)
- Floods (1)
- Flow (1)
- Foreign language (1)
- Fortbildungsgestaltung (1)
- Fragebogenentwicklung (1)
- Gait analysis (1)
- Gaming Disorder (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gender-specific task material (1)
- Geography (1)
- Germ aversion (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gewalt (1)
- Glücksspielstörung (1)
- Grit (1)
- H/M ratio (1)
- HPA axis reactivity (1)
- Health (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hebb repetition learning (1)
- Hermann Schmitz (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Hochschulklausuren (1)
- Human learning (1)
- ICT (1)
- ICT use (1)
- ICU (1)
- ILT (1)
- ISPCE (1)
- Implicit (1)
- Impostor phenomenon (1)
- Incremental validity (1)
- Informationsverarbeitung (1)
- Injury (1)
- Instructional quality (1)
- Integridad del tratamiento (1)
- Intellectual disability (1)
- Interaktionsmodell (1)
- Internal load (1)
- Internet Gaming Disorder (1)
- Internet use disorders (1)
- Internetabhängigkeit (1)
- Internetbezogene Störungen (1)
- Intracellular pathways (1)
- Invariance testing (1)
- Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (1)
- Item Response Theory (1)
- Jugendlicher (1)
- Jumping (1)
- Kindesalter (1)
- Klassenraumsimulation (1)
- Kognition (1)
- Kreativität (1)
- LBP (1)
- LPS (1)
- Latent profile analysis (1)
- Latente Profilanalyse (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lebenskunst (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lehramtsstudium (1)
- Lehrevaluation (1)
- Lehrkräftefortbildung (1)
- Leibesübungen (1)
- Leibliche Kommunikation (1)
- Leibphänomenologie (1)
- Lesen (1)
- Leseverständnis (1)
- Longitudinal autoregressive model (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Loving kindness (1)
- Längsschnitt (1)
- MVPA (1)
- Major depressive disorder (1)
- Mathematics (1)
- Measurement Invariance (1)
- Memory (1)
- Mental-age matching (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- Metta (1)
- Metta Meditationen (1)
- Mindfulness meditation (1)
- Minimal detectable change (1)
- Mnemonic discrimination (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Motor cortex (1)
- Movement behaviour (1)
- Music cognition (1)
- Narrative Analyse (1)
- Narrative analysis (1)
- Negative mental images (1)
- Neurocognition (1)
- Neurology (1)
- Neurosciences (1)
- Neurotrophe Faktoren (1)
- New Phenomenology (1)
- Nocturnal HPA axis activity (1)
- Object vision (1)
- Offender treatment (1)
- PE teachers (1)
- PTS (1)
- Pain management (1)
- Pandemic (1)
- Pattern separation (1)
- PedsQL (1)
- Perceived vulnerability to disease (1)
- Perception (1)
- Perfectionism (1)
- Perfectionistic concerns (1)
- Perfectionistic strivings (1)
- Perfektionisische Einstellung Aussehen (1)
- Perseverance of effort (1)
- Persistent depressive disorder (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Phenomenological sport research (1)
- Phenomenology (1)
- Physical Education (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical self-perception (1)
- Phänomenologische Sportforschung (1)
- Play sports (1)
- Poor literacy (1)
- Positive mental images (1)
- Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (1)
- Potential analysis (1)
- Pre-service teacher education (1)
- Pre-service teacher education (1)
- Predictive validity (1)
- Premotor cortex (1)
- Preventive behavior (1)
- Prolonged grief disorder (1)
- Prominenz (1)
- Protein degradation (1)
- Protein synthesis (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Psychiatric disorders (1)
- Psychische Störungen (1)
- Psychological detachment (1)
- Psychological disorders (1)
- Psychological stress (1)
- Psychometric properties (1)
- Psychopathologie (1)
- Pädokriminalität (1)
- Pädophilie (1)
- Pädosexualität (1)
- R software (1)
- R-Software (1)
- Randomized controlled trials (1)
- Recognition memory (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Refugees (1)
- Replikation (1)
- Representative survey (1)
- Research Methods (1)
- Risk behavior (1)
- Risky sexual behavior (1)
- Robot acceptance (1)
- SF-36 (1)
- STEM teaching and learning (1)
- Schools (1)
- Selbstkultivierung (1)
- Self concept (1)
- Self-Congruity Theory (1)
- Self-esteem (1)
- Self-injury (1)
- Sensory perception (1)
- Sensory processing (1)
- Service Learning (1)
- Sexual offenders (1)
- Sexualstraftäter (1)
- Sexueller Missbrauch (1)
- Sickness absence (1)
- Simulationsmodell (1)
- Social Identity Approach (1)
- Social Network Interview (1)
- Social behaviour (1)
- Social identity (1)
- Social neuroscience (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Spatial memory (1)
- Speech (1)
- Speech signal processing (1)
- Sportpsychologie (1)
- Sports medicine (1)
- Sportunterricht (1)
- Stereotype threat (1)
- Stichtagserhebung (1)
- Stochastische Resonanztherapie (1)
- Straftäterinnen (1)
- Strengths Use Scale (1)
- Subiculum (1)
- Substance use (1)
- Suicidality (1)
- Supplemental work (1)
- TMG (1)
- TPACK (1)
- Taijiquan (1)
- Task performance (1)
- Teacher (1)
- Teacher professional development (1)
- Teaching Quality (1)
- Team sport (1)
- Team sports (1)
- Technology (1)
- Terapia Dialéctica Conductual (1)
- Testentwicklung (1)
- Thin slices ratings (1)
- Time-motion analysis (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Unfinished tasks (1)
- Unterrichtssimulation (1)
- Upper airway infection (1)
- Urbanicity (1)
- Validität (1)
- Verbal fluency (1)
- Verhaltenssucht (1)
- Verletzung (1)
- Vision (1)
- Visual imagery (1)
- Visual signals (1)
- Vollerhebung (1)
- WHO-5 (1)
- Walking interaction (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- Weight training (1)
- Work (1)
- Work-related technology use (1)
- Zeitdruck (1)
- abuso sexual infantil (1)
- accelerometry (1)
- acculturation (1)
- achievement gaps (1)
- action-effect association (1)
- active aging (1)
- activities of daily life (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adolescent (1)
- adolescentes (1)
- adverse childhood experiences (1)
- adversity (1)
- affect (1)
- affective flexibility (1)
- affective rumination (1)
- ageing (1)
- alcohol use disorder (1)
- allostasis (1)
- ambiguous loss (1)
- anger (1)
- aplicabilidad (1)
- artifact removal (1)
- athlete (1)
- athletes (1)
- attachment (1)
- attitude (1)
- auditory action effects (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- autism (1)
- autobiographical memory (1)
- backlash effect (1)
- behavioral addiction (1)
- behavioral economics (1)
- biomarker (1)
- blood drawing (1)
- blood-flow restriction (1)
- brainstem (1)
- burnout (1)
- cell-free DNA – cfDNA (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- challenges (1)
- childhood (1)
- childhood sexual abuse (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chronic depression (1)
- chronic low back pain (1)
- clinical diagnoses (1)
- clinical interview (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- cognitive behaviour therapy (1)
- cognitive dissonance (1)
- cognitive flexibility (1)
- cognitive functioning (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- cognitive impairment (CI) (1)
- cognitive load (1)
- cognitive load measurement (1)
- cognitive performance (1)
- cognitive processing therapy (1)
- cognitive psychology (1)
- cognitive-behavioral therapy (1)
- collective resilience (1)
- comorbidities (1)
- compassion (1)
- compassionate love (1)
- computer-based testing (1)
- computerbasiertes Testen (1)
- computerisiertes adaptives Teste (1)
- computerisiertes adaptives Testen (1)
- computerized adaptive testing (1)
- confinement (1)
- confirmatory factor analysis (1)
- conservation of resources theory (1)
- continuing professional development (CPD) (1)
- continuous item calibration (1)
- coping (1)
- corona (1)
- craving (1)
- criticisms of positive psychology (1)
- critiques (1)
- cross-cultural leadership (1)
- cross-cultural study (1)
- cross-transfer effect (1)
- cultural psychology (1)
- cut-off design (1)
- cyclical processes (1)
- cycling (1)
- defensive decision making (1)
- deoxygenation (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diabetes management (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- dichotomization (1)
- dichotomous data (1)
- diet (1)
- dietary assessment (1)
- digital competencies (1)
- digital reading (1)
- dimensional comparison (1)
- display rules (1)
- dorsiflexion range of motion (1)
- dual task (1)
- dynamic networks (1)
- dynamic postural control (1)
- dynamic system (1)
- eccentric exercise (1)
- ecological momentary assessment (1)
- efficacy (1)
- elderly (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotional exhaustion (1)
- employee health (1)
- endurance performance (1)
- ensayo controlado aleatorizado (1)
- entrevista clínica (1)
- estrés (1)
- evaluation (1)
- everyday life (1)
- everyday tasks (1)
- executive functioning (1)
- executive processes (1)
- exercise therapy (1)
- exhaustion (1)
- expectations (1)
- expectile (1)
- eye tracking (ET) (1)
- fNIRS (1)
- factor structure (1)
- family identification (1)
- fascia (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fatigue resistance (1)
- feedback-based flexibility (1)
- fixed-links modeling (1)
- fluid intelligence (1)
- follower well-being (1)
- future perspectives (1)
- gait performance (1)
- gambling disorder (1)
- gender role theory (1)
- gender stereotypes (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- goal assessment (1)
- graph theory (1)
- grief (1)
- guidelines (1)
- happiness (1)
- hardware demonstrator (1)
- health locus of control (1)
- health mindset (1)
- health-oriented leadership (1)
- health-promoting leadership (1)
- health-related anxiety (1)
- healthcare workers (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- higher education (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- human action sounds (1)
- hyperglycemia (1)
- hypertext (1)
- hypertrophy (1)
- identification with humankind (1)
- identifying moment conditions (1)
- identity confusion (1)
- identity leadership (1)
- imagery rescripting (1)
- inclusion of other in the self (1)
- individual differences (1)
- information set (1)
- informative prior distributions (1)
- inhibitory control (1)
- injury susceptibility (1)
- innovative behavior (1)
- innovative moments (1)
- insulin sensitivity (1)
- intellectual disability (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intercultural (1)
- internet addiction (1)
- interpersonal contact (1)
- interpersonal problems (1)
- interval-level data (1)
- intervention (1)
- investigación de resultados psicoterapéuticos (1)
- job demand–control model (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kognitive Dissonanz (1)
- kontinuierliche Kalibrierung (1)
- language impairment (1)
- large-scale assessment (1)
- latent structure (1)
- leader–member exchange (1)
- learning loss (1)
- leisure time activity (1)
- life satisfaction (1)
- liver transplantation (1)
- lockdowns (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- longitudinal invariance (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- loss (1)
- loss function (1)
- lumbago (1)
- lumbalgia (1)
- mHealth (1)
- major depression (1)
- maximum strength (1)
- meaning-making (1)
- medical training (1)
- memory (1)
- mental and physical health (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- miR-142-5p (1)
- miR-197-3p (1)
- miR-342-3p (1)
- miR-424-5p (1)
- microtemporal processes (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- mobile phone (1)
- modeling (1)
- modularity (1)
- modulation (1)
- motor control exercise (1)
- multi-informant questionnaire (1)
- multi-tasking (1)
- multilevel modeling (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- muscular fatigue (1)
- navigation behavior (1)
- neurocognition (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neurophysiology (1)
- nonspecific (1)
- norms (1)
- nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- obituary (1)
- obituary announcement (1)
- online learning (1)
- opportunities (1)
- optimality of point forecasts (1)
- organisational psychology (1)
- organizational decision-making (1)
- organizational health climate (1)
- organizational identification (1)
- out-of-field (1)
- pain therapy (1)
- pandemic innovations (1)
- parents (1)
- pediatric liver transplantation (1)
- perceived discomfort (1)
- perceived stress (1)
- persistent depressive disorder (1)
- personal initiative (1)
- personality (1)
- perturbation (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physics teaching and learning (1)
- piecewise latent growth modeling (1)
- polynomial regression analysis (1)
- positive leadership (1)
- positive psychological assessment (1)
- positive psychological coaching (1)
- positive psychological techniques (1)
- positive psychological tools (1)
- posttraumatic stress (1)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- postural control (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictors (1)
- present-centered therapy (1)
- prevalence (1)
- prior information (1)
- prisoner’s dilemma (1)
- proactive work behavior (1)
- prosocial motivation (1)
- prospective memory (1)
- psicofisiología (1)
- psychological distance (1)
- psychological health (1)
- psychological safety (1)
- psychological strengths (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- psychotherapy outcome research (1)
- pupillometry (1)
- quantile (1)
- randomized-controlled trial (1)
- reaction (1)
- reading achievement (1)
- reescritura de imágenes (1)
- refugees (1)
- refugiados (1)
- relationality (1)
- reliability (1)
- replication (1)
- research agendas (1)
- resilience (1)
- respiración (1)
- response monitoring (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- roller massage (1)
- rumination (1)
- scale development (1)
- school closure (1)
- school performance (1)
- school psychology (1)
- school-based (1)
- schooling (1)
- schulbasiert (1)
- scoping review (1)
- secondary task (1)
- self-assessment (1)
- self-care (1)
- self-determination theory (SDT) (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-other fusion (1)
- sensorimotor (1)
- sensory attenuation (1)
- shear elastic modulus (1)
- shrinkage correction (1)
- silbenbasierte Leseförderung (1)
- similarity (1)
- sleep duration (1)
- smartphone-app (1)
- soccer (1)
- social anxiety (1)
- social communication (1)
- social comparison (1)
- social connectedness (1)
- social cure (1)
- social groups (1)
- social identity (1)
- social identity approach (1)
- social negativity (1)
- social network (1)
- sports medicine (1)
- sports performance (1)
- stabilization (1)
- strengths assessment (1)
- strengths based coaching (1)
- stress mindset (1)
- student achievement (1)
- study resources (1)
- subjective resilience (1)
- switching (1)
- syllable-based reading training (1)
- sympathetic maintained pain (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systemic therapy (1)
- tACS (1)
- tailoring (1)
- talent (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teaching and learning settings (1)
- technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) (1)
- tension type headache (1)
- terapia cognitivo conductual (1)
- terapia de procesamiento cognitivo (1)
- terminology (1)
- test development (1)
- third wave positive psychology (1)
- threat perception (1)
- traditional Chinese medicine (1)
- trastorno borderline de personalidad (1)
- traumatic experiences (1)
- unfinished tasks (1)
- university students (1)
- unspecific low back pain (1)
- usability (1)
- vegetative nervous system (1)
- venipuncture (1)
- virtual interaction (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual search (VS) (1)
- visuelle Worterkennung (1)
- vitality (1)
- walking (1)
- within-person factors (1)
- word recognition (1)
- work engagement (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindesalter (1)
- 临床用PTSD量表 (1)
- 临床访谈 (1)
- 创伤 (1)
- 可行性 (1)
- 心理治疗结果研究 (1)
- 意向重构 (1)
- 治疗依从性 (1)
- 治疗完整性 (1)
- 童年性虐待 (1)
- 虐待儿童 (1)
- 认知加 工疗法 (1)
- 认知行为治疗 (1)
- 辩证行为疗法 (1)
- 边缘性人格障碍 (1)
- 随机对照试验 (1)
- 难民 (1)
- 青少年 (1)
Institute
Based on stereotype threat and stereotype lift theory, this study explores implicit stereotype threat effects of gender stereotypes on the performance of primary school children in mathematics. Moreover, effects of implicit gender stereotypical cues (gender-specific task material) on motivational aspects were explored, which have revealed mixed results in stereotype threat research in the past. N = 151 German primary school children (47.7% female; mean age: M = 9.81, SD = 0.60) calculated either stereotypical or neutral mathematical text problems before motivational aspects were assessed. Contradicting our expectations, results neither revealed a stereotype threat effect on girls’ performance nor a lift effect on the boys. Instead, girls calculating stereotypical tasks outperformed girls in the control group, whereas boys’ performance did not significantly differ compared to the control group. Regarding motivational aspects, only traditional gender differences emerged as girls reported significantly more pressure and tension calculating the mathematical tasks. The discussion focuses on the way in which stereotypes can affect children’s cognitive performance and in turn, their mathematical performance.
Background: Hebb repetition learning is a form of long-term serial order learning that can occur when sequences of items in an immediate serial recall task are repeated. Repetition improves performance because of the gradual integration of serial order information from short-term memory into a more stable long-term memory trace.
Aims: The current study assessed whether adolescents with non-specific intellectual disabilities showed Hebb repetition effects, and if their magnitude was equivalent to those of children with typical development, matched for mental age.
Methods: Two immediate serial recall Hebb repetition learning tasks using verbal and visuospatial materials were presented to 47 adolescents with intellectual disabilities (11–15 years) and 47 individually mental age-matched children with typical development (4–10 years).
Results: Both groups showed Hebb repetition learning effects of similar magnitude, albeit with some reservations. Evidence for Hebb repetition learning was found for both verbal and visuospatial materials; for our measure of Hebb learning the effects were larger for verbal than visuospatial materials.
Conclusions: The findings suggested that adolescents with intellectual disabilities may show implicit long-term serial-order learning broadly commensurate with mental age level. The benefits of using repetition in educational contexts for adolescents with intellectual disabilities are considered.
Based on the stressor-detachment model, previous research has assumed that work-related ICT use in the evening impairs psychological detachment. However, since most of the studies to date have assessed cross-sectional relationships, little is known about the actual direction of effects. In this 5-day diary study, we implemented a day-level longitudinal model to shed light on the causal relationships between work-related ICT use, detachment, and task progress (N = 340 employees, N = 1289 day-level cases). We also investigated the role of unfinished work tasks because we assumed, based on boundary theory, that they are a driving force leading to impaired detachment and work-related ICT use in the evening. Contrary to current research consensus but in line with our expectations, we found that low psychological detachment increased work-related ICT use and task progress. We found no evidence for reversed lagged effects. These results applied both to planned and unplanned ICT use. Furthermore, our results support the notion that unfinished work tasks precede ICT use and detachment. Thus, our findings suggest that work-related ICT use should not be treated as a stressor in its own right in the stressor-detachment model. Instead, it needs to be investigated as a behavioral outcome that employees engage in when they cannot detach from work.
Auditory and visual percepts are integrated even when they are not perfectly temporally aligned with each other, especially when the visual signal precedes the auditory signal. This window of temporal integration for asynchronous audiovisual stimuli is relatively well examined in the case of speech, while other natural action-induced sounds have been widely neglected. Here, we studied the detection of audiovisual asynchrony in three different whole-body actions with natural action-induced sounds–hurdling, tap dancing and drumming. In Study 1, we examined whether audiovisual asynchrony detection, assessed by a simultaneity judgment task, differs as a function of sound production intentionality. Based on previous findings, we expected that auditory and visual signals should be integrated over a wider temporal window for actions creating sounds intentionally (tap dancing), compared to actions creating sounds incidentally (hurdling). While percentages of perceived synchrony differed in the expected way, we identified two further factors, namely high event density and low rhythmicity, to induce higher synchrony ratings as well. Therefore, we systematically varied event density and rhythmicity in Study 2, this time using drumming stimuli to exert full control over these variables, and the same simultaneity judgment tasks. Results suggest that high event density leads to a bias to integrate rather than segregate auditory and visual signals, even at relatively large asynchronies. Rhythmicity had a similar, albeit weaker effect, when event density was low. Our findings demonstrate that shorter asynchronies and visual-first asynchronies lead to higher synchrony ratings of whole-body action, pointing to clear parallels with audiovisual integration in speech perception. Overconfidence in the naturally expected, that is, synchrony of sound and sight, was stronger for intentional (vs. incidental) sound production and for movements with high (vs. low) rhythmicity, presumably because both encourage predictive processes. In contrast, high event density appears to increase synchronicity judgments simply because it makes the detection of audiovisual asynchrony more difficult. More studies using real-life audiovisual stimuli with varying event densities and rhythmicities are needed to fully uncover the general mechanisms of audiovisual integration.
Most human actions produce concomitant sounds. Action sounds can be either part of the action goal (GAS, goal-related action sounds), as for instance in tap dancing, or a mere by-product of the action (BAS, by-product action sounds), as for instance in hurdling. It is currently unclear whether these two types of action sounds—incidental or intentional—differ in their neural representation and whether the impact on the performance evaluation of an action diverges between the two. We here examined whether during the observation of tap dancing compared to hurdling, auditory information is a more important factor for positive action quality ratings. Moreover, we tested whether observation of tap dancing vs. hurdling led to stronger attenuation in primary auditory cortex, and a stronger mismatch signal when sounds do not match our expectations. We recorded individual point-light videos of newly trained participants performing tap dancing and hurdling. In the subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session, participants were presented with the videos that displayed their own actions, including corresponding action sounds, and were asked to rate the quality of their performance. Videos were either in their original form or scrambled regarding the visual modality, the auditory modality, or both. As hypothesized, behavioral results showed significantly lower rating scores in the GAS condition compared to the BAS condition when the auditory modality was scrambled. Functional MRI contrasts between BAS and GAS actions revealed higher activation of primary auditory cortex in the BAS condition, speaking in favor of stronger attenuation in GAS, as well as stronger activation of posterior superior temporal gyri and the supplementary motor area in GAS. Results suggest that the processing of self-generated action sounds depends on whether we have the intention to produce a sound with our action or not, and action sounds may be more prone to be used as sensory feedback when they are part of the explicit action goal. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the function of action sounds for learning and controlling sound-producing actions.
Pathological grief has received increasing attention in recent years, as about 10% of the bereaved suffer from one kind of it. Pathological grief in the form of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a relatively new diagnostic category which will be included into the upcoming ICD-11. To date, various risk and protective factors, as well as treatment options for pathological grief, have been proposed. Nevertheless, empirical evidence in that area is still scarce. Our aim was to identify the association of interpersonal closeness with the deceased and bereavement outcome. Interpersonal closeness with the deceased in 54 participants (27 patients suffering from PGD and 27 bereaved healthy controls) was assessed as the overlap of pictured identities via the inclusion of the other in the self scale (IOS scale). In addition to that, data on PGD symptomatology, general mental distress and depression were collected. Patients suffering from PGD reported higher inclusion of the deceased in the self. By contrast, they reported feeling less close towards another living close person. Results of the IOS scale were associated with PGD severity, general mental distress and depression. Inclusion of the deceased in the self is a significant statistical predictor for PGD caseness.
Objectives: Interpersonal factors, such as impairments in social interaction or lack of social support, have an important share when it comes to the development, maintenance, and progression of various mental disorders.
Methods: Individuals suffering from prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and matched bereaved healthy controls (n = 54) underwent a thorough diagnostic procedure, further completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D-32), and participated in a finitely iterated prisoner's dilemma (FIPD).
Results: Individuals suffering from PGD reported significantly more interpersonal problems. Both groups behaved differently in the FIPD with healthy controls being more carefully, adapting their behavior more flexible, whereas PGD patients displayed a lower responsiveness, which may indicate an inability to adapt to changes in relationships.
Conclusion: We conclude that interpersonal problems appear to be a relevant feature of PGD. Future studies need to clarify the causal relation behind this link, and should also include measures of attachment, social support, and disconnectedness.
Mental imagery is a transdiagnostic feature that has been increasingly researched in mental disorders in the past years. This study is the first to investigate mental imagery in individuals suffering from Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), a new disorder which will be included into the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11).
Our objective was to find out to what extent patients suffering from PGD differ from healthy, but equally bereaved, controls in terms of mental imagery, and how mental imagery is related to psychopathology. Patients with PGD and matched bereaved healthy controls (n = 54) completed a mental imagery questionnaire specifically designed for the study, and other established measures of psychopathology. Patients suffering from PGD reported mental images more frequently, had less control over them, and described negative images as more vivid than did healthy controls. Also, in reaction to mental images, patients less frequently experienced joy, but more often grief, anger and guilt. Besides these group differences, significant correlations between mental imagery other psychopathological measures could be found. Mental imagery is clearly related to PGD. The underlying mechanisms on whether it is a developing or maintaining factor need to be addressed in future studies. Future research should also investigate in what way mental imagery might be used in therapeutic approaches.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous governments deciding to close schools for several weeks in spring 2020. Empirical evidence on the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on academic achievement is only just emerging. The present work aimed to provide a first systematic overview of evidence-based studies on general and differential effects of COVID-19-related school closures in spring 2020 on student achievement in primary and secondary education. Results indicate a negative effect of school closures on student achievement, specifically in younger students and students from families with low socioeconomic status. Moreover, certain measures can be identified that might mitigate these negative effects. The findings are discussed in the context of their possible consequences for national educational policies when facing future school closures.