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Extremely short verbs can be found in various Germanic languages and dialects; the roots of these verbs do not have a final consonant «C)-C-V), and they always have a monosyllabic infinitive and usually monosyllabic finite forms as well. Examples for these kinds of short verbs are Swiss German hä'to have', gä 'to go', gifii 'to give', nifif 'to take' which correspond to the Swedish verbs ha, ga, ge and ta. The last example shows that such shore verb formations also occur with verbs which do not share the same etymology. Apart from shortness, short verbs are characterized by a high degree of irregularity, often even by suppletion, which sometimes develops against sound laws. Furthermore they are among the most used verbs and often tend to grammaticalization. The present paper compares the short verbs of seven Germanic languages; in addition, it describes their various ways of development and strategies of differentiation. Moreover, it exarnines the question of why some languages and dialects (e.g., Swiss German, Frisian, Swedish, Norwegian) have many shore verbs while others (New High German, Icelandic, Faroese) do not. Finally, the paper discusses the contribution of shore verbs to questions concerning linguistic change and the morphological organization of languages.
Wenn man eine Schweizer Bäckerei besucht, erwirbt man nicht nur Spezialitäten kulinarischer, sondern auch sprachlicher Art. Auf der Papiertüte, die man dort bekommt, befindet sich eine Aufforderung, die zwei typisch schweizerdeutsche Erscheinungen enthält: "Chum doch cho schnuppere!" steht auf der Verpackung unten rechts. Wörtlich übersetzt: "Komm doch kommen schnuppern!". Zum einen taucht hier das Verb choo ,kommen' doppelt auf, einmal im Imperativ (chum) und einmal in einem kurzen Infinitiv (cho) vor dem Vollverb schnuppere. Zum anderen gehört choo einer besonderen Verbgruppe an, den sog. Kurzverben. Diese Kurzverben kennt das Nhd. nicht (mehr), wohl aber die geographisch und sprachlich entfernteren nordgermanischen Sprachen. In der folgenden Liste der Kurzverben werden zum Vergleich die entsprechenden schwedischen Kurzverben danebengesetzt, ohne daß hier ausführlicher auf sie eingegangen werden kann.
Extremely short verbs can be found in various Genn::.,nic languages and dialects; the sterns of these verbs do not have a fInal consonant «C-)C-V), and they always have a monosyllabic infinitive and usually monosyllabic fInite forms as weIl. Examples for these 'kinds of short verbs are Swiss Gennan hä 'to have', gö 'to go', g~ 'to give', n~ 'to take' which correspond to the Swedish verbs ha, gä, ge and tao The last example shows that such short verb formations also occur with verbs having (nearly) identical meanings but which do not share the same etymology. Apart from their shortness, these verbs are characterized by a high degree of irregularity, often even by suppletion, which sometimes develops contrary to regular sound laws. Furthermore they are among the most-used verbs and often tend towards grammaticalization. The present paper compares the short verbs of seven Germanic languages; in addition, it describes their various ways of development and strategies of differentiation. Moreover, it examines the question of why some languages and dialects (e.g. Swiss German, Frisian, Swedish, Norwegian) have many short verbs while others (New High German, Icelandic, Faroese) only have few, the paper discusses the contribution of short verbs to questions concerning linguistic change and the morphological organization of languages.