BDSL-Klassifikation: 03.00.00 Literaturwissenschaft > 03.14.00 Literatursoziologie
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Pope Benedict XVI’s Regensburg lecture has been exposed by some learned voices of 'the Muslim world' as alluding, by the means of one particular quotation, to age-old stereotypes about Islam being an essentially violent creed in which moderation through reason has no legitimate place, and of representing Muhammadas an evil and inhuman man who preached that Islam should be spread by the sword. While none of these presumably 'Muslim' voices deny that the Pope has the right to express his opinions, even when they are plainly wrong in the face of historic facts that show how Islam and Christianity were spread (or were made to spread) across the world, he is criticised for a host of omissions in terms of intellectual honesty and factual accuracy. These omissions, it is argued here, cast an unfortunate light on the compatibility of scientific and religious rationality much advocated by the Pope in his 12 September 2006 lecture. This flagrant 'performative contradiction' (Habermas) leaves room for speculation about the true aim of the speech. Is Benedict XVI's appeal to theology as a legitimate academic discipline a credible attempt to explicate Roman Catholicism's rightful place in a modern world governed by liberal democracy and ethical-political pluralism, or is it a reflection of a move to restore the age-old, intolerant, anti-scientific, and anti-democratic legacy of the pre-Vatican II Catholic Church?
Spannung wird in dem Beitrag konsequent als psychisches Phänomen, nicht als Texteigenschaft aufgefasst. Ausgehend von psychophysischen Erscheinungen, die für das Alltagskonzept 'Spannung' als prototypisch gelten können, wird die Menge möglicher spannungserzeugender Emotionen in einem ersten Anlauf auf die Gruppe der Stressemotionen eingegrenzt. An diesem Beispiel wird sodann die Notwendigkeit einer Unterscheidung von situations- und figurenbezogenen Spannungswirkungen demonstriert. Anschließend wird das Problem dominant kognitiver Spannungserzeugung – des in der Literaturwissenschaft bislang am intensivsten erforschten Aspekts von 'Spannung' – aufgegriffen und mit Hilfe des gestalttheoretischen 'Zeigarnik-Effekts' reformuliert. Zum Schluss wird unter dem Begriff der Planungsemotionen eine dritte Möglichkeit spannungserzeugender Leseremotionen vorgestellt und präzisiert.
Augusto Boal and Raduan Nassar are two important figures of Brazilian culture who reflected their country inside its borders as well as beyond them. In two of the writings that are part of the book 'Lateinamerikaner über Europa', which was organized by Curt Meyer-Clason, both of them write what they think about Europe. In “Um índio desterrado. Carta a um amigo” (A banished Indian. Letter to a friend), by Augusto Boal, one can see the reflection of a person who thinks about the relationship between Brazil and Europe from the perspective of theatrical activity, and, most specifically, the perspective of the “Theatre of the Oppressed”. Likewise, in “Imitação e valorização própria” (Imitation and self valorization), Raduan Nassar undertakes a socioeconomic reading of the relationship between the European continent and Brazil on a historical basis.
Siegfried Lenz's novel "Deutschstunde" is analyzed on the basis of work conducted by two American psychologists: Stanley Milgram and Lawrence Kohlberg. The concept of duty and obedience to authority are considered as social phenomena that go beyond personal disposition. The article uses Milgram's famous obedience experiment in order to consider the literary depiction of psychological processes underlying compliance with orders to commit reprehensible acts. A comparison is made between Jens Jepsen, the fictional obedient policeman in "Deutschstunde", and Paul Grueninger, a real policeman in wartime Switzerland, who refused to follow orders and saved many refugees at the Swiss-Austrian border.