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Vom 19. bis 21. September fand im Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften die bereits dritte Bad Homburg Conference statt. Die Konferenz zum Thema Künstliche Intelligenz brachte Perspektiven aus verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und der Praxis zusammen. Referentinnen und Referenten u. a. aus Informatik, Rechtswissenschaft, Medizin, Philosophie und Hirnforschung diskutierten mit Vertretern der gesellschaftlichen Praxis: Unternehmern, Industrievertretern, einem Kriminalhauptkommissar des Landeskriminalamts Hessen und einer Bürgerrechtsaktivistin und Politikberaterin aus den USA. Begrüßt wurden die Teilnehmer von ForschungskollegDirektor Prof. Dr. Matthias Lutz-Bachmann, der Vizepräsidentin der Goethe-Universität, Prof. Dr. Simone Fulda, dem Bürgermeister der Stadt Bad Homburg, Meinhard Matern, sowie der Hessischen Ministerin für Digitale Strategie und Entwicklung, Prof. Dr. Kristina Sinemus. Der Abschlusskommentar kam von Christoph Burchard, Professor für Straf- und Strafprozessrecht, Internationales und Europäisches Strafrecht, Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtstheorie an der Goethe-Universität. Der UniReport hatte Gelegenheit, mit Christoph Burchard nach der Konferenz zu sprechen.
Leonard Reinecke ist Professor für Medienwirkung und Medienpsychologie am Institut für Publizistik der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. In seiner aktuellen Forschung widmet er sich insbesondere den Themenkomplexen Online-Kommunikation, der Rezeption und Wirkung neuer Medien und der empirischen Unterhaltungsforschung.
ISOE-Newsletter 04/2019
(2019)
Alltagsprodukte aus Plastik: Chemikalienmix aus schädlichen und unbekannten Substanzen +++ Kooperationen zwischen Kommunen sichern Lebensqualität im ländlichen Raum +++ IAA im gesellschaftlichen Wandel: Wenn die Verkehrswende der Leitmesse die Show stiehlt +++ „Wasserwende“ gegen Versorgungsengpässe +++ Zielgruppengerechte Ansprache für energieeffizientes und sicheres Wohnen im Alter +++ Wasser in Plastik – Plastik im Wasser. Warum es schwierig ist, die Ökobilanz von PET-Flaschen zu erstellen +++ Lehrveranstaltungen im Wintersemester 2019/20 +++ ISOE unterstützt „Globale Aktionswoche gegen die Klimakrise“ +++ Aus dem ISOE +++ Termine +++ Publikationen
ISOE-Newsletter 05/2019
(2019)
Zukunft gestalten im Anthropozän: Gestaltungsprinzipien für eine kritische Nachhaltigkeitsforschung +++ Institutsbericht 2019 des ISOE erschienen +++ 30 Jahre ISOE: Aufbruch in die Gegenwart. Die sozial-ökologische Zukunft heute gestalten +++ Das ISOE auf Instagram +++ Forschungsergebnisse aus der Schweiz zu nachhaltigem Mobilitätsverhalten +++ Klimaanpassung in den Städten: Was Infrastrukturen dazu beitragen können +++ Kipppunkte in Ökosystemen: Maßnahmen zum Erhalt der Savannen im südlichen Afrika +++ Termine +++ Publikationen
This article analyzes and criticizes the temporal orientation of Catherine Lu’s theory of colonial redress in Justice and Reconciliation in World Politics. Lu argues that colonial historic injustice can, with few exceptions, justify special reparative measures only if these past injustices still contribute to structural injustice in contemporary social relations. Focusing on Indigenous peoples, I argue that the structural injustice approach can and should incorporate further backward looking elements. First, I examine how Lu’s account has backward-looking elements not present in other structural injustice accounts. Second, I suggest how the structural injustice approach could include additional backward-looking features. I presuppose here, with Lu, that all agents connected to an unjust social structure have a forwardlooking political responsibility to reform this structure, regardless of their relation (or lack thereof) to victims or perpetrators of historic injustice. However, I suggest that agents with connections to historic injustice can occupy a social position that makes them differently situated than other agents within that same structure, leading to differences in how these agents should discharge their forward-looking responsibility and differentiated liability for failure to do so. Third, I argue that Lu obscures the importance of rectifying material dispossession. Reparations, pace Lu, can be justified beyond a minimum threshold of disadvantage. Theorists of settler colonialism and Indigenous scholars show how the dispossession of Indigenous land can be seen as a structure that has not yet ended. I conclude by arguing that rectification can be a precondition for genuine reconciliation.
Structural alienation: Lu's structural approach to reconciliation from within a relational framework
(2019)
In Justice and Reconciliation in World Politics Catherine Lu argues that structural reconciliation, rather than interactional reconciliation, ought to be the primary normative goal for political reconciliation efforts. I suggest that we might have good reason to want to retain relational approaches – such as that of Linda Radzik – as the primary focus of reconciliatory efforts, but that Lu’s approach is invaluable for identifying the parties who ought to bear responsibility for those efforts in cases of structural injustice. First, I outline Lu’s analysis of reconciliation, where she argues for the normative priority of structural approaches within the global political sphere, and propose that it will be useful to identify whether or not a relational account could instead identify underlying structural injustices. Second, I examine one particular relational account of reconciliation (based on Radzik’s account of atonement) and argue that this type of account brings to light underlying structural injustices of the kind Lu is concerned with. Finally, I identify an issue for relational accounts in identifying relevant responsible parties for reconciliation before returning to Lu’s structural account to address this gap.
African visionaries
(2019)
In over forty portraits, African writers present extraordinary people from their continent: portraits of the women and men whom they admire, people who have changed and enriched life in Africa. The portraits include inventor, founders of universities, resistance fighters, musicians, environmental activists or writers. African Visionaries is a multi-faceted book, seen through African eyes, on the most impactful people of Africa. Some of the writers contributing to the collection are: Helon Habila, Virginia Phiri, Ellen Banda-Aaku, Véronique Tadjo, Tendai Huchu, Solomon Tsehaye, Patrice Nganang and Sami Tchak.
This paper discusses two possible difficulties with Catherine Lu’s powerful analysis of the moral response to our shared history of colonial evil; both of these difficulties stem from the rightful place of shame in that moral response. The first difficulty focuses on efficacy: existing states may be better motivated by shame at the past than by a shared duty to bring about a just future. The second focuses on equity: it is, at the very least, possible that shame over past misdeeds ought to be brought into the conversation about present duties, in a manner more robust than Lu’s analysis allows.
This paper addresses the phenomenon of climate-induced displacement. I argue that there is scope for an account of asylum as compensation owed to those displaced by the impacts of climate change which needs only to appeal to minimal normative commitments about the requirements of global justice. I demonstrate the possibility of such an approach through an examination of the work of David Miller. Miller is taken as an exemplar of a broadly ‘international libertarian’ approach to global justice, and his work is a useful vehicle for this project because he has an established view about both responsibility for climate change and about the state’s right to exclude would-be immigrants. In the course of the argument, I set out the relevant aspects of Miller’s views, reconstruct an account of responsibility for the harms faced by climate migrants which is consistent with Miller’s views, and demonstrate why such an account yields an obligation to provide asylum as a form of compensation to ‘climate migrants.’
La sfida del nominalismo alla realtà degli universali (sia in filosofia che in teologia) è stata un motore del pensiero moderno. Tradotta in termini estetici, ha favorito la resistenza alle generiche convenzioni e ha contribuito a minare le nozioni essenzialiste della forma estetica. Theodor W. Adorno ebbe una risposta tipicamente dialettica al nominalismo, plaudendo alla sua sovversione delle reificazioni categoriche, ma allarmato dal suo livellamento indiscriminato della distinzione tra concetto e oggetto, che poteva anche cancellare la distinzione tra opere d'arte e oggetti di uso quotidiano. In termini musicali, ha apprezzato l'enfasi nominalista sui singoli lavori rispetto alle generiche categorie formali e ha elogiato la rivoluzione atonale di Arnold Schoenberg. Ma era anche consapevole del fatto che, portato all'estremo, il nominalismo poteva condurre al dominio soggettivo di una natura considerata priva di proprie caratteristiche essenziali. Nella sua tardiva riflessione sulla musique informelle, ammirò una musica che evitava sia le categorie reificate che il dominio soggettivo dell'apparente contingenza del mondo materiale, una musica che esprimeva un nominalismo che avrebbe potuto essere meglio chiamato "magico" piuttosto che "convenzionale".
Christian Reuter ist Universitätsprofessor für Wissenschaft und Technik für Frieden und Sicherheit (PEASEC) am Fachbereich Informatik mit Zweitmitgliedschaft im Fachbereich Gesellschafts- und Geschichtswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Er beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit interaktiven und kollaborativen Technologien im Kontext der Sicherheits-, Krisen- und Friedensforschung und hat mehr als 160 wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen im Bereich Informatik, Wirtschaftsinformatik, Mensch- Computer-Interaktion (HCI), Computerunterstützte Gruppenarbeit (CSCW), Krisen-, Sicherheits- und Friedensforschung und Soziale Medien publiziert.
In the context of globalisation and internationalisation, multilingualism and intercultural interaction are indispensable prerequisites that are desired in all areas. The focus of this paper is to highlight the importance and necessity of multilingualism and intercultural dialogue on the example of Timișoara. The beginnings and traces of multilingualism and the intercultural dimension of Timișoara can be traced based on the geography and history of the city alone. Considering these historical, political, social, cultural and economic prerequisites, this paper presents how the intercultural character and multilingualism of the Banat capital has led it to become a unique phenomenon in Europe, and how it has influenced the history and existence of this region of Romania. The good interethnic relations between the minorities shape the spirit of this city and have helped Timișoara become the European Capital of Culture 2021.The multicultural character of the city has also enabled the emergence of numerous cultural institutions, educational institutions, associations and organisations, which in turn promote this diversity of languages and intercultural interaction.
Feministische Erinnerungskulturen : 100 Jahre Frauenstimmrecht. 50 Jahre Autonome Frauenbewegung
(2019)
This essay reflects on the convergence between Jürgen Habermas’ work and the theoretical framework put forward by the Institute of Social Research in Frankfurt, arguing in favor of the characteristics of the Frankfurt school in Habermas and pointing out research possibilities in the field of Organizational Studies (OS). We discuss the essential theoretical aspects of the work by Horkheimer (1975) “Traditional and Critical Theory,” and produce a critique on the use of generational chronology as the main criterion for understanding the intellectual movement of the Frankfurt School. The methodology is based on the critique of the interpretation using the philosophical hermeneutics (RICOEUR, 1990) and observes the propositional nature of an interpretation offered in theoretical essays (MENEGUETTI, 2011). To support the provocative proposition of this work, we establish a dialogue with authors such as Bottomore (2001), Freitag (2004), Nobre (2004), and Melo (2013)) discussing a non-generational characterization of the Frankfurt School’s members and the proximity of Habermas in relation to the pioneer works on the Critical Theory. We believe that (i) the re-reading of the emancipatory purpose (HABERMAS, 2002); (ii) the deconstruction of the impartiality of the scientific knowledge (HABERMAS, 1987); (iii) and the incorporation of the philosophy of language into the Frankfurtian social criticism (HABERMAS, 2012) are important contributions of Habermas to the Frankfurt’s critical theory. As for a proposal for the field of organizational studies, this esseay concludes that recognizing Habermas as a Critical Theory scholar of the Frankfurt School may constitute a new research agenda for the field. The contribution of this essay lies in helping researchers in the field of Organizational Studies to understand Habermas’ work differently and not as a non-critical or utopian production. In this perspective, it is clear that Habermas’ intellectual production is politically engaged in contemporary social problems, which is a dimension neglected by the researchers of the field of Organizational Studies in Brazil.
Obwohl „materielle Kultur“ ein eher schwach konturiertes Theoriekonzept darstellt und die Relevanz des Materiellen bis heute kontrovers bewertet wird, ist in den letzten fünf Jahrzehnten das Interesse an der Erforschung materieller Kultur deutlich angestiegen. Als „ein Projekt in der Geschichte der Kulturwissenschaften“, das Züge eines travelling concepts trägt, ist materielle Kultur ein Impulsgeber für konzeptuelle und methodologische Innovationen. Zudem vermag sie neue empirische Felder zu erschließen und hat das Potenzial, grundlegende epistemische Probleme wie jenes der Alterität zu überwinden. Der Beitrag skizziert richtungsweisende Entwicklungen der vergangenen Dekaden auf diesem Gebiet und zeigt deren innovative Potenziale an drei konkreten Beispielen: der symmetrischen Anthropologie Bruno Latours, der materialorientierten Herangehensweise Tim Ingolds und dem konsumtheoretischen Ansatz Daniel Millers
Mistrust and social hierarchies as blind spots of ICT4D projects : lessons from Togo and Rwanda
(2019)
Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) are seen to have great potential for boosting democratization processes all over the world by giving people access to information and thereby empowering them to demand more accountability and transparency of authorities. Based on ethnographic research in Togo and Rwanda on an SMS-based citizen monitoring and evaluation system, this article argues that focusing on access to information is too narrow a view. We show that it is crucial to take into account the respective socio-political backgrounds, such as levels of mistrust or existing social hierarchies. In this context, mobile phone usage has rather varied and ambiguous meanings here. These dynamics can pose a challenge to the successful implementation of ICT4D projects aimed at political empowerment. By addressing these often overlooked issues, we offer explanations for the gap between ICT4D assumptions and people’s lifeworlds in Togo and Rwanda.
Um leitor de Walter Benjamin: dialética, interpretação e materialismo em Theodor W. Adorno, 1931-2
(2019)
O objetivo do artigo édiscutir a influência do livro Origem do drama trágico alemão(1928) de Walter Benjamin sobre duas preleções de Theodor W. Adorno na Universidade de Frankfurt, a saber: “A atualidade da filosofia” (1931) e “A ideia de história natural” (1932). Com isso, procurou-se, por um lado, indicar especificamente a influência benjaminiana sobre a ideia de constelação e, por outro, esclarecer as fundações histórico-filosóficas da ideia de história natural, que se encontram no centro das reflexões epistemológicas deAdorno. Dessa maneira, é possível compreender as concepções de dialética, interpretação e materialismo trabalhadas por Adorno com o propósito de caracterizar sua própria tarefa filosófica no início da década de 1930.
Dieses Working Paper zeigt Wege auf, wie völkerrechtlich verbindliche Regeln im Bereich der Cyber-Sicherheit entwickelt werden können. Wichtige Wegmarken können dabei nichtbindende Normen darstellen; auch aus Völkergewohnheitsrecht – besonders dem Kooperationsgebot – lassen sich präventive Schutzpflichten für Staaten (‚due diligence’) ableiten. Diesen präventiven Schutzpflichten müssen Staaten mit gemeinsamem Handeln zur Hebung von Cyber-Sicherheit gerecht werden. Um langfristig Rechts-sicherheit zu schaffen und Cyber-Sicherheit ganzheitlich zu fördern, führt aber kein Weg am Abschluss eines verbindlichen Übereinkommens über Cyber-Sicherheit vorbei.
L’omaggio di due amici
(2019)
Il primo maggio del 2009 è stato celebrato presso il St Anthony’s College di Oxford l’ottantesimo compleanno di Ralf Dahrendorf. Nell’occasione si è tenuto, in sua presenza, un seminario internazionale nel quale si è affrontato, nelle diverse prospettive tipiche delle scienze sociali, il topos della libertà, un tema che è stato la stella polare della sua vita di pensatore a cavallo tra mondo accademico ed impegno politico. L’evento è stato coordinato dal professor Timothy Garton Ash che SMP ringrazia caldamente per aver autorizzato la pubblicazione, qui di seguito, di due importanti interventi ora raccolti nel libro da lui stesso curato On Liberty.The Dahrendorf Questions (University of Oxford, 2009).
There seems to be a wide agreement in critical geographic thought that Hegel is dead, as to end up with Hegel’s idealism serves to be the starting point for the materialist project of critical geographies. This paper aims to call this starting point into question by confronting Henri Lefebvre with Slavoj Žižek. While Lefebvre, one of the pioneers of materialist geographic thought, intensively worked on a metaphilosophical critique to open Hegel’s testament, Žižek’s Hegel supposed to pave the way for a new philosophical materialism. This paper seeks to claim that such a materialist Hegel not only survives the critical encounter of Lefebvre’s metaphilosophy, but also encourages us to inquire about the possibilities and consequences of a geographical turn to Hegel. What if there is a Hegel out there that geography has not even detected?
Frankfurt Okulu düşünürleri otoritaryenliğe ilişkin araştırmalarını 1930’lu ve 1940’lı yıllarda yapmışlardır. Theodor W. Adorno ile Leo Lowenthal ve Norbert Guterman’ın araştırmaları ve analizlerinde ortaya koydukları “otoritaryen kişilik”ler, ajitatörler ve demagogların söylemiyle günümüzde ABD’deki siyasi liderlerin resmi olmayan sözcülerinin yeni medyadaki söylemleri arasında paralellikler bulunmaktadır. Bu anlamda Frankfurt Okulu düşünürlerinin otoritaryenizm teorisinin günümüzün otoritaryen popülist söylemini eleştirel bir şekilde analiz etmemize yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bunun için öncelikle otoritaryen popülizm kavramı tartışılacak, ardından elitleri, beyaz olmayan tüm insanları, göçmenleri, Müslümanları, Yahudileri ve komünistleri, beyaz Hıristiyan Amerika'nın mevcut önyargılarını kullanarak düşman olarak etiketleyen yeni medya kişiliği Nicholas J. Fuentes’in söylemi analiz edilecek; otoritaryenlik ve anti-Semitizm üzerine yapılan ilk dönem araştırmalar, çevrimiçi haberlerde ve sosyal medyada “sahte peygamberler”in yeni söylemiyle karşılaştırılacaktır
O presente artigo tem por objetivo tecer uma reflexão crítica acerca da "paixão" enunciada pela campanha de marketing da empresa de combustíveis Ipiranga, a partir das contribuições teóricas formuladas por Adorno e Horkheimer, teóricos da Escola de Frankfurt, no que concerne ao conceito de Indústria Cultural. Salientamos, desde já, que este ensaio não visa a estudar epistemologicamente a referida Escola, mas sim a apontar a atualidade do conceito de "indústria cultural". Em vista da atual crença na felicidade a partir do consumo idealizado de mercadorias, disseminados pela publicidade, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo tecer uma reflexão crítica acerca da Indústria Cultural contemporânea e suas implicações psicossociais na atual constituição das subjetividades, a partir da Teoria Crítica. Tomamos como exemplar da referida Indústria o slogan publicitário: "Apaixonados por carro como todo brasileiro", que divulga como "cultura de massa" esta "paixão". Metodologicamente procedemos a uma revisão de conceitos da Escola de Frankfurt vinculados à racionalidade técnico-instrumental moderna, apontando a atualidade do conceito de "indústria cultural" e diferenciando-o de uma cultura originária das massas. A pesquisa empírica, cuja estratégia metodológica consistiu em recolhermos depoimentos de internautas em 12 sites relacionados à temática do slogan, visou investigar as atuais formas de adesão/resistência ao referido slogan. Em nossa leitura teórico-crítica dos depoimentos, apesar das formas de adesão fascinadas serem majoritárias, também detectamos formas de resistência; o que nos aponta que esta "paixão", como muitas outras proclamadas pela indústria cultural, não emerge espontaneamente dos brasileiros, mas que, em verdade, foi construída para os brasileiros – forma atualizada do fetichismo da mercadoria.
O objetivo deste ensaio é argumentar em favor da frankfurtianidade de Jürgen Habermas, isto é, estudar os pontos de convergência de sua obra em relação ao projeto teórico do Instituto de Pesquisa Social de Frankfurt e, a partir dessa ênfase, apontar novas possibilidades de pesquisa no campo de Estudos Organizacionais (EO). Para isso, refletimos sobre aspectos teóricos essenciais do ensaio “Teoria tradicional e teoria crítica” (HORKHEIMER, 1975) e elaboramos uma crítica aos intérpretes que utilizam a cronologia geracional como principal critério para a compreensão de diferenças no movimento intelectual da Escola de Frankfurt. Metodologicamente, inspiramo-nos na proposta de crítica à interpretação por meio da hermenêutica filosófica (RICOEUR, 1990) e na natureza propositiva de interpretação de um ensaio teórico (MENEGHETTI, 2011). Para sustentar a proposição expressa de forma provocativa no título deste artigo, dialogamos com comentadores (BOTTOMORE, 2001; FREITAG, 2004; NOBRE, 2004; MELO, 2013), a fim de propor uma caracterização não geracional de seus membros e a proximidade de Habermas em relação ao marco fundador da Teoria Crítica. Nesse sentido, acreditamos que (a) a releitura da intenção emancipadora (HABERMAS, 2002), (b) a desconstrução da isenção do conhecimento científico (HABERMAS, 1987) e (c) a incorporação da filosofia da linguagem à crítica social frankfurtiana (HABERMAS, 2012) são contribuições importantes de sua obra à Teoria Crítica de Frankfurt. Como proposição para a área de EO, em nossas considerações finais argumentamos que a recolocação do autor no posto de genuíno teórico crítico da Escola de Frankfurt pode constituir uma nova agenda de pesquisa para o campo. Acreditamos que nosso esforço pode auxiliar pesquisadores da área de EO a compreender a obra de Habermas a partir de uma via que os afasta da armadilha de considerá-lo um teórico não crítico e/ou utópico. Sob esse enfoque, torna-se evidente sua produção intelectual politicamente engajada nos problemas sociais contemporâneos – dimensão que vem sendo negligenciada pelos pesquisadores do campo de EO no Brasil.
Este artigo apresenta contribuições de Jürgen Habermas e Paulo Freire para a constituição de sujeitos crítico-reflexivos e suas implicações nos processos de ensino/pesquisa/extensão no campo dos Estudos Organizacionais. Mostramos que intersubjetividade e dialogicidade são condições para o entendimento entre sujeitos e é justamente por meio delas que ocorre sua constituição em um processo que é dialógico, pedagógico e político. Freire e Habermas oferecem elementos para desconstruir a lógica instrumental dominante e fornecem bases para a reconstrução de possibilidades inéditas/viáveis de formas de organizar e gerir. A partir disso, este artigo destaca a importância dos Estudos Organizacionais ampliarem o foco das possibilidades de ensino/pesquisa/extensão e direciona-os para um engajamento comunicativo e dialógico, ultrapassando as fronteiras das universidades. Essa reconstrução indica aos pesquisadores que participem de diferentes arenas públicas, do debate e da construção de problemas, em processos de resistência, da visibilidade e dramatização de questões problemáticas. Nos caminhos de Freire e Habermas, os Estudos Organizacionais não podem apenas desenvolver uma crítica à distância: é preciso coparticipar, co-agir, co-operar e coconstruir com os públicos em que se engajam.
Ao tratar de diferentes aspectos do conceito de mimese na estética de Theodor Adorno, o artigo busca evidenciar a permanência do que Adorno designou como mimese primitiva ou originária na sociedade contemporânea. A análise do conceito de idiossincrasia servirá para mostrar esta permanência e, ao mesmo tempo, o seu reforço pela indústria cultural. Como contraponto a essa faceta do conceito de mimese, trataremos da mimese nos âmbitos científico, filosófico e no que Adorno considera obra de arte autêntica.
Prof. Axel Honneth hat zum Ende des letzten Jahres die Leitung des Instituts für Sozialforschung (IFS) abgegeben; seit 2001 stand er an der Spitze des Instituts, das Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno berühmt gemacht haben. Der UniReport hatte die Gelegenheit, mit dem Sozialphilosophen, der noch eine Professur an der Columbia University in New York innehat, in der altehrwürdigen Adorno-Bibliothek im Institut zu sprechen.
By the latter half of the twentieth century, a documented, substantial quantitative increase had occurred in the total number of Christian political organizations operating in Washington, D.C. with the sole purpose of influencing Congress and the administration through direct lobbying. This study seeks to understand what were the contributing historical factors that influenced the rise of Christian Lobby Organizations (CLOs), resulting in their normalization in American society?
This essay presents contributions by Jürgen Habermas and Paulo Freire for the constitution of critical-reflexive subjects and the implications in the teaching-research-extension processes in the field of Organizational Studies. We show that intersubjectivity and dialogicity are conditions for the understanding between subjects and it is precisely through these conditions that the subjects are constituted, in a process that is dialogical, pedagogical and political. Freire and Habermas offer elements to deconstruct dominant instrumental logic and provide the basis for the reconstruction of unprecedented-viable possibilities of ways of organizing and managing. Therefore, this article highlights the importance of Organizational Studies to broaden the focus of teaching-research-extension possibilities and directs them to a communicative and dialogic engagement, beyond the borders of universities. This reconstruction indicates that researchers participate in different public arenas, debate and build public problems, processes of resistance, visibility, and dramatization of problematic issues. Observing the contributions of Freire and Habermas, Organizational Studies as a field cannot be limited to developing a critique, from a distant point of view: it is necessary to co-participate, co-act, co-operate and co-construct with its public.
Critique, and especially radical critique of reason, is under pressure from two opponents. Whereas the proponents of "post-critical" or "acritical" thinking denounce critique as an empty and self-righteous repetition of debunking, the decriers of "post-truth" accuse critique of having helped to bring about our current "post-truth" politics. Both advocate realism as a limit critique must respect, but I will defend the claim that we urgently need radical critiques of reason because they offer a more precise diagnosis of the untruths in politics the two opponents of critique are rightfully worried about. Radical critiques of reason are possible, I argue, if we turn our attention to the practices of criticizing, if we refrain from a sovereign epistemology, and if we pluralize reason without trivializing it. In order to demonstrate the diagnostic advantage of radical critiques of reason, I briefly analyze the political and epistemic strategy at work in two exemplary untruths in politics.
Vorwort: Dialogorientierte Wissenschaftskommunikation als Gewinn für Universitäten und Praxis
(2019)
Forschung und Lehre gelten als die Kernaufgaben deutscher Universitäten. In der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung von Universitäten spielt der ebenfalls in den Hochschulgesetzen der Länder festgeschriebene Transfer von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft häufig eine untergeordnete Rolle, auch wenn Universitäten schon immer, beispielsweise durch Technologietransfer und Ausgründungen, wichtige Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsentwicklung leisten. ...
In this article, we hypothesize, and then demonstrate, that experiences of embarrassment have significantly increased in the United States, due in part, to the current situation in American politics under President Donald Trump. We provide support for our hypothesis by conducting both qualitative and quantitative analyses of Twitter posts in the U.S. obtained from the Crimson Hexagon database. Next, based on literature from social psychology, social neuroscience, and political theory, we propose a two-step process explaining why Trump's behavior has caused people in the U.S. to feel more embarrassment. First, compared to former representatives, Trump violates social norms in a manner that seems intentional, and second, these intentional norm violations specifically threaten the social integrity of in-group members—in this case, U.S. citizens. We discuss how these norm violations relate to the behavior of currently represented citizens and contextualize our rationale in recent changes of political representation and the public sphere. We conclude by proposing that more frequent, nation-wide experiences of embarrassment on behalf of the representative may motivate political actions to prevent further harm to individuals' self-concepts and protect social integrity.
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o tema da regulação da conduta em pesquisa, passados mais de dois anos da vigência da Resolução do Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) nº 510/2016. São investigadas três perspectivas (formativa, filosófica e normativa) para verificar as possibilidades de autonomia ética na pesquisa em contraposição à heteronomia normativa, especialmente no campo educacional, como parte das Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Sociais Aplicadas (CHSSA). A análise tem como principal base teórica a obra de Theodor W. Adorno e é realizada especialmente com base em uma das questões motivadoras da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, qual seja, a possibilidade de emancipação (autonomia) do indivíduo na sociedade administrada.
Josef Wiemeyer ist Professor für Sportwissenschaft mit den Schwerpunkten Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft und Sportinformatik an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Aktuell forscht er zu ausgewählten Themen des technologiegestützten Lernens und Trainings. Er hat unter anderem zu den Themen Serious Games für Gesundheit, individualisiertes Training mit Exergames, mobile Trainingsapplikationen und Lernen in Mensch- Roboter-Dyaden publiziert.
Kryotechnologien bezeichnen Verfahren des Kühlens und Einfrierens. Wie verändert deren Einsatz in immer mehr Feldern unser Verständnis von Lebensprozessen und gesellschaftliche Grundannahmen? Mit welchen Erwartungen werden Menschen heute durch verschiedene Nutzungsformen dieser Technologien konfrontiert? Fragen wie diese versucht das Projekt "Cryosocieties" des Soziologen Prof. Thomas Lemke an der Goethe-Universität zu beantworten. Im Fokus stehen die sozialen, kulturellen und moralischen Dimensionen der Sammlung, Lagerung und Nutzung von menschlichem und nichtmenschlichem organischem Material durch kryotechnologische Verfahren. Seit April 2019 wird das Projekt als ERC Advanced Investigator Grant des Europäischen Forschungsrats gefördert. Die Förderung ist auf fünf Jahre angelegt. ...
Die Basler Historikerin Caroline Arni legt eine inspirierende und materialreiche Studie dazu vor, wie die Wissenschaften vom Menschen im 19. Jahrhundert das Ungeborene als Wissensgegenstand erschlossen. Sie arbeitet die Beiträge der Fötalphysiologie, Embryologie, Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychoanalyse heraus und rekonstruiert, welchen historischen Konjunkturen die Vorstellung eines mütterlichen Einflusses auf die Entwicklung des Ungeborenen unterlag. Überzeugend zeigt sie auf, wie das Konzept der biologischen Entwicklung unlösbare Fragen danach aufwarf, was ein menschliches Subjekt ausmacht. Die höchst lesenswerte wissenschaftshistorische Studie bietet auch für die geschlechtertheoretische Erforschung von Schwangerschaft und Geburt in der Gegenwart eine Vielzahl von Anregungen.
Die normative Assoziierung von Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) mit der Habermas‘schen deliberativen Demokratietheorie ist weit verbreitet; eine tiefere Auseinandersetzung mit alternativen Demokratieverständnissen bleibt allerdings weitestgehend aus. Daher regt dieser Beitrag eine grundsätzliche Debatte über die demokratietheoretische Einbettung der TA und ihr Verhältnis zum Politischen an. Aufbauend auf der u. a. in dieser Zeitschrift geführten Diskussion über die (Un)Möglichkeit normativer Neutralität in der TA wird eine weiterführende Kritik am Anspruch der TA auf normative Fundierung hergeleitet. Mit der pluralen und radikalen Demokratietheorie von Laclau und Mouffe werden gesellschaftstheoretische Annahmen der an deliberativer Demokratie orientierten TA hinterfragt, und es wird für eine Politisierung und Pluralisierung der TA argumentiert
CGC aktuell 01/2019
(2019)
This article aims to shed light on some core challenges of liberating social criticism. Its centerpiece is an intuitively attractive account of the nature and difficulty of critical social thought that nevertheless goes missing in many philosophical conversations about critique. This omission at bottom reflects the fact that the account presupposes a philosophically contentious conception of rationality. Yet the relevant conception of rationality does in fact inform influential philosophical treatments of social criticism, including, very prominently, a left Hegelian strand of thinking within contemporary Critical Theory. Moreover, it is possible to mount a defense of the conception by reconstructing, if with various qualifications and additions, an argument from classic—i.e., mid twentieth-century—Anglo-American philosophy of the social sciences, in particular, the argument that forms the backbone of Peter Winch’s The Idea of a Social Science. Winch draws his guiding insights from the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, and one of the payoffs of considering Winch’s Wittgenstein-inspired work against the backdrop of Hegel-inspired work in Critical Theory is to contest the artificial professional strictures that are sometimes taken to speak against reaching across the so-called ‘Continental Divide’ in philosophy. The larger payoff is advancing, by means of this philosophically ecumenical approach, the enterprise of liberating social thought.
Conflicts are shaping our life and influencing most of our behaviour. In the recent years, conflict archaeology has developed into a growing sub-discipline. This article tries to go beyond the traditional concepts of conflict archaeology that mainly addressing violence. We advocate widening the view on conflicts by including different levels of conflict escalation as well as of conflict de-escalation. Archaeological indicators for all of these facets of conflicts are discussed. Here, we concentrate on fortifications which are sensitive indicators of historical, social, economic and cultural processes and hence are able to indicate different facets of conflicts and not only violence. In this context, we also consider territoriality as relevant, because it is a kind of regulation, preventing conflicts from further escalation. The article presents a simple scheme of conflict archaeology which extends the traditional approach and provides deeper insights in human behaviour and its rational.
Rezension: HONNETH, A.: Reificación. Un estudio en la teoría del reconocimiento. Traducción de Graciela Calderón. Buenos Aires, Katz, 2007
This article is an attempt to re-read the magnum opus of Adorno's philosophy, namely Aesthetic Theory, using an interpretative key offered by Agata Bielik-Robson's book entitled Jewish Cryptotheologies of Late Modernity: Philosophical Marranos. This interpretative key, called by the Author The Marrano Strategy implemented to Adorno's late philosophy allows us to investigate the common points of Adorno's theory of art criticism and modern Jewish thought. Therefore the main question of this text concerns the characteristics of Jewishness and messianicity (Scholem, Derrida) in Adorno's Aesthetic Theory. The thesis that I am attempting to justify is as follows: the implementation of Marrano strategy to the modern art criticism redefines and reverses the relationship between the particular element and the universal domain. Consequently, this dialectical 'appreciation' of the particular establishes a common conceptual field for critical thinking and traditional, religious motifs.
This article discusses freedom of movement under the lens of shifting boundaries of membership and traces the tension between the political and the economic rationale of European integration. It first reflects on the normativity of free movement and links it to the foundations of modern democratic citizenship. Subsequently, it discusses the role of free movement in the construction of EU citizenship and argues that the genesis in market integration casts a long shadow which hinders EU citizenship's potential to fully display the logic of political and social equality. Under current conditions of huge wealth discrepancies between member states, the prevailing form of horizontal integration necessarily brings about a tension between mobility and solidarity, which in turn creates a barrier for further developing EU citizenship. It is concluded that strengthening an intra‐European dimension of solidarity is needed in order to substantiate the right to move as an equal European citizenship right.
O artigo trata da análise crítica de Jürgen Habermas da redefinição do papel político da Europa, mais voltada para a justiça social e a solidariedade, para um viés predominantemente econômico, de versão mais econômico-liberal, mais próxima da produtividade e da concorrência. A mudança política da integração europeia busca reforçar o pilar econômico da união monetária pela implementação de programas de ajustamento econômico do FMI. A consequência da opção da União Europeia por uma Europa-mercado de formato neoliberal é o desmonte do Estado social (mais voltado para justiça social) e a corrosão do elemento democrático das democracias nacionais (o esvaziamento da democracia). A consequência política dessa opção pelo neoliberalismo é a centralização supranacional de competências reguladoras para agências e organismos transnacionais europeus (Banco Central Europeu, Comissão Europeia, Tribunal Europeu, Parlamento Europeu), que lidam com acordos, contratos e tratados internacionais que deveriam funcionar como equivalentes de uma regulação política. O problema é a aprovação, a portas fechadas, de medidas que visam o controle da política econômica em detrimento da coordenação política. Isso implica a imposição de resoluções em áreas centrais de responsabilidade dos parlamentos dos Estados membros, potencializando nos Estados nacionais os problemas de legitimação necessária para implementar as políticas recomendadas de cima, explicitando a falha na construção da união monetária pela ausência dos instrumentos de uma política econômica comum.
Immer mehr Menschen fühlen sich in ihrer Existenz bedroht – selbst im Globalen Norden. Zugleich wird der politische Streit auf nationaler wie internationaler Bühne unversöhnlicher. Hängen diese beiden Beobachtungen zusammen und wenn ja, wie? Dieser Frage geht der Soziologe Thomas Scheffer in seinem Beitrag nach.
Angela Menig ist Mitarbeiterin der Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie (FAI) am Institut für Psychologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. In Ihrer Forschung befasst sie sich mit den Themen Belastung und Beanspruchung von Beschäftigten, angewandte Gesundheitspsychologie sowie Human Factors in der Automobilforschung.
Verena Zimmermann ist ebenfalls Mitarbeiterin der Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie. Sie forscht an der Schnittstelle zwischen Psychologie und Cybersecurity zu den Themen "Human Factors in Safety and Security" und "Usable IT Security".
Prof. Dr. Joachim Vogt leitet seit 2009 die Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Er forscht und lehrt zur Gestaltung komplexer sozio-technischer Systeme in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit den technischen Fachbereichen. Gestaltungsziele sind z.B. verbesserte Sicherheit und optimierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen.
Angelika Böhling leitet die Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Kindernothilfe, einer der größten christlichen Kinderrechtsorganisationen Europas. Sie vertritt die Kindernothilfe als Pressesprecherin nach außen und ist zudem Vorstandsmitglied im Bündnis Entwicklung hilft, einem Zusammenschluss von neun großen Spendenorganisationen.
CGC aktuell 02/2019
(2019)
The following article attempts to clarify the ambivalent relationship that Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse developed with the vitalist and phenomenological tendencies that permeated philosophy and the social sciences during the Weimar Republic. More precisely, it traces how both thinkers, in spite of acknowledging the “truth moment” contained in the criticism that the philosophical exponents of both movements (Husserl, Bergson, Dilthey) developed of 19th century positivism, also recognized in its shallow popularization the advancement of a dangerous philosophical irrationalism, suspicious of science and Enlightenment values, that would soon become an accomplice to the rise of fascism.
Das Projekt „Geo-Social Analysis of Physicians' Settlement" (kurz GAP) wurde ins Leben gerufen, um potentielle Lücken in der ambulanten medizinischen Versorgung deutscher Großstädte aufzudecken, insbesondere in Bezug auf den sozioökonomischen Status der in einem Praxisumfeld lebenden Bewohner. In der vorliegenden Studie erfolgte die Untersuchung des Niederlassungsverhaltens von Ärzten und Psychotherapeuten in Berlin-West im Hinblick auf sozioökonomische, demographische und topographische Faktoren.
Das Untersuchungsgebiet Berlin-West wurde in 251 Praxisumfelder untergliedert. Für diese wurden Daten zu Einwohnerzahl, Altersstruktur und Wohnlage sowie Arbeitslosen- und Ausländerquoten zusammengetragen. In vergleichenden Analysen konnten dann die Unterschiede im Niederlassungsverhalten der 20 Fachgebietskategorien hinsichtlich des sozialen Status der Praxisumfelder herausgearbeitet werden. Weitere Auswertungen beinhalteten eine genderspezifische Praxisumfeld-Analyse sowie Analysen nach Praxisform, Fremdsprachenkenntnissen der Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten sowie des Praxis-Jahres-Überschusses als Maß für das ärztliche Einkommen.
Im Rahmen einer Fachgebiet-Sozialindikatoren-Analyse ergab sich weder für die hausärztliche noch für den Großteil der fachärztlichen Versorgung in Berlin-West eine signifikante Bevorzugung von Gebieten mit einem höheren sozialen Status. Lediglich für die Gruppe der Ärztlichen und Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten zeigte sich, dass diese eindeutig vermehrt in Gegenden mit hohem sozialen Status niedergelassen sind. In der Gender-Analyse konnte gezeigt werden, dass Ärztinnen und Psychotherapeutinnen sozial schwächere Gegenden seltener als Niederlassungsstandort wählen. Im Rahmen einer Störfaktoren-Analyse konnten Zentrumsdistanz und Einwohnerdichte als mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Standortwahl der Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten ausgeschlossen werden.
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass über eine Unterteilung der einzelnen Großstädte in mehrere Planungsbereiche – statt sie wie bisher als einen einzelnen großen zu betrachten – nachgedacht werden sollte. Um die medizinischen Bedürfnisse der sozial schlechter gestellten Bevölkerung besser abdecken zu können, wäre die Einführung eines Sozialfaktors, ähnlich dem des bereits existierenden Demographiefaktors (zur Anpassung an die Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung) für die Berechnung des tatsächlichen Ärztebedarfs empfehlenswert. Auf diese Art und Weise könnte zukünftig eine bedarfsgerechtere Planung der Ärzteverteilung erfolgen und somit ein gleichmäßigerer Zugang zu ambulanter vertragsärztlicher Versorgung für alle GKV-Versicherten gewährleistet werden.
Refugee reception in Germany is a primarily municipal task that relies heavily on neighborhood-based volunteering. This paper asserts that there are fundamental spatial mismatches between municipal policies and neighborhood-based approaches that place additional burden on all of the stakeholders involved. Drawing from the case of Frankfurt-Rödelheim, which is a socially and ethnically mixed neighborhood in Frankfurt am Main, I show how the way the municipality accommodates refugees disregards the politically embraced work of neighborhood-based volunteers and how the ideal of neighborhood-based inclusion creates a spatial fetish that fails the living reality of the refugees. The findings are based on my ethnographic fieldwork as volunteer in a neighborhood-based welcome initiative.
Die seit der jüngeren Bronzezeit verstärkt auftretenden Bogenschützen und Schleuderer bedurften eines spezifischen Trainings und einer Ausbildung, die weg vom Individualkämpfer zum Kämpfer im Verbund ausgerichtet war. Dieser Prozess wird als Professionalisierung in der Kriegsführung und als einschneidende Veränderung im Konfliktgeschehen in der Bronzezeit verstanden. Der Begriff der Professio nalisierung wird daher zunächst in seiner technischen Bedeutung verwendet. Mit der Entwicklung von einer individuellen zu einer organisierten und in der Gruppe ausgeübten Aktion sind eine Steigerung der Effizienz und eine Standardisierung verbunden, die zur Verbesserung der Qualität – eben dem bewaffneten Konflikt führt. Seit der jüngeren Mittelbronzezeit und in der Spätbronzezeit sind durch spektakuläre neue Befunde Befestigungen bekannt geworden, die Spuren von Angriffen und Zerstörungen durch Brand/ Feuer aufweisen. Dabei kamen Fernwaffen zum Einsatz, Pfeil und Bogen sowie Schleuderkugeln und Speere. Jedoch scheinen solche Konflikte keine alltäglichen Ereignisse gewesen zu sein, da von den meisten Befestigungen keine Hinweise auf Konflikte oder Gewaltereignisse vorliegen.
Vorwort
(2019)
Foreword
(2019)
Axel Honneth desenvolve o conceito de reconhecimento, encarado como uma necessidade fundamental do ser-humano, de forma a constituir-se no núcleo de uma teoria da justiça que procura especificar as condições intersubjetivas de autorrealização individual. Apresenta-se uma teoria da justiça assente na reconstrução das práticas e condições de reconhecimento já institucionalizadas, analisando as instituições sociais em um sentido amplo. Pretende-se aproximar a concepção normativa da justiça da análise sociológica das sociedades modernas, através da reconstrução normativa e ao colocar a ênfase na liberdade social, baseada na dimensão intersubjetiva das instituições de reconhecimento. A liberdade social prevê o acesso às instituições de reconhecimento. Um dos objetivos é esboçar os problemas desse avanço interpretativo da teoria crítica do reconhecimento, pelo que iremos convocar a teoria da luta pelo reconhecimento de Honneth, incluir a sua reactualização mais recente do Direito de Hegel e explorar a sua proposta normativa para as condições de uma vida ética.
En el presente escrito, proponemos pensar al trabajo como socialización desde la Teoría del Reconocimiento de Axel Honneth. Para ello, efectuaremos previamente una aproximación, por separado, a las nociones de socialización y trabajo en la perspectiva teórica de Honneth. Ello nos permitirá dilucidar al trabajo como caso de socialización y extraer algunas conclusiones en torno al carácter material de la socialización en una sociedad estructurada en términos de lucha de clases.
O presente artigo versa sobre a «musealização» da arte a partir de um ponto de vista estético. Evocando o ensaio Museum Valéry Proust de Theodor W. Adorno, procuraremos compreender o processo de «musealização» da arte como condição efetiva de possibilidade da sua experiência estética. As posições sobre a matéria avançadas por Valéry em Le problème des musées e por Proust em A l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs, tal como apresentadas por Adorno, constituem a pedra de toque deste artigo. Pretenderemos, assim, discutir a questão da experiência (subjetiva) do objeto artístico como potencialidade de configuração da sua «segunda vida» [Zweites Leben], oposta aos processos de neutralização cultural de tal objeto. Os recentes estudos de Dario Gamboni dedicados a Odilon Redon – e à sua conceção de art suggestif, que integra uma singular perspetivação de experiência estética – serão, também, tratados.
Der UniReport sprach im Institut für Soziologie mit Prof. Thomas Lemke, dem Geschäftsführenden Direktor des Instituts, und den Studierenden Luisa Hecker (Master) und Adam Jendrzejewski (Bachelor) über das Selbstverständnis des Faches, über Studienbedingungen und über die gesellschaftliche Rolle der Soziologie.
Wie unterscheiden sich chinesisches und europäisches Wirtschaftsdenken, welche Einblicke liefert ein historischer Vergleich? Eine von den Goethe-Fellows Bertram Schefold und Iwo Amelung im Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften organisierte Konferenz widmete sich diesem bislang zu wenig beachteten Forschungsfeld (vgl. auch Beitrag Seite 13).
Frobenius – Die Kunst des Forschens : eine Ausstellung im Museum Giersch der Goethe-Universität
(2019)