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Die normative Assoziierung von Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) mit der Habermas‘schen deliberativen Demokratietheorie ist weit verbreitet; eine tiefere Auseinandersetzung mit alternativen Demokratieverständnissen bleibt allerdings weitestgehend aus. Daher regt dieser Beitrag eine grundsätzliche Debatte über die demokratietheoretische Einbettung der TA und ihr Verhältnis zum Politischen an. Aufbauend auf der u. a. in dieser Zeitschrift geführten Diskussion über die (Un)Möglichkeit normativer Neutralität in der TA wird eine weiterführende Kritik am Anspruch der TA auf normative Fundierung hergeleitet. Mit der pluralen und radikalen Demokratietheorie von Laclau und Mouffe werden gesellschaftstheoretische Annahmen der an deliberativer Demokratie orientierten TA hinterfragt, und es wird für eine Politisierung und Pluralisierung der TA argumentiert
CGC aktuell 01/2019
(2019)
This article aims to shed light on some core challenges of liberating social criticism. Its centerpiece is an intuitively attractive account of the nature and difficulty of critical social thought that nevertheless goes missing in many philosophical conversations about critique. This omission at bottom reflects the fact that the account presupposes a philosophically contentious conception of rationality. Yet the relevant conception of rationality does in fact inform influential philosophical treatments of social criticism, including, very prominently, a left Hegelian strand of thinking within contemporary Critical Theory. Moreover, it is possible to mount a defense of the conception by reconstructing, if with various qualifications and additions, an argument from classic—i.e., mid twentieth-century—Anglo-American philosophy of the social sciences, in particular, the argument that forms the backbone of Peter Winch’s The Idea of a Social Science. Winch draws his guiding insights from the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, and one of the payoffs of considering Winch’s Wittgenstein-inspired work against the backdrop of Hegel-inspired work in Critical Theory is to contest the artificial professional strictures that are sometimes taken to speak against reaching across the so-called ‘Continental Divide’ in philosophy. The larger payoff is advancing, by means of this philosophically ecumenical approach, the enterprise of liberating social thought.
Conflicts are shaping our life and influencing most of our behaviour. In the recent years, conflict archaeology has developed into a growing sub-discipline. This article tries to go beyond the traditional concepts of conflict archaeology that mainly addressing violence. We advocate widening the view on conflicts by including different levels of conflict escalation as well as of conflict de-escalation. Archaeological indicators for all of these facets of conflicts are discussed. Here, we concentrate on fortifications which are sensitive indicators of historical, social, economic and cultural processes and hence are able to indicate different facets of conflicts and not only violence. In this context, we also consider territoriality as relevant, because it is a kind of regulation, preventing conflicts from further escalation. The article presents a simple scheme of conflict archaeology which extends the traditional approach and provides deeper insights in human behaviour and its rational.
Rezension: HONNETH, A.: Reificación. Un estudio en la teoría del reconocimiento. Traducción de Graciela Calderón. Buenos Aires, Katz, 2007
This article is an attempt to re-read the magnum opus of Adorno's philosophy, namely Aesthetic Theory, using an interpretative key offered by Agata Bielik-Robson's book entitled Jewish Cryptotheologies of Late Modernity: Philosophical Marranos. This interpretative key, called by the Author The Marrano Strategy implemented to Adorno's late philosophy allows us to investigate the common points of Adorno's theory of art criticism and modern Jewish thought. Therefore the main question of this text concerns the characteristics of Jewishness and messianicity (Scholem, Derrida) in Adorno's Aesthetic Theory. The thesis that I am attempting to justify is as follows: the implementation of Marrano strategy to the modern art criticism redefines and reverses the relationship between the particular element and the universal domain. Consequently, this dialectical 'appreciation' of the particular establishes a common conceptual field for critical thinking and traditional, religious motifs.
This article discusses freedom of movement under the lens of shifting boundaries of membership and traces the tension between the political and the economic rationale of European integration. It first reflects on the normativity of free movement and links it to the foundations of modern democratic citizenship. Subsequently, it discusses the role of free movement in the construction of EU citizenship and argues that the genesis in market integration casts a long shadow which hinders EU citizenship's potential to fully display the logic of political and social equality. Under current conditions of huge wealth discrepancies between member states, the prevailing form of horizontal integration necessarily brings about a tension between mobility and solidarity, which in turn creates a barrier for further developing EU citizenship. It is concluded that strengthening an intra‐European dimension of solidarity is needed in order to substantiate the right to move as an equal European citizenship right.
O artigo trata da análise crítica de Jürgen Habermas da redefinição do papel político da Europa, mais voltada para a justiça social e a solidariedade, para um viés predominantemente econômico, de versão mais econômico-liberal, mais próxima da produtividade e da concorrência. A mudança política da integração europeia busca reforçar o pilar econômico da união monetária pela implementação de programas de ajustamento econômico do FMI. A consequência da opção da União Europeia por uma Europa-mercado de formato neoliberal é o desmonte do Estado social (mais voltado para justiça social) e a corrosão do elemento democrático das democracias nacionais (o esvaziamento da democracia). A consequência política dessa opção pelo neoliberalismo é a centralização supranacional de competências reguladoras para agências e organismos transnacionais europeus (Banco Central Europeu, Comissão Europeia, Tribunal Europeu, Parlamento Europeu), que lidam com acordos, contratos e tratados internacionais que deveriam funcionar como equivalentes de uma regulação política. O problema é a aprovação, a portas fechadas, de medidas que visam o controle da política econômica em detrimento da coordenação política. Isso implica a imposição de resoluções em áreas centrais de responsabilidade dos parlamentos dos Estados membros, potencializando nos Estados nacionais os problemas de legitimação necessária para implementar as políticas recomendadas de cima, explicitando a falha na construção da união monetária pela ausência dos instrumentos de uma política econômica comum.
Immer mehr Menschen fühlen sich in ihrer Existenz bedroht – selbst im Globalen Norden. Zugleich wird der politische Streit auf nationaler wie internationaler Bühne unversöhnlicher. Hängen diese beiden Beobachtungen zusammen und wenn ja, wie? Dieser Frage geht der Soziologe Thomas Scheffer in seinem Beitrag nach.
Angela Menig ist Mitarbeiterin der Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie (FAI) am Institut für Psychologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. In Ihrer Forschung befasst sie sich mit den Themen Belastung und Beanspruchung von Beschäftigten, angewandte Gesundheitspsychologie sowie Human Factors in der Automobilforschung.
Verena Zimmermann ist ebenfalls Mitarbeiterin der Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie. Sie forscht an der Schnittstelle zwischen Psychologie und Cybersecurity zu den Themen "Human Factors in Safety and Security" und "Usable IT Security".
Prof. Dr. Joachim Vogt leitet seit 2009 die Forschungsgruppe Arbeits- und Ingenieurpsychologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Er forscht und lehrt zur Gestaltung komplexer sozio-technischer Systeme in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit den technischen Fachbereichen. Gestaltungsziele sind z.B. verbesserte Sicherheit und optimierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen.
Angelika Böhling leitet die Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Kindernothilfe, einer der größten christlichen Kinderrechtsorganisationen Europas. Sie vertritt die Kindernothilfe als Pressesprecherin nach außen und ist zudem Vorstandsmitglied im Bündnis Entwicklung hilft, einem Zusammenschluss von neun großen Spendenorganisationen.
CGC aktuell 02/2019
(2019)
The following article attempts to clarify the ambivalent relationship that Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse developed with the vitalist and phenomenological tendencies that permeated philosophy and the social sciences during the Weimar Republic. More precisely, it traces how both thinkers, in spite of acknowledging the “truth moment” contained in the criticism that the philosophical exponents of both movements (Husserl, Bergson, Dilthey) developed of 19th century positivism, also recognized in its shallow popularization the advancement of a dangerous philosophical irrationalism, suspicious of science and Enlightenment values, that would soon become an accomplice to the rise of fascism.
Das Projekt „Geo-Social Analysis of Physicians' Settlement" (kurz GAP) wurde ins Leben gerufen, um potentielle Lücken in der ambulanten medizinischen Versorgung deutscher Großstädte aufzudecken, insbesondere in Bezug auf den sozioökonomischen Status der in einem Praxisumfeld lebenden Bewohner. In der vorliegenden Studie erfolgte die Untersuchung des Niederlassungsverhaltens von Ärzten und Psychotherapeuten in Berlin-West im Hinblick auf sozioökonomische, demographische und topographische Faktoren.
Das Untersuchungsgebiet Berlin-West wurde in 251 Praxisumfelder untergliedert. Für diese wurden Daten zu Einwohnerzahl, Altersstruktur und Wohnlage sowie Arbeitslosen- und Ausländerquoten zusammengetragen. In vergleichenden Analysen konnten dann die Unterschiede im Niederlassungsverhalten der 20 Fachgebietskategorien hinsichtlich des sozialen Status der Praxisumfelder herausgearbeitet werden. Weitere Auswertungen beinhalteten eine genderspezifische Praxisumfeld-Analyse sowie Analysen nach Praxisform, Fremdsprachenkenntnissen der Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten sowie des Praxis-Jahres-Überschusses als Maß für das ärztliche Einkommen.
Im Rahmen einer Fachgebiet-Sozialindikatoren-Analyse ergab sich weder für die hausärztliche noch für den Großteil der fachärztlichen Versorgung in Berlin-West eine signifikante Bevorzugung von Gebieten mit einem höheren sozialen Status. Lediglich für die Gruppe der Ärztlichen und Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten zeigte sich, dass diese eindeutig vermehrt in Gegenden mit hohem sozialen Status niedergelassen sind. In der Gender-Analyse konnte gezeigt werden, dass Ärztinnen und Psychotherapeutinnen sozial schwächere Gegenden seltener als Niederlassungsstandort wählen. Im Rahmen einer Störfaktoren-Analyse konnten Zentrumsdistanz und Einwohnerdichte als mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Standortwahl der Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten ausgeschlossen werden.
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass über eine Unterteilung der einzelnen Großstädte in mehrere Planungsbereiche – statt sie wie bisher als einen einzelnen großen zu betrachten – nachgedacht werden sollte. Um die medizinischen Bedürfnisse der sozial schlechter gestellten Bevölkerung besser abdecken zu können, wäre die Einführung eines Sozialfaktors, ähnlich dem des bereits existierenden Demographiefaktors (zur Anpassung an die Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung) für die Berechnung des tatsächlichen Ärztebedarfs empfehlenswert. Auf diese Art und Weise könnte zukünftig eine bedarfsgerechtere Planung der Ärzteverteilung erfolgen und somit ein gleichmäßigerer Zugang zu ambulanter vertragsärztlicher Versorgung für alle GKV-Versicherten gewährleistet werden.
Refugee reception in Germany is a primarily municipal task that relies heavily on neighborhood-based volunteering. This paper asserts that there are fundamental spatial mismatches between municipal policies and neighborhood-based approaches that place additional burden on all of the stakeholders involved. Drawing from the case of Frankfurt-Rödelheim, which is a socially and ethnically mixed neighborhood in Frankfurt am Main, I show how the way the municipality accommodates refugees disregards the politically embraced work of neighborhood-based volunteers and how the ideal of neighborhood-based inclusion creates a spatial fetish that fails the living reality of the refugees. The findings are based on my ethnographic fieldwork as volunteer in a neighborhood-based welcome initiative.
Die seit der jüngeren Bronzezeit verstärkt auftretenden Bogenschützen und Schleuderer bedurften eines spezifischen Trainings und einer Ausbildung, die weg vom Individualkämpfer zum Kämpfer im Verbund ausgerichtet war. Dieser Prozess wird als Professionalisierung in der Kriegsführung und als einschneidende Veränderung im Konfliktgeschehen in der Bronzezeit verstanden. Der Begriff der Professio nalisierung wird daher zunächst in seiner technischen Bedeutung verwendet. Mit der Entwicklung von einer individuellen zu einer organisierten und in der Gruppe ausgeübten Aktion sind eine Steigerung der Effizienz und eine Standardisierung verbunden, die zur Verbesserung der Qualität – eben dem bewaffneten Konflikt führt. Seit der jüngeren Mittelbronzezeit und in der Spätbronzezeit sind durch spektakuläre neue Befunde Befestigungen bekannt geworden, die Spuren von Angriffen und Zerstörungen durch Brand/ Feuer aufweisen. Dabei kamen Fernwaffen zum Einsatz, Pfeil und Bogen sowie Schleuderkugeln und Speere. Jedoch scheinen solche Konflikte keine alltäglichen Ereignisse gewesen zu sein, da von den meisten Befestigungen keine Hinweise auf Konflikte oder Gewaltereignisse vorliegen.
Vorwort
(2019)
Foreword
(2019)
Axel Honneth desenvolve o conceito de reconhecimento, encarado como uma necessidade fundamental do ser-humano, de forma a constituir-se no núcleo de uma teoria da justiça que procura especificar as condições intersubjetivas de autorrealização individual. Apresenta-se uma teoria da justiça assente na reconstrução das práticas e condições de reconhecimento já institucionalizadas, analisando as instituições sociais em um sentido amplo. Pretende-se aproximar a concepção normativa da justiça da análise sociológica das sociedades modernas, através da reconstrução normativa e ao colocar a ênfase na liberdade social, baseada na dimensão intersubjetiva das instituições de reconhecimento. A liberdade social prevê o acesso às instituições de reconhecimento. Um dos objetivos é esboçar os problemas desse avanço interpretativo da teoria crítica do reconhecimento, pelo que iremos convocar a teoria da luta pelo reconhecimento de Honneth, incluir a sua reactualização mais recente do Direito de Hegel e explorar a sua proposta normativa para as condições de uma vida ética.
En el presente escrito, proponemos pensar al trabajo como socialización desde la Teoría del Reconocimiento de Axel Honneth. Para ello, efectuaremos previamente una aproximación, por separado, a las nociones de socialización y trabajo en la perspectiva teórica de Honneth. Ello nos permitirá dilucidar al trabajo como caso de socialización y extraer algunas conclusiones en torno al carácter material de la socialización en una sociedad estructurada en términos de lucha de clases.
O presente artigo versa sobre a «musealização» da arte a partir de um ponto de vista estético. Evocando o ensaio Museum Valéry Proust de Theodor W. Adorno, procuraremos compreender o processo de «musealização» da arte como condição efetiva de possibilidade da sua experiência estética. As posições sobre a matéria avançadas por Valéry em Le problème des musées e por Proust em A l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs, tal como apresentadas por Adorno, constituem a pedra de toque deste artigo. Pretenderemos, assim, discutir a questão da experiência (subjetiva) do objeto artístico como potencialidade de configuração da sua «segunda vida» [Zweites Leben], oposta aos processos de neutralização cultural de tal objeto. Os recentes estudos de Dario Gamboni dedicados a Odilon Redon – e à sua conceção de art suggestif, que integra uma singular perspetivação de experiência estética – serão, também, tratados.
Der UniReport sprach im Institut für Soziologie mit Prof. Thomas Lemke, dem Geschäftsführenden Direktor des Instituts, und den Studierenden Luisa Hecker (Master) und Adam Jendrzejewski (Bachelor) über das Selbstverständnis des Faches, über Studienbedingungen und über die gesellschaftliche Rolle der Soziologie.
Wie unterscheiden sich chinesisches und europäisches Wirtschaftsdenken, welche Einblicke liefert ein historischer Vergleich? Eine von den Goethe-Fellows Bertram Schefold und Iwo Amelung im Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften organisierte Konferenz widmete sich diesem bislang zu wenig beachteten Forschungsfeld (vgl. auch Beitrag Seite 13).
Frobenius – Die Kunst des Forschens : eine Ausstellung im Museum Giersch der Goethe-Universität
(2019)
»Mühsam, es lohnt sich aber« : Europatag der Bürgerbewegung Pulse of Europe und der Goethe-Uni
(2019)
Der Psychologe William von Hippel und der Pädagoge Mikael Arevius zeigen, wo sich im evolutionären Prozess unserer Spezies und mit einem faktenbasierten Weltwissen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte positive Entwicklungen belegen lassen. Im Sommersemester übernahmen sie die Jubiläumsgastprofessur der Freunde und Förderer, zu der neben der wissenschaftlichen Community auch die Mitglieder der Freundesvereinigung und die Bürgergesellschaft eingeladen waren. Finanziert wurden die Aufenthalte der beiden Gastwissenschaftler von der Frankfurter Ernst Max von Grunelius-Stiftung; wissenschaftlich betreut wurde diese „Zukunftsgastprofessur“ von dem Sozialpsychologen und Vizepräsidenten der Goethe-Universität, Prof. Rolf van Dick.
Unter dem Namen #climonomics – EU-Klimakonferenz für Schüler*innen: A Friday for Future veranstaltete das PolECulE-Projekt, ein Kooperationsprojekt der Englisch- und Politikdidaktik, am 25. Oktober eine Veranstaltung für Schüler*innen. Hier wurde die aktuelle EU-Klimapolitik im Rahmen eines Rollenspiels erörtert und debattiert. Nachdem die Hessenschau, FAZ, der Deutschlandfunk und die Frankfurter Rundschau ausgiebig über das Projekt berichteten, schreibt auch Charlotte Wittich (17), angehende Abiturientin am Heinrich-von-Gagern-Gymnasium, von ihren Erfahrungen.
Nhakanomics: Harvesting Knowledge and Value for Re-generation Through Social Innovation is a radical departure from the commonly held belief that neo-liberal economics from the US and the West is universal, and is the only solution to underdevelopment and poverty throughout the world. Instead, the book teases out and theorises the intellectually rutted terrain of development studies, and neo-liberal economics from a decolonial Pan-Africanist perspective. Following a path of social innovation, with perspectives drawn from social anthropology, economics, and business and management studies Nhakanomics is a unique socio-economic approach applicable in the Global South and in Southern Africa in particular. The study argues that the process and substance of nhakanomics with its pre-emphasis on the relational South provides a robust and holistic approach to social innovation and social transformation grounded in relational networks and meshworks. The central idea is a call to re-GENE-rate society, through local Grounding and Origination, and tapping into local-global Emergent Foundations via a newly global Emancipatory Navigation, while ultimately culminating in global-local transformative Effects in four recursive cycles of re-GENE-rating C(K)umusha, Culture, Communication, and Capital after re-Constituting Africa-the 5Cs. With a novel and radical approach the book is an interrogation of neo-liberal economics in the Global South. As such, this book is remarkably handy to students and practitioners in the fields of economics, development studies, political science, science and technology studies, business management, sociology, transformation studies, and development related non-Governmental Organisations working with grassroots communities.
Birgit Stark ist Professorin für Kommunikationswissenschaft an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. Sie ist Sprecherin des Forschungsschwerpunkts Medienkonvergenz und leitet als Co-Direktorin das Mainzer Medieninstitut. Ihre Forschungsarbeiten thematisieren die Folgen des digitalen Strukturwandels der Öffentlichkeit auf Medieninhalte und -nutzung. Dabei fokussiert sie sich auf die Rolle von Informationsintermediären (z. B. Google, Facebook) und analysiert die Auswirkungen algorithmenbasierter Informationsnutzung. Ihre derzeitigen DFG-geförderten Projekte untersuchen ländervergleichend demokratische Medienqualität und die Folgen fragmentierter Mediennutzung auf gesellschaftliche Integrationsprozesse.
Nina Janich ist Professorin am Institut für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Zu ihren Forschungsgebieten zählen Fragen der Sprachkultur und Sprachkritik sowie Sprachanwendung in der Wissenschaft. Zudem ist sie Jury-Sprecherin der sprachkritischen Aktion "Unwort des Jahres".
Manfred Niekisch arbeitete in leitenden Funktionen bei den internationalen Naturschutzorganisationen World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) und Oro- Verde, bevor er 1998 zum Professor für Internationalen Naturschutz an der Universität Greifswald berufen wurde. Ehrenamtlich war und ist er in zahlreichen Kommissionen und Leitungsgremien tätig, so als Präsident der Society for Tropical Ecology, Vizepräsident der Zoologischen Gesellschaft Frankfurt und im Kuratorium der Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung. 2008 wurde er in den Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen (SRU) der Bundesregierung berufen. Im selben Jahr übernahm er die Leitung des Frankfurter Zoos. Seit 2010 ist Niekisch kooptierter Professor der Universität Frankfurt.
Florian Meesmann verantwortet als Redaktionsleiter von MDR Aktuell TV die täglichen Hauptnachrichtensendungen. Er versteht diese Aufgabe als Teil eines Transformationsprozesses zu einem multimedialen Medienunternehmen. Im Mittelpunkt: Die enge Verknüpfung von Fernsehen, Hörfunk und online. Von 2012 bis 2016 war er als stellvertretender Redaktionsleiter u.a. für ARD-Wahlsendungen verantwortlich. Zuvor leitete er mehrere Jahre das ARD-Studio Neu-Delhi. Er berichtete aus den Kriegen und Krisen in Afghanistan und Pakistan. Florian Meesmann ist Fellow des Mercator Science-Policy Fellowship-Programms.
Andreas Monz leitet die Zentralabteilung in der Hessischen Staatskanzlei. Neben originären Verwaltungstätigkeiten werden dort wesentliche Themen der Staatsmodernisierung in Hessen inhaltlich gesteuert und für die Landesregierung aufbereitet. Andreas Monz ist Jurist und hat Verwaltungserfahrung von der kommunalen über die Landes- bis zur Bundesebene. Mehrere Jahre war er in koordinierender Funktion im politischen Bereich des Hessischen Landtags tätig. Er ist Fellow des Mercator Science-Policy Fellowship-Programms.
Seit 2000 ist die promovierte Geoökologin als Referatsleiterin in der Berliner Senatsverwaltung u.a. für die atomrechtliche Aufsichts- und Genehmigungsbehörde, die Katastrophenschutzbehörde, die Strahlenmessstelle Berlin und das Berliner Luftgütemessnetz zuständig. Seit 2010 ist Heike Kaupp stellvertretende Abteilungsleiterin der Abteilung Integrativer Umweltschutz. Sie ist Fellow des Mercator Science-Policy Fellowship-Programms an den Rhein-Main-Universitäten.
Mehr Mut zur Relevanz
(2019)
Nicole Deitelhoff hat seit 2009 eine Professur für Internationale Beziehungen und Theorien Globaler Ordnungen an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt inne. Sie ist Mitglied des Direktoriums des Frankfurter Exzellenzclusters "Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen" an der Goethe-Universität und Geschäftsführende Direktorin des Leibniz-Institut Hessische Stiftung Friedensund Konfliktforschung (HSFK). Sie ist u.a. Mitglied des Beirats für Fragen der Inneren Führung des Bundesministeriums für Verteidigung und Mitglied der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission.
Browsing the web for school: social inequality in adolescents’ school-related use of the internet
(2019)
This article examines whether social inequality exists in European adolescents’ school-related Internet use regarding consuming (browsing) and productive (uploading/sharing) activities. These school-related activities are contrasted with adolescents’ Internet activities for entertainment purposes. Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 is used for the empirical analyses. Results of partial proportional odds models show that students with higher educated parents and more books at home tend to use the Internet more often for school-related tasks than their less privileged counterparts. This pattern is similar for school-related browsing and sharing Internet activities. In contrast to these findings on school-related Internet activities, a negative association between parental education and books at home is found with adolescents’ frequency of using the Internet for entertainment purposes. The implications of digital inequalities for educational inequalities are discussed.
In this article, we explore civil society mobilisation and the impact of organised interests on the energy policies of two post-communist countries—Hungary and Czechia—and specifically nuclear energy. Drawing on numerous hypotheses from the literature on organised interests, we explore how open both political systems are for civil society input and what interest group-specific and socio-economic factors mediate the influence of organised interests. Based on the preference attainment method, our case studies focus on the extent to which organised interests have succeeded bringing nuclear energy legislation in line with their preferences. We find that while both democracies are open to civil society input, policy-making is generally conducted in state-industrial circles, whereby anti-nuclear and renewable energy advocates are at best able to make minor corrections to already pre-determined policies.
"We have always been living in bubbles" The opportunities and risks in the digitalisation of media
(2019)
Critique, and especially radical critique of reason, is under pressure from two opponents. Whereas the proponents of "post-critical" or "acritical" thinking denounce critique as an empty and self-righteous repetition of debunking, the decriers of "post-truth" accuse critique of having helped to bring about our current "post-truth" politics. Both advocate realism as a limit critique must respect, but Vogelmann defends the claim that we urgently need radical critiques of reason because they offer a more precise diagnosis of the untruths in politics the two opponents of critique are rightfully worried about. Radical critiques of reason are possible, he argues, if we turn our attention to the practices of criticizing, if we refrain from a sovereign epistemology, and if we pluralize reason without trivializing it. In order to demonstrate the diagnostic advantage of radical critiques of reason, he briefly analyzes the political and epistemic strategy at work in two exemplary untruths in politics.
In June 2016, the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (Norhed) hosted a conference on the theme of 'knowledge for development' in an attempt to shift the focus of the programme towards its academic content. This book follows up on that event. The conference highlighted the usefulness of presenting the value of Norhed's different projects to the world, showing how they improve knowledge and expand access to it through co-operation. A wish for more meta-knowledge was also expressed and this gives rise to the following questions: Is this way of co-operating contributing to the growth of independent post-colonial knowledge production in the South, based on analyses of local data and experiences in ways that are relevant to our shared future? Does the growth of academic independence, as well as greater equality, and the ability to develop theories different to those imposed by the better-off parts of the world, give rise to deeper understandings and better explanations? Does it, at least, spread the ability to translate existing methodologies in ways that add meaning to observations of local context and data, and thus enhance the relevance and influence of the academic profession locally and internationally? This book, in its varied contributions, does not provide definite answers to these questions but it does show that Norhed is a step in the right direction. Norhed is an attempt to fund collaboration within and between higher education institutions. We know that both the uniqueness of this programme, and ideas of how to better utilise the learning and experience emerging from it, call for more elaboration and broader dissemination before we can offer further guidance on how to do things better. This book is a first attempt.
Der Leiter des ethnografischen Bildarchivs und Mitherausgeber der Studien zur Kulturkunde Dr. Richard Kuba und die Kunsthistorikerin und Mitarbeiterin des Frobenius-Instituts Dr. Hélène Ivanoff sprechen mit Hadi Khatib Slgini, Student der Ethnologie an der Universität Frankfurt, über das von ANR und DFG geförderte „Anthropos-Projekt“.
Sind Meinungs- und Wissenschaftsfreiheit an den Universitäten gefährdet? Darf nicht mehr oder nur noch eingeschränkt über bestimmte Themen gesprochen werden? Präsidium und Studierende der Goethe-Universität hatten im Rahmen der Reihe »Diskursraum – Wissenschaft in Geschichte und Gesellschaft« einen Diskussionsabend im Bibliothekszentrum Geisteswissenschaften organisiert. Im so genannten »FishBowl«-Format war das Publikum eng eingebunden und konnte so die Möglichkeit nutzen, eigene Ideen und Anmerkungen einzubringen.
Gefährdung der Meinungsfreiheit? : Fragen an den Wissenschaftssoziologen Prof. David Kaldewey
(2019)
Nesse ensaio pretendemos apresentar aquilo que entendemos ser o estatuto teórico da Teoria Crítica e, a partir disso, explorar o diálogo que Jürgen Habermas faz com essa tradição. Através da apresentação das proposições de Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno e Herbert Marcuse, pretendemos evidencias como Habermas tem assumido o compromisso ético-político pela transformação social e pela emancipação humana que caracteriza o projeto frankfurtiano desde a primeira geração, assim como por meio da crítica aos antigos mestres elabora a ampliação do significado da racionalidade a partir de um novo marco de interpretação, para além da redução à razão instrumental. Finalmente, com essa discussão poderemos assinalar como sua proposta para a Teoria Crítica oferece elementos imprescindíveis para a contrução de uma Psicologia Social Crítica.
Neste artigo, propõe-se uma confrontação entre a teoria dos signos de Gotthold E. Lessing, tal como exposta em Laocoonte ou sobre as fronteiras da pintura e da poesia (1766), e os dois ensaios de Theodor W. Adorno sobre as relações entre música e pintura (de 1950 e 1965). Pretende-se, com isso, demonstrar a presença decisiva de elementos da estética clássica alemã no pensamento adorniano do pós-guerra; em particular, observa-se o modo pelo qual a teoria racionalista de Lessing atua na abordagem dialética adorniana a respeito da irredutibilidade formal dos meios artísticos e das possibilidades de sua convergência. À luz de tal confrontação, discutem-se, em um segundo momento do artigo, os temas da conferência de Adorno de 1966, A arte e as artes, que, em certa medida, consubstancia a discussão dos ensaios anteriores sobre música e pintura. Assinala-se, nesse contexto, a continuidade da posição teórica de Adorno e se apresentam as diferenças entre o processo de pseudomorfose e o de imbricação (Verfransung) dos meios artísticos, segundo o filósofo.
This article is an inquiry into the concept of metaphysical experience through a joint discussion of two authors and philosophers with different approaches that nevertheless converge in the reclamation of the concept and rely both on the experience of death as an example. In both cases, the authors are guided by the central problem of how not to relinquish metaphysical experience to unscrutinized immediacy or a powerful conversion which enjoins subjection, putting it in contact with aesthetics and ethics at once. Theodor Adorno situates metaphysical experience as a problem of philosophy of history and devotes attention to the contemporary possibility of experiences that evoke transcendence. The transformations he identifies in the concept also lead him to propose art as a domain where metaphysical experience is alive. The implicit personal investment Adorno makes is much more clear in Lacoue-Labarthe who, in a dialogue with Maurice Blanchot, shows the experience as deeply bound up with literature and its links to subjectivity. The article argues that the main difference between the two approaches is modal and temporal from the side of the object, aside from the different modes of interrogation recognized with the labels deconstruction and critical theory.
This essay focuses on the relationship between solipsism and aesthetic subjectivity, as outlined in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. As he mentions, according to dialectical materialism, solipsism gained actuality within (radical) modernism as general “standpoint”, realized in atomistic society through “reified division of labor”. This also applies to artistic production. At the same time, solipsism constitutes a long standing philosophical hypothesis, which concerns the truth value of perception, thus imitating the “subjective point of reference in art”. Therefore, Adorno’s brief statements on the relationship between epistemological solipsism and immanent artistic subjectivity designate different phenomena under the same heading; these concern sociological, cognitive and existential aspects of artistic creation and aesthetic experience, sedimented in the artwork’s content. However, he often undertakes abrupt conceptual transitions within them. In this essay, I mainly focus on the cognitive aspect, especially on the relationship between solipsism and art’s “subjective point of reference”. For this purpose, I reconstruct Adorno’s relevant ideas on the role of subjectivity within art and relate them to his elaborated analysis of the process of aesthetic experience. Finally, I scrutinize the value of this non-apodictic truth and its relationship to particular aspects of “truth-content” and to Adorno’s redemption of the artwork’s fragile ontological status, its semblance character.
Este artigo apresenta a contribuição de Theodor W. Adorno para a configuração de uma educação capaz de enfrentar os irracionalismos contemporâneos, por meio de uma retomada da definição da dialética como crítica do pensamento filosófico. Este tem, modernamente, se limitado a enlevar a racionalidade à máxima potência, sem se debruçar sobre os efeitos de suas promessas não cumpridas. A obra de Adorno é reconhecida por uma propugnação segundo a qual cabe à filosofia a tarefa da reflexão crítica e do esclarecimento da forma como a cultura se organiza. Tal proposição leva a um projeto teórico que pressupõe a tomada de consciência sobre os descaminhos da razão, numa tentativa de que, por intermédio do esclarecimento, o homem possa construir possibilidades de autonomia e emancipação. O artigo se organiza em duas partes, assim apresentados: 1. Ambições tórico-práticas da teoria crítica da sociedade e 2) Fios que tecem a teoria crítica de T. W. Adorno, este dividido em três tópicos: a) O clima cultural geral do capitalismo tardio - a propensão à barbárie; b) Falência da cultura - razão objetiva da barbárie; c) Reflexos da vida danificada: o adoecimento do contato.
O tema geral do presente artigo trata da antropologia histórica encontrada em “The Authoritarian Personality” e fundamentada em “Dialética do Esclarecimento”. Especificamente, abordaremos a conceituação que compreende as movimentações pulsionais (segundo leitura da teoria freudiana) enquanto natureza interna, fundamento da concepção da antropologia aqui debatida. Com isso, ao falarmos de antropologia e de natureza, não estamos nos referindo a concepções imutáveis e “biologizantes”, mas a noções históricas e contextuais. Para tanto, iremos nos voltar à “Ideia de história natural” adorniana, precisamente à dialética entre história e natureza. No texto, Adorno trata de dois movimentos de tal dialética: uma concepção de Lukács, para quem elementos da história se tornam naturalizados enquanto segundo natureza, o que pode ser exemplificado com o esquematismo hollywoodiano promovido pela indústria cultural; o segundo movimento, sob influência de Walter Benjamin, trata da transitoriedade histórica da natureza, quando resquícios arcaicos reprimidos pelo sentido histórico dominante ressurgem, tornando-se possibilidade de outra orientação histórica. Este debate se mostra importante justamente porque se encontra no cerne da relação entre economia-política/sociologia e psicanálise, os domínios teóricos mais relevantes para a primeira geração da Teoria Crítica. Por mais que pensemos que há uma antropologia implícita para Horkheimer e Adorno – que enxergariam o ser humano enquanto naturalmente agressivo e destruidor –, o nosso intuito é mostrar que, se a antropologia e a natureza são históricas, o ser humano age a partir da pulsão de morte justamente porque o meio social que o forma é ele mesmo dominador, violento, reificado e alienante.
Hamlet or Europe and the end of modern Trauerspiel. On some shakespearians motifs in Walter Benjamin
(2019)
Hamlet’s character sets, under different shapes and extents, the benchmark against which a large part of the European philosophy of the very long «short twentieth-century» behind us has had to measure. In the name of Hamlet as the most enigmatic among Shakespeare’s creatures, even Europe, its spirit and destiny, is identified, according to the well-known claim by Paul Valery.
Common trait to a big part of these interpretations – from the juvenile works of Pavel Florenskij and Lev S. Vygotskij (respectively written in 1905 and 1915) to Carl Schmitt’s Hamlet oder Ekuba. Der Einbruch der Zeit in das Spiel (1956) – is offered by the detection, in Hamlet’s figure, of the contradiction inherent to an epochal transition: the time of an unresolved passage between two ages that only knows the endless pain of an “interim”. My paper concerns the possibility to interpret Hamlet’s time as the time of an “interim” in light of Benjamin’s claims about Shakespeare’s drama contained in his book on the German Trauerspiel.
While Florenskij interprets Hamlet’s time as tragic and the figure of Hamlet as a tragic one, in my essay - moving from some observations on the " Hamlet Problem " by the young Franz Rosenzweig - I consider the original Benjaminian thesis about the character and the drama of Hamlet as the end of the modern Trauerspiel. Starting from a statement by Theodor Adorno in the famed Hornberger Brief to Benjamin of August 2, 1935, I outline, therefore, how Benjamin characterizes the figure of Hamlet. This, from his early writings on the relationship between tragedy and Trauerspiel up to the great book on the Origin of the German Trauerspiel.
In the frame of Benjamin’s interpretation, exactly by virtue of its distance from the thesis on the duality of tragedy (evoked by Florenskij’s interpretation as well as other ones), the Shakespearian theatrum of consciousness, paradigmatically represented in the figure of Hamlet and in the intimately dialectic character of his drama, is accounted for as necessary correlate of the Cartesian’s theatrum of consciousness. From a theoretical point of view, the Benjaminian characterization of Hamlet's figure reveals, therefore, something of the nature of modern consciousness and of consciousness in general in relation to the problem of truth and its representation. Hence the end of modern Trauerspiel coincides with the original incompleteness of its time. Consequently, I also claim Hamlet's dramatic figure to represent the aporetic characters of modern politics. This contrasts the thesis of Carl Schmitt who (in direct controversy with Benjamin) speaks, instead, of the Shakespearean drama as an expression of a pre-modern barbaric time.
This article claims that the institution of the market is structurally exploitative. It allows for exploitation, it encouragesactors to engage in it and it even pressurizes them to do so. Within Marxism, this claim is well known, but can it bedefended without strongly relying on Marxist concepts and arguments? I will answer in the affirmative and identify theforces of market competition to be a fundamental source of exploitative pressures...
Das Phänomen Straßenmusik: Teil einer städtischen Identität? : eine Analyse am Fallbeispiel Dublin
(2019)
The objective of this work is to understand the significance of street music for the city of Dublin and to what extent street music is part of the collective identity of its inhabitants. The idea behind this topic is this: A modern city stands for concentrated diversity. Despite this enormous diversity of people, ideas and beliefs, there are certain factors that every identity in a city shares: in this case, it is the street music. The work first introduces the research „Das Dublin Projekt. Die Rolle der Straßenmusik in der Hauptstadtkultur" (The Dublin Project. The role of street music in the capital city culture) of 2018 and uses selected points of analysis to illustrate the observed high value of street music as well as the process of the research and an overview of the applied scientific methods. In the second part of this work, the actual research-thesis will be explained and various theories on „identity" will be illustrated. For this purpose, selected theories are used to interpret the own findings with regard to the research-thesis. The focus here is on urban and collective identity theories. Finally, the answers to the questions posed will be given as well as an outlook on possible, supplementary and further research. Medial support of this work comes from attached photos of the described scenes as well as from map sections showing the distances covered and the hotspots of the research.
Gleich zwei Anlässe bestehen für unser Gespräch mit dem Politikwissenschaftler Prof. Dr. Lothar Brock (Jg. 1939) über die „Kunst, Kriege zu beenden“: ein weltordnungspolitischer Anlass mit dem 100-jährigen Jahrestag des Beginns der Pariser Friedenskonferenz – und ein biografischer Anlass unseres Gesprächspartners. Am 30. Januar 2019 feierte Lothar Brock, der an der Goethe-Universität zunächst seit 1992 als Professor und seit 2004 als Senior-Professor lehrt, seinen 80. Geburtstag. Überlegungen zu Krieg und Frieden in Geschichte und Gegenwart.
Attachment theory is commonly used to investigate children’s psychosocial development. To demonstrate cultural variability and to advance the idea of attachment as a collective resource, we assessed children’s attachment networks during middle childhood among the Nseh, a Cameroonian clan with distinct concepts of family and childhood. Using photo elicitation interviews, we used an exploratory approach to investigate the structural and functional composition of these networks and to generate a comprehensive overview. Participants were 11 children (six girls and five boys), aged 6 to 10 years. Children took photos of individuals who were important to them and with whom they felt safe, comfortable, and at ease. Then, in follow-up interviews they were asked to characterize their attachment figures on sociostructural dimensions and to elaborate how those individuals made them feel comfortable and safe. Transcripts of the interviews were coded using ethnographic strategies. Initial descriptive codes were analyzed concerning key terms, semantic relationships, and their context of meaning, before assigning higher level codes to generate distinct main categories of functionality. Children described attachment networks that were structurally adapted to concepts of social ties and interactional norms of the clan. Concerning their functionality, children differentiated between peers, responsible for overt emotional needs, and adults, providing nutritional care. We conclude that this pattern reflects sources of security and concepts of care of the distinct developmental environment. We discuss the importance of context-specific and comprehensive approaches to attachment, moving beyond Eurocentric monotropic concepts, with the goal of developing a complex understanding of childhood across ecocultural settings.
The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development stresses the fundamental role science should play in implementing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals endorsed by the global community. But how can and should researchers respond to this societal demand on science? We argue that answering this question requires systematic engagement with the fundamental normative dimensions of the 2030 Agenda and those of the scientific community—and with the implications these dimensions have for research and practice. We suggest that the production of knowledge relevant to sustainable development entails analytic engagement with norms and values through four tasks. First, to unravel and critically reflect on the ethical values involved in sustainability, values should increasingly become an empirical and theoretical object of sustainability research. Second, to ensure that research on social–ecological systems is related to sustainability values, researchers should reflect on and spell out what sustainability values guide their research, taking into account possible interdependencies, synergies, and trade-offs. Third, to find common ground on what sustainability means for specific situations, scientists should engage in deliberative learning processes with societal actors, with a view to jointly reflecting on existing development visions and creating new, contextualized ones. Fourth, this implies that researchers and scientific disciplines must clarify their own ethical and epistemic values, as this defines accountability and shapes identification of problems, research questions, and results. We believe that ignoring these tasks, whether one is in favor or critical of the 2030 Agenda, will undermine the credibility and relevance of scientific contributions for sustainable development.
Die Digitalisierung der Kommunikation: Gesellschaftliche Trends und der Wandel von Organisationen
(2019)
Die Publikation bieten einen Überblick zu den mit der Digitalisierung der Kommunikation zusammenhängenden gesellschaftlichen Trends wie Always-On Kultur, Shitstorm, Fake News und den Auswirkungen auf Schulen, Medien, Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Arbeitswelt und Sport.
Diese Publikation liegt auch als Science Policy Paper 6 in englischer Sprache vor (urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-478533).
Inhaltsverzeichnis:
Christian Reuter, Tanjev Schultz, Christian Stegbauer: Die Digitalisierung der Kommunikation: Gesellschaftliche Trends und der Wandel von Organisationen – Einleitung
Daniel Lambach: Digitale Welt und reale Welt – keine Gegensätze mehr
Leonard Reinecke: Schöne neue Smartphone-Welt? Psychologisches Wohlbefinden im Spannungsfeld von digitaler Autonomie und ständiger Vernetztheit
Christian Reuter: Fake News und manipulierte Meinungsbildung
Christian Stegbauer: Massenhafte Wutanfälle im Internet oder kann der Shitstorm jeden treffen?
Volker Schaeffer: „Wir haben schon immer in Bubbles gelebt“ – Chancen und Gefahren der Digitalisierung in den Medien
Angela Menig, Verena Zimmermann, Joachim Vogt: Die digitale Transformation der Arbeitswelt – Chance oder Risiko?
Stefan Aufenanger, Jasmin Bastian: Einsatz digitaler Technologie in Schulen
Angelika Böhling: Entwicklungszusammenarbeit goes digital– Chancen und Herausforderungen der digitalen Kommunikation von Nichtregierungsorganisationen
Josef Wiemeyer: Digitale Interaktion und Kommunikation im Sport
This publication aims to provide an overview on how digitalisation of communication results in societal trends such as an “always-on” culture, “shitstorms”, “fake news” and their effects on schools, media, non-governmental organisations, work and sports.
Table of Contents
Christian Reuter, Tanjev Schultz, Christian Stegbauer: Digitalisation and Communication: Societal Trends and the Change in Organisations — Preface
Daniel Lambach: Digital World and Real World – Opposites no more
Leonard Reinecke: Brave New Smartphone World? Psychological Wellbeing between Digital Autonomy and Constant Connectedness
Christian Reuter: Fake News and the Manipulation of Public Opinion
Christian Stegbauer: Tantrums on a Massive Scale, or: Could Anybody be a Victim of Social Media Outrage?
Volker Schaeffer: “We Have Always Been Living in Bubbles” The Opportunities and Risks in the Digitalisation of Media
Angela Menig, Verena Zimmermann, Joachim Vogt: Digital Transformation of the Workplace – Risk or Opportunity?
Stefan Aufenanger, Jasmin Bastian: Digital Technology in Schools
Angelika Böhling: Development Assistance Goes Digital - The Opportunities and Challenges Non-Governmental Organisations Face in Digital Communication
Josef Wiemeyer: Digital Interaction and Communication in Sports
Christian Stegbauer ist außerplanmäßiger Professor für Soziologie mit dem Schwerpunkt Netzwerksoziologie an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. Er forscht zurzeit zur Herausbildung von Mikrokulturen innerhalb von Beziehungsstrukturen. Wie dies geschieht, wird an alltäglichem Verhalten im Buch "Grundlagen der Netzwerkforschung: Situationen, Mikronetzwerke und Kultur" dargelegt. Seine aktuelle Publikation "Shitstorms: Der Zusammenprall digitaler Kulturen" wendet die Erkenntnisse an und zeigt, welches die Bedingungen der Entstehung von Shitstorms sind.
Bereits seit den 80er-Jahren erleben wir die Digitalisierung der Kommunikation. Mit dem Siegeszug des Internets in den 90er-Jahren intensivierte sich dieser Prozess und erreichte ab Mitte der 2000er mit der Verbreitung sozialer Medien und Smartphones eine neue Dimension. Neue technische Möglichkeiten haben neue gesellschaftliche Trends hervorgebracht bzw. verstärkt. Die Digitalisierung der Kommunikation verändert aber auch traditionelle Organisationsformen in atemberaubender Geschwindigkeit. Diese Publikation bietet einen Überblick zu diesen beiden Entwicklungen: gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen wie das Ineinandergreifen von realer und digitaler Welt, ständige Vernetztheit, Fake News und Shitstorm auf der einen Seite und die Auswirkungen dieser Prozesse auf traditionelle Medien, Arbeitswelt, Schulen, Nichtregierungsorganisationen und den Sportsektor auf der anderen Seite. ...
The digitalisation of communication started as early as the 1980s. With the rise of the internet in the mid-90s the digitalisation process intensified; then it took on another dimension with the spread of social media and smartphones in the mid noughties. These new technologies are providing new possibilities that are unveiling, or rather, strengthening societal trends. What’s more, traditional forms of organisation are also being transformed at breakneck speed. This publication provides an overview of both developments: On the one hand we have societal developments such as the blurring of boundaries between real and digital worlds, constant connectivity, fake news, and social media outrage. On the other, we have the effects on traditional media, the workplace, schools, non-governmental organisations and sports. ...
The marginalization of the hijra identity in postcolonial Pakistan perpetuates the inequalities that have dogged the transgender community since the colonial era. Although Pakistan has since ratified all concerned UN treaties aimed at protecting transgender people and preventing human rights violations against them, the country’s gender-variant population nevertheless remains vulnerable to these transgressions. As such, this study aims to explore the following inquiry: “What are the lifeways of the hijra community and how do hijra people face human rights violations in their daily life activities?”
The identity construction of the hijra is a complex process. Pakistan is a patriarchal society that determines gender based on biological sex. While a genitally ambiguous child is generally recognized as intersexed, the family usually obscures this circumstance or tries to enforce a predominantly male identity onto the child. To some degree, an intersexed child is allowed to perform feminine roles, particularly when compared to a biologically male individual who is inclined toward femininity. They may partake in “girls’ games” or in “women’s chores” like cooking; they may opt to don feminine clothing and jewelry or practice walking and talking “like a girl.” Many family members and relatives consider such actions a threat to family honor and/or an indication of weakness, which in turn renders the child vulnerable to sexual or physical assault. Abuse also causes some gender-variant children to drop out of school. As adults, many hijras do not see childhood sexual encounters as assault, particularly because they considered themselves to be feminine even from a young age. Nevertheless, experiences of isolation, abuse, and exclusion often compel a gender-variant child to seek company outside of his/her family of orientation.
Many transgender individuals see redemption in joining the hijra community: there, a new identity is defined and shaped. New members mirror themselves after more senior hijras. In the community, relationships are solidified through similar childhood experiences and interests as well as a shared freedom to express the outer reflection of an “inner feminine soul.” Here, they accept the childhood label affixed to them by heteronormative society: hijra. In fact, the identity now becomes the key to economic viability and socialization.
The predominant livelihood strategies within the hijra community are dancing and prostitution. New members must adhere to stringent norms and rules; they risk (sometimes severe) punishment if they do not. For example, a new hijra must adopt a very strict feminine appearance; if she does not appear feminine enough she may be socially isolated or physically punished. Similarly, a hijra is required to remain passive during sex. In fact, because hijras are stereotyped as passive and vulnerable, many clients physically exploit or even rape them. If she tries to resist, a hijra may face physical violence and, in extreme circumstances, death. Reporting abuse to law enforcement authorities often leads to further exploitation. As such, whether dancing or performing sexually, hijras are encouraged to do whatever is asked of them.
In the last decade, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has taken significant steps to ensure the rights of transgender people. The Court has similarly compelled local governments to amend existing legislation in order to protect the transgender community. Nevertheless, discrepancies exist in legislative and judicial interpretations of the transgender identity, which continues to impede the struggle for basic rights. Indeed, there is a long way to go in the effort to incorporate transgender people into the folds of mainstream Pakistani society.
Über den Abfall des Menschen
(2019)
Die historisch gewachsene Relevanz des Abfallproblems kulminiert in jüngsten theoretischen Versuchen, die Kultur als Ganzes vom Müll her in den Blick zu nehmen. Damit wird ausbuchstabiert, worauf Begriffe wie 'Wegwerfgesellschaft' hindeuten: dass Müll nicht nur als Anderes oder Rest der Produktion zu denken ist, sondern in einem viel grundlegenderen Zusammenhang mit dieser steht. Eine bis heute relevante Pionierarbeit zum Müll ist Michael Thompsons "Rubbish Theory". Am Beispiel von Seidenbildern aus dem 19. Jahrhundert zeigt er, wie einstmals Wertloses zur Antiquität wurde und welche sozialen Distinktionen mit der Deklaration einer Sache als Abfall verbunden sind. In seiner Spur lesen neuere soziologische Studien am Müllaufkommen den sozialen Status der 'Entsorger' ab: Zeige ihnen deinen Müll, und sie sagen dir, wer du bist. Reich sein heißt auch, etwas wegzuwerfen haben, und was den einen Müll, ist andern Lebensmittel. Nach Thompson ist klar geworden, dass etwas zu Müll nicht allein aufgrund seiner intrinsischen Eigenschaften wird. Eine spezielle Aufgabe der Kulturwissenschaften liegt daher in der Untersuchung der kulturellen und sozialen Codierung von Müll und des historischen Wandels objektbezogener Wertzuschreibungen.
Droughts threaten millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to famines, water shortages, migration and casualties. Climate change will most probably exacerbate the devastating consequences as exceptional droughts are expected to occur more frequently. Conventional drought risk assessments however, do not provide adequate tools, as they often limit their focus to environmental parameters, ignoring social vulnerabilities. Integrated strategies are required to carry out holistic drought risk assessments that serve to find adapted technological and institutional solutions to ensure water and food security. This will contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals 1 “No Poverty”, 2 “Zero Hunger” and 6 “Clean Water and Sanitation”.
After the First Wald War, the community of Transyvanian Saxons found itself in a new political context. This study analyses cultural representations as both self-identification and cultural dialogue in two of the main publications in German language of the early inter-war period, the cultural journals Ostland and Klingsor. Literary translations and the representation of other literatures through the selection of authors and texts are also subjects of this study.