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This Handbook presents established and innovative perspectives on involving older adults as co-creators in ageing research. It reorients research and policy toward more inclusive and adequate designs that capture the voices and needs of older adults.
The Handbook:
•introduces types of participatory approaches in ageing research;
•highlights key methodological aspects of these approaches;
•gives insights from projects across different cultural contexts and academic disciplines, showing ways in which older participants can be involved in co-designing different stages of the research cycle;
•examines key issues to consider when involving older participants at each step of the research process;
•includes the voices of older adults directly;
•draws out conclusions and points ways forward for future research.
This Handbook will be essential reading for researchers and students interested in the field of ageing and/or participatory methods, as well as for those policy stakeholders in the fields of ageing and demographic change, social and public policy, or health and wellbeing who are interested in involving older adults in policy processes. It will be useful for third-sector advocacy organizations and international non-governmental and public agencies working either in citizen involvement/participation or the ageing sector.
In der Praxis des Nudging wird die Sanftheit der Verhaltensbeeinflussung zum epistemischen Problem: Verhalten soll unbemerkt beeinflusst werden, doch erst durch den Nachweis von Verhaltensänderungen gewinnt das Konzept seine Überzeugungskraft. Tim Seitz untersucht ethnografisch die praktische Herstellung von Nudges. Er rekonstruiert miteinander verwobene Prozesse der Problematisierung, Lösungsentwicklung und Evidenzproduktion und macht deutlich: Nudging muss die Experimentalbedingungen immer erst schaffen, unter denen sich sanft regieren lässt.
The World Health Organization declared the emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020. To trace infection chains, Germany launched its smartphone contact tracing app, the “Corona-Warn-App” (CWA), in June 2020. In order to be successful as a tool for fighting the pandemic, a high adoption rate is required in the population. We analyse the respective factors influencing app adoption based on the health belief model (HBM) with a cross-sectional online study including 1752 participants from Germany. The study was conducted with a certified panel provider from the end of December 2020 to January 2021. This model is primarily known from evaluations of medical treatments, such as breast cancer screenings, but it was rarely applied in prior work for a health-related information system such as the CWA. Our results indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to use the CWA are the strongest drivers of app use. In contrast, technical barriers, privacy concerns and lower income are the main inhibitors. Our findings contribute to the literature on the adoption of contact tracing apps by questioning actual users and non-users of the CWA, and we provide valuable insights for policymakers regarding influences of adoption and potential user groups of disease prevention technologies in times of pandemics.
Background: The German Corona-Warn-App (CWA) is a contact tracing app to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. As of today, it has been downloaded approximately 45 million times.
Objective: In this study, we investigate the influence of (non-)users' social environments on the usage of the CWA during two time periods with relatively lower death rates and higher death rates caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal survey study in Germany with 833 participants in two waves to investigate how participants perceive their peer-groups opinion about making use of the German CWA to mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we asked whether this perceived opinion, in turn, influences the participants with respect to their own decision to use the CWA. We analyzed these questions with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). And with two-related-samples tests to test for differences between users of the CWA and non-users and between the two points in time (wave 1 with the highest death rates observable during the pandemic in Germany versus wave 2 with significantly lower death rates). Results: Participants perceive that peer-groups have a positive opinion towards using the CWA, with more positive opinions by the media, family doctors, politicians and virologists/RKI and a lower, only slightly negative opinion originating from social
media. Users of the CWA perceive their peer groups’ opinions about using the app as more positive than non-users do. Furthermore, the perceived positive opinion of the media and politicians is significantly lower in wave 2 compared to wave 1. The perceived opinion of friends and family as well as their perceived influence towards using the CWA is significantly higher in the latter period compared to wave 1. The influence of virologists (in Germany primarily communicated via the Robert Koch Institute) has the highest positive effect on using the CWA. We only find one decreasing effect of the influence of politicians.
Conclusions: Opinions of peer groups play an important role when it comes to the adoption of the CWA. Our results show that the influence of Virologists / Robert Koch Institute and family/friends exerts the strongest effect on participants decision to use the CWA while politicians had a slightly negative influence. Our results indicate that it is crucial to accompany the introduction of such a contact tracing app with explanations and a media campaign to support its adoption which is backed up by political decision-makers subject-matter experts.
Background: The German Corona-Warn-App (CWA) is a contact tracing app to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. As of today, it has been downloaded approximately 45 million times.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of (non)users’ social environments on the usage of the CWA during 2 periods with relatively lower death rates and higher death rates caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal survey study in Germany with 833 participants in 2 waves to investigate how participants perceive their peer groups’ opinion about making use of the German CWA to mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we asked whether this perceived opinion, in turn, influences the participants with respect to their own decision to use the CWA. We analyzed these questions with generalized estimating equations. Further, 2 related sample tests were performed to test for differences between users of the CWA and nonusers and between the 2 points in time (wave 1 with the highest death rates observable during the pandemic in Germany versus wave 2 with significantly lower death rates).
Results: Participants perceived that peer groups have a positive opinion toward using the CWA, with more positive opinions by the media, family doctors, politicians, and virologists/Robert Koch Institute and a lower, only slightly negative opinion originating from social media. Users of the CWA perceived their peer groups’ opinions about using the app as more positive than nonusers do. Furthermore, the perceived positive opinion of the media (P=.001) and politicians (P<.001) was significantly lower in wave 2 compared with that in wave 1. The perceived opinion of friends and family (P<.001) as well as their perceived influence (P=.02) among nonusers toward using the CWA was significantly higher in the latter period compared with that in wave 1. The influence of virologists (in Germany primarily communicated via the Robert Koch Institute) had the highest positive effect on using the CWA (B=0.363, P<.001). We only found 1 decreasing effect of the influence of politicians (B=–0.098, P=.04).
Conclusions: Opinions of peer groups play an important role when it comes to the adoption of the CWA. Our results show that the influence of virologists/Robert Koch Institute and family/friends exerts the strongest effect on participants’ decisions to use the CWA while politicians had a slightly negative influence. Our results also indicate that it is crucial to accompany the introduction of such a contact tracing app with explanations and a media campaign to support its adoption that is backed up by political decision makers and subject matter experts.
Kein Sommermärchen
(2024)
Im Rahmen des BMBF-finanzierten Projekts „NaMoLi 2“ fand 2023 die dritte Befragungswelle der Bewohnenden der Lincoln-Siedlung in Darmstadt statt. Sie zeichnet sich durch die zusätzlich durchgeführte Befragung einer Vergleichsgruppe aus. Diese besteht aus Personen, die innerhalb der letzten sechs Jahre in einen anderen innenstadtnahen Darmstädter Stadtteil gezogen sind. Folglich erlaubt das Design die längsschnittartige Analyse von Veränderungen im Mobilitätsverhalten von Bewohnenden der Lincoln-Siedlung, als auch den Vergleich mit der Mobilität von Bewohnenden konventioneller Stadtviertel. Im Rahmen der Befragung in Lincoln wurden 2.114 Fragebögen verteilt und im Rahmen der Vergleichsgruppe 2.649 postalisch versendet. Aus der Lincoln-Siedlung wurden n = 293 gültige Rücksendungen erhalten, was einer Rücklaufquote von 13,9 % entspricht. Der Rücklauf der Vergleichsbefragung belief sich auf n = 659 gültige Fragebögen mit einer Rücklaufquote von 24,9 %.
Dieser Bericht stellt die Methodik der dritten Befragungswelle dar. Dazu wird zunächst das Panel-Design der Erhebung in Lincoln dargestellt, mit dem die Befragung an bisher in der Siedlung durchgeführte Erhebungen anschließt. Anschließend werden die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen dem in Lincoln verwendeten Fragebogen und jenem zur Erhebung in der Vergleichsgruppe erläutert. Es folgen die Darstellung des Vorgehens bei der Verteilung bzw. Versendung der Fragebögen in beiden Befragungsgruppen. Anschließend wird der Umgang mit dem Rücklauf dargestellt, bevor soziodemographische Parameter beider Stichproben auf Repräsentativität geprüft werden.
ISOE-Newsletter Nr. 4/2024
(2024)
„Das ist eine Mammutaufgabe“ – ISOE-Experte Thomas Friedrich über den Stand der Klimaanpassung in Kommunen +++ „Der Biodiversitätsverlust nimmt auf zögerliche politische Prozesse keine Rücksicht“ – ISOE-Forscherin Marion Mehring im Interview +++ Neuartiger landwirtschaftlicher Anbau mit aufbereitetem Wasser: Erstes Reallabor in Betrieb +++ Lösungen für die nachhaltige Wasserversorgung in boomenden Urlaubsregionen +++ Wie kann eine Trendwende zum Schutz der Artenvielfalt erreicht werden? Neues Analysetool gibt Antworten +++ Aktuelle Beiträge im ISOE Blog +++ Aus dem ISOE +++ Das ISOE in den Medien +++ Termine +++ Publikationen
This paper empirically examines differences in how 50-year-olds imagine their future. It draws on answers to an open-ended survey question in a large British cohort study—the National Child Development Study. Over 6,700 written responses about respondents’ imagined future are examined using text mining methods. Results from a relative frequency analysis and a topic model reveal differences according to gender, occupational class, and educational qualification. The cohort members’ written texts reflect different lifestyles. Men are more likely to mention sport, like golf and football, whereas women are more prone to use words related to family and friends. Respondents with a degree are more likely to write about cultural activities, such as museum or theater visits. Overall, the findings reveal gendered and socially stratified patterns in individual future perceptions, contextualized in relation to leisure, health, and family.
Die ethnografische Feldstudie untersucht die Lebenswege von jungen muslimischen Männern, die in einer armutsbetroffenen und stigmatisierten Hochhaussiedlung in der urbanen Peripherie aufwachsen. Sie vergleicht die Lebenswege derjenigen, die ein Hochschulstudium aufnehmen (college boys) mit der Gruppe derjenigen, die sich in der informellen Ökonomie der 'Straße' mit dem Drogenhandel als wichtigstem Zweig betätigen (corner boys). Die Lebensverläufe der jungen Männer, deren Familien meist im Zuge der Anwerbemigration ab den 1960er Jahren aus Marokko oder aus der Türkei eingewandert sind, werden anhand der Lebensverlaufstheorie (life course theory) von Glen Elder und Janet Giele erklärt. Die ethnografischen Beschreibungen werden methodisch um biografische Interviews mit college boys und corner boys und um Expertinneninterviews mit Fachleuten aus Organisationen wie Kitas, Schulen oder einer Moschee ergänzt. Die ethnografischen Beobachtungen werden auch ins Verhältnis zu Befunden aus der interdisziplinären sozialwissenschaftlichen Literatur gesetzt, die wiederum mit den in der Studie erhobenen und sehr persönlichen Lebensgeschichten von corner boys und college boys kombiniert werden. Der Forscher hatte während der Feldarbeit eine Doppelrolle, da er nicht nur als Ethnograf tätig war, sondern auch für die Stadt als Streetworker bzw. Sozialarbeiter in der Hochhaussiedlung beschäftigt war. Insofern gibt die Feldstudie auch einen Einblick in die staatlichen Unterstützungssysteme der Sozialen Arbeit.
Im Ergebnis entsteht die Geschichte eines sozialräumlich segregierten Milieus seit der Migration der Großeltern nach Deutschland. Sowohl für college boys als auch für corner boys dient die harte Lohnarbeit ihrer Eltern und Großeltern als negative Kontrastfolie. College boys streben nach beruflichem Erfolg und Anerkennung durch Bildungsabschlüsse. Corner boys hingegen leisten Widerstand gegen die Arbeitsethik und andere dominante Normen und wenden sich von der Lohnarbeit im Allgemeinen ab. In den Lebensverläufen von college boys wirken bestimmte Schutzfaktoren, die ihnen einen Bildungsaufstieg trotz armutsgeprägter Lebensverhältnisse ermöglichen. Zu diesen Schutzfaktoren zählen ein stabiler Familienkontext mit engen Bindungen, die Organisation eines strukturierten Alltags in Kindheit und Jugend mit Aktivitäten wie Nachhilfe und Sportvereinen und der praktizierte Islam mit seiner engen Verbindung von Glaube, Bildung und Abstinenz.
Durch die Arbeit entsteht ein Perspektivwechsel auf Hochhaussiedlungen der untersuchten Art. Statt der üblichen symbolischen Abwertung erscheinen sie durch die beschriebenen intergenerationalen Bildungsaufstiege als Orte mit besonders hoher sozialer Mobilität. Auf der anderen Seite wird mit den corner boys aber auch eine Gruppe beschrieben, in der sich Prekarität aufgrund von Ausgrenzungserfahrungen und einer anschließenden Resignation verfestigt hat. Die college boys bekommen Raum zur Entfaltung, während die corner boys metaphorisch gesprochen im Raum der Hochhaussiedlung gefangen bleiben. Die Faktoren, die diesen Unterschied erklären, werden in der Arbeit beleuchtet.
The purpose of this study was to investigate which social groups are perceived as a threat target and which are perceived as a threat source during the COVID-19 outbreak. In a German sample (N = 1454) we examined perceptions of social groups ranging from those that are psychologically close and smaller (family, friends, neighbors) to those that are more distal and larger (people living in Germany, humankind). We hypothesized that psychologically closer groups would be perceived as less affected by COVID-19 as well as less threatening than more psychologically distal groups. Based on social identity theorizing, we also hypothesized that stronger identification with humankind would change these patterns. Furthermore, we explored how these threat perceptions relate to adherence to COVID-19 health guidelines. In line with our hypotheses, latent random-slope modelling revealed that psychologically distal and larger groups were perceived as more affected by COVID-19 and as more threatening than psychologically closer and smaller groups. Including identification with humankind as a predictor into the threat target model resulted in a steeper increase in threat target perception patterns, whereas identification with humankind did not predict differences in threat source perceptions. Additionally, an increase in threat source perceptions across social groups was associated with more adherence to health guidelines, whereas an increase in threat target perceptions was not. We fully replicated these findings in a subgroup from the original sample (N = 989) four weeks later. We argue that societal recovery from this and other crises will be supported by an inclusive approach informed by a sense of our common identity as human beings.
Animal agriculture is responsible for at least 16.5% of global yearly CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) emissions (Twine 2021: 3) and thus partially causal for the corresponding climate change, and its disastrous consequences for millions (Romanello et al. 2023: 1-2). At the same time, animal agriculture restricts and damages the bodily autonomy of animals regularly (Hampton et al. 2021: 28) which could be unethical depending on the underlying ethical theory. The policy option of veganism by law is, nevertheless, rarely considered. The definitions of veganism range from an individual ethic of the abstention from consuming animal products to a political philosophy calling for the abolition of animal agriculture (Mancilla 2016: 1-3). Because veganism through the cessation of animal agriculture could be the policy solution to the aforementioned issues concerning the rights of present and future generations affected by climate change and the rights of animals, I explore arguments for and against the implementation of veganism by law.
Although a veganized agriculture would provide 52% of the required emission reductions for the 2°C target of the Paris climate accord (Eisen and Brown 2022: 6), and could allow for greater animal welfare, current policies of many governments promote the opposite. For example, 82% of the subsidies of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy are routed towards the production of animal products and animal feed (Kortleve et al. 2024: 1-2). Moreover, for American adults the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2020: 96) promotes the consumption of 720ml of cow milk or other dairy per day and recommends a protein intake through meat and eggs between 652 g and 936 g per week.
In this bachelor thesis I outline the current state of animal agriculture, its emissions and the associated harm towards animals and humans. The empirical findings are dissected ethically with a consequentialist approach and a deontological approach. The ethical analysis concerning the decisions of individuals is then converted into a political philosophy regarding the duties of states towards present and future generations and animals including corresponding policy implications.
The normative argument is mainly based on the example of industrialized animal agricul-ture, the area where most of the interaction between animals and humans occurs. Nevertheless, other sectors where animals are used for human consumption or entertainment are discussed in less detail, in order to analyze the arguments for veganism by law.
In short, using the recommended political argument structure of Abel et al. (2021: 6) the following hypothesis acts as the basis for the political and philosophical discussion and is revised where necessary:
Moral claims: The state should protect present and future generations and animal rights.
Empirical claims: Animal agriculture is a major contributor to climate change and its corresponding effects and violates the wellbeing of animals regularly.
Conclusion: The state should enforce veganism by law.
How can older adults participate equally in digitisation processes across Europe, and what inclusive research strategies are needed? This Zine summarizes findings from a “Research Innovation Lab on Ageing in a Digital Age”, funded by the VolkswagenStiftung, aiming to bring together 29 docs and postdocs anchored in 26 different disciplines coming from 11 countries, at all stages of their work, to address cutting edge questions relating to ageing in a digital age. Five groups worked together over five days in Frankfurt, Germany, in July 2023 in a creative and interactive hackathon, specific to developing non-technical solutions to social issues of this topic. Moreover, four distinguished experts presented keynote speeches and proposals from various conceptual, methodological and empirical perspectives.
Das partizipative Forschungsprojekt "Allein aber vernetzt? Digitale (Un)gleichheiten und soziale Netzwerke bei alleinlebenden Menschen" beschäftigte sich von 2021-2024 mit Alleinlebenden im Alter, ihren Beziehungsnetzwerken und der Frage welche Rolle digitale Geräte und die Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit einer Gruppe von Ko-Forschenden in Frankfurt und Egelsbach stand die Perspektive der Gruppe im Mittelpunkt.
Im vorliegenden White Paper wird das Projekt sowie zentrale Ergebnisse und die erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen der deutschen Teilstudie vorgestellt. Diese wurde vom BMBF gefördert und ist Teil des europäischen Verbundprojektes "EQualCare - Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone" der Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) “More Years Better Lives”.