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Das House of Finance hat im Sommer 2008 sein Gebäude bezogen. Unter seinem Dach führt das House of Finance drei Abteilungen aus den Fachbereichen Rechtswissenschaft und Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Goethe-Universität sowie sechs rechtlich selbstständige Institute – darunter auch das E-Finance Lab - zusammen. Neben den traditionellen Aufgaben in der Forschung und Lehre verfolgt das House of Finance das Vorhaben, die Ergebnisse der Forschung für die Praxis und auch für den Finanzplatz Deutschland nutzbar zu machen. Als ein Element dieses Wissenstransfers veröffentlicht das House of Finance die „Newsletter“. Der „Newsletter“ gibt Auskunft über - drei aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, - die Entwicklungen in der Executive Education, - die neuesten Veröffentlichungen der im House of Finance ansässigen Wissenschaftler, - den Veranstaltungskalender. Der Newsletter umfasst jeweils 16 Seiten und erscheint vierteljährlich in englischer Sprache.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob der Mehrheitsaktionär einer Gesellschaft im Vorfeld eines Zwangsausschlusses von Minderheitsaktionären (sog. Squeeze-Out) versucht, die Kapitalmarkterwartungen negativ zu beeinflussen. Ein solches "manipulatives" Verhalten wird häufig in der juristischen wie betriebswirtschaftlichen Literatur unterstellt, da der Aktienkurs fü die Abfindungshöhe die Wertuntergrenze bildet. Unsere empirische Untersuchung der Bilanz- und Pressemitteilungspolitik von Squeeze-Out-Unternehmen im Vorfeld der Ankündigung einer solchen Maßnahme am deutschen Kapitalmarkt zeigt, dass in diesem Zeitraum tatsächlich ein signifikanter Anstieg (Rückgang) der im Ton pessimistischen (optimistischen) Pressemitteilungen feststellbar ist. Allerdings zeigt sich weiter, dass die Aktien der Squeeze-Out-Kandidaten bereits im Vorfeld und am Tag der Ankündigung so hohe positive Überrenditen erzielen, dass der von uns quantifizierte kumulierte Effekt der Informationspolitik auf die Börsenbewertung einen insgesamt nur sehr geringen Einfluss ausübt und von anderen Faktoren (z.B. Abfindungsspekulationen) dominiert wird. JEL: M41, M40, G14, K22
Tagungsbericht des Workshops "Völkerrecht und Weltwirtschaft im 19. Jahrhundert. Die Internationalisierung der Ökonomie aus völkerrechts- und wirtschafts(theorie-)geschichtlicher Perspektive", der vom 3. bis 4. September 2009 in Frankfurt am Main stattfand. Veranstalter: Exzellenzcluster "Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen"; in Kooperation mit der Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main; dem Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte
Im Forschungsgebiet des Wissensmanagements ist der Teilbereich des Wissenstransfers von großer Bedeutung, jedoch gleichzeitig auch mit vielen Problemen verbunden, die es auf dem Weg zu einem erfolgreichen Wissenstransfer zu identifizieren und zu lösen gilt. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Ordnungsrahmen vor, mit dessen Hilfe ein detailliertes Gesamtbild des Wissenstransfers innerhalb einer beliebigen Organisation erstellt werden kann. Der Ordnungsrahmen bildet Rollen, Objekte und Handlungen des Wissenstransfers ab und setzt diese miteinander in Beziehung. Diesen Konstrukten des Ordnungsrahmens sind potentielle Probleme zugeordnet, die im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche identifiziert werden und die einen reibungslosen Ablauf des Wissenstransfers innerhalb von Organisationen behindern können. Eine für den Ordnungsrahmen entwickelte Handlungsanleitung beschreibt, wie dieser als Basis für die konkrete Untersuchung der aktuellen Situation des Wissenstransfers in Organisationen eingesetzt werden kann. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit wird anhand von mehreren Praxisfällen gezeigt, dass der Ordnungsrahmen mit Hilfe der Handlungsanleitung dazu eingesetzt werden kann, den Ist-Zustand des Wissenstransfers in Organisationen zu erheben sowie vorhandene Probleme im Wissenstransfer aufzudecken. Das Vorgehen der Forschung ist an den Grundsätzen des Design Science ausgerichtet. Der Beitrag zur Forschung als Ergebnis des Design Science-Prozesses ist der Ordnungsrahmen, dessen Validität und Relevanz anhand mehrerer Kriterien gezeigt wird.
Trotz der Potenziale, die der Einsatz von E-Learning-Angeboten in der Hochschullehre bietet, werden diese häufig noch immer in Eigeninitiative einiger weniger Lehrender eingesetzt, so dass es zu keiner flächendeckenden Bereitstellung der Angebote kommt. Die Erkenntnisse zahlreicher Förderprojekte gingen auf diese Weise in der Vergangenheit verloren. Der Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit von E-Learning-Angeboten spielt daher in der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Diskussion eine zentrale Rolle. Nur wenn die Nachhaltigkeit des Einsatzes der E-Learning-Angebote sichergestellt werden kann, werden sich diese auf Dauer etablieren können. Darüber hinaus stellt die nicht hierarchische Organisationsstruktur deutscher Hochschulen für die Implementierung von E-Learning-Angeboten eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In der Arbeit werden Faktoren ermittelt, die eine nachhaltige Implementierung der E-Learning-Angebote in nicht hierarchisch strukturierten Organisationen fördern. Hierzu werden durch eine Literaturrecherche die allgemein diskutierten Erfolgsfaktoren der Implementierung von E-Learning-Angeboten identifiziert und dargestellt. Ein zentraler Erfolgsfaktor wird anschließend sowohl theoriebasiert als auch empirisch analysiert. Während die theoriebasierte Analyse auf sprachkritische und managementkybernetische Grundlagen zurückgreift, wird zur empirischen Analyse eine Multiple Case Study an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main durchgeführt. Alle drei Ansätze untermauern die besondere Bedeutung dieses Erfolgsfaktors in nicht hierarchischen Organisationen. Mit diesen Ergebnissen können für zukünftige E-Learning-Initiativen Handlungsempfehlungen abgegeben werden, die einen nachhaltigen Einsatz der E-Learning-Angebote unterstützen.
Recent empirical research suggests that measures of investor sentiment have predictive power for future stock returns at intermediate and long horizons. Given that sentiment indicators are widely published, smart investors should exploit the information conveyed by the indicator and thus trigger an immediate market response to the publication of the sentiment indicator. The present paper is the first to empirically analyze whether this immediate response can be identified in the data. We use survey-based sentiment indicators from two countries (Germany and the US). Consistent with previous research we find predictability at intermediate horizons. However, the predictability in the US largely disappears after 1994. Using event study methodology we find that the publication of sentiment indicators affects market returns. The sign of this immediate response is the same as the sign of the intermediate horizon predictability. This is consistent with sentiment being related to mispricing but is inconsistent with the sentiment indicator providing information about future expected returns.
JEL-Classification: G12, G14
CURRENTLY THE REALIZATION OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA) IMPLEMENTATION IN THE GERMAN BANKING INDUSTRY VARIES, WHEREAS SOME ARE IN THE ADOPTION PHASE AND SOME ARE ALREADY IN THE SOA OPERATION PHASE. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON SPECIFIC IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING THE SOA READINESS AND THE SOA MATURITY OF GERMAN BANKS AS WELL AS THE ROLE OF SOA IN THE CONTEXT OF M&A SCENARIOS.
This article shows that investors financing a portfolio of projects may use the depth of their financial pockets to overcome entrepreneurial incentive problems. Competition for scarce informed capital at the refinancing stage strengthens investors’ bargaining positions. And yet, entrepreneurs’ incentives may be improved, because projects funded by investors with ‘‘shallow pockets’’ must have not only a positive net present value at the refinancing stage, but one that is higher than that of competing portfolio projects. Our article may help understand provisions used in venture capital finance that limit a fund’s initial capital and make it difficult to add more capital once the initial venture capital fund is raised. (JEL G24, G31)
This paper shows that active investors, such as venture capitalists, can affect the speed at which new ventures grow. In the absence of product market competition, new ventures financed by active investors grow faster initially, though in the long run those financed by passive investors are able to catch up. By contrast, in a competitive product market, new ventures financed by active investors may prey on rivals that are financed by passive investors by “strategically overinvesting” early on, resulting in long-run differences in investment, profits, and firm growth. The value of active investors is greater in highly competitive industries as well as in industries with learning curves, economies of scope, and network effects, as is typical for many “new economy” industries. For such industries, our model predicts that start-ups with access to venture capital may dominate their industry peers in the long run. JEL Classifications: G24; G32 Keywords: Venture capital; dynamic investment; product market competition
We study a model of “information-based entrenchment” in which the CEO has private information that the board needs to make an efficient replacement decision. Eliciting the CEO’s private information is costly, as it implies that the board must pay the CEO both higher severance pay and higher on-the-job pay. While higher CEO pay is associated with higher turnover in our model, there is too little turnover in equilibrium. Our model makes novel empirical predictions relating CEO turnover, severance pay, and on-the-job pay to firm-level attributes such as size, corporate governance, and the quality of the firm’s accounting system.
This paper argues that banks must be sufficiently levered to have first-best incentives to make new risky loans. This result, which is at odds with the notion that leverage invariably leads to excessive risk taking, derives from two key premises that focus squarely on the role of banks as informed lenders. First, banks finance projects that they do not own, which implies that they cannot extract all the profits. Second, banks conduct a credit risk analysis before making new loans. Our model may help understand why banks take on additional unsecured debt, such as unsecured deposits and subordinated loans, over and above their existing deposit base. It may also help understand why banks and finance companies have similar leverage ratios, even though the latter are not deposit takers and hence not subject to the same regulatory capital requirements as banks.
Opting out of the great inflation: German monetary policy after the break down of Bretton Woods
(2009)
During the turbulent 1970s and 1980s the Bundesbank established an outstanding reputation in the world of central banking. Germany achieved a high degree of domestic stability and provided safe haven for investors in times of turmoil in the international financial system. Eventually the Bundesbank provided the role model for the European Central Bank. Hence, we examine an episode of lasting importance in European monetary history. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how the Bundesbank monetary policy strategy contributed to this success. We analyze the strategy as it was conceived, communicated and refined by the Bundesbank itself. We propose a theoretical framework (following Söderström, 2005) where monetary targeting is interpreted, first and foremost, as a commitment device. In our setting, a monetary target helps anchoring inflation and inflation expectations. We derive an interest rate rule and show empirically that it approximates the way the Bundesbank conducted monetary policy over the period 1975-1998. We compare the Bundesbank´s monetary policy rule with those of the FED and of the Bank of England. We find that the Bundesbank´s policy reaction function was characterized by strong persistence of policy rates as well as a strong response to deviations of inflation from target and to the activity growth gap. In contrast, the response to the level of the output gap was not significant. In our empirical analysis we use real-time data, as available to policy-makers at the time. JEL Classification: E31, E32, E41, E52, E58
The risk of deflation
(2009)
This paper was prepared for the meeting on Financial Regulation and Macroeconomic Stability: Key issues for the G20, organised by the CEPR and the Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee, London, 31 January 2009. Introduction: The onset of financial instability in August 2007, which quickly spread across the world, raises a number of questions for policy makers. First, what are the roots of the crisis? Many factors have been emphasized in the debate, including the opacity of complex financial products; the excessive confidence in ratings; weak risk management by financial institutions; massive reliance on wholesale funding; and the presumption that markets would always be liquid. Furthermore, poorly understood incentive effects – arising from the originate-to-distribute-model, remuneration policies and the period of low interest rates – are also widely seen as having played a role. Second, how can a repetition of the crisis can be avoided? Much attention is being focused on regulation and supervision of financial intermediaries. The G-20, at its summit in November 2008, noted that measures need to be taken in five areas: (i) financial market transparency and disclosure by firms need to be strengthened; (ii) regulation needs to be enhanced to ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate; (iii) the integrity of financial markets should be improved by bolstering investor and consumer protection, avoiding conflicts of interest, and by promoting information sharing; (iv) international cooperation among regulators must be enhanced; and (v) international financial institutions must be reformed to reflect changing economic weights in the world economy better in order to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of these institutions. Third, how can the consequences for economic activity be minimized? Many of the adverse developments in financial markets – in particular the collapse of term interbank markets – reflect deeply entrenched perceptions of counterparty risk. Prompt and far-reaching action to support the financial system, in particular the infusion of equity capital in financial institutions to reduce counter-party risk and get credit to flow again, is essential in order to restore market functioning. A particular risk at present is that the rapid decline in inflation in many countries in recent months will turn into deflation with highly adverse real economic developments. This background paper considers how large the risk of deflation may be and discusses what policy can do to reduce it. It is organized as follows. Section 2 defines deflation and discusses downward nominal wage rigidities and the zero lower bound on interest rates. While these factors are frequently seen as two reasons why deflation can be associated with very poor economic outcomes, they should not be overemphasized. Section 3 looks at the current situation. Inflation expectations and forecasts in the subset of economies we look at (the euro area, the UK and the US) are positive, indicating that deflation is not expected. This does not imply that the current concerns of deflation are unwarranted, only that the public expects the central bank to be successful in avoiding deflation. The section also looks at the evolution of headline and “core” inflation, focusing on data from the US and the euro area. Section 4 reviews how monetary and fiscal policy can be conducted to ensure that deflation is avoided. Section 5 briefly discusses special issues arising in emerging market economies. Finally, Section 6 offers some conclusions. An Appendix discusses deflation episodes in the period 1882-1939.
This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first two chapters investigate the real effects of inflation and the third chapter the role of child care for fertility and female female labor supply. Chapter 1 introduces a generalized panel threshold model to analyze the relation between inflation and economic growth for a sample of developing countries. It is demonstrated that allowing for regime intercepts can be crucial for obtaining unbiased estimates of both, inflation thresholds and its marginal effects on growth in the various regimes. The empirical results confirm that the omitted variable bias of standard panel threshold models can be statistically and economically significant. Chapter 2, which is joined work with Dieter Nautz, investigates the impact of inflation on relative price variability (RPV) as a further important channel of the real effects of inflation. With a view to the recent debate on the Fed's implicit lower and upper bounds of its inflation objective, the econometric model introduced in Chapter 1 is used to explore the inflation-RPV linkage in U.S. cities. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between fertility, female labor supply and child care in the context of a life cycle model for Germany. A particular emphasis is placed on the differences between West and East Germany. Counterfactual policy experiments mimicking recent policy reforms on maternal leave and the provision of subsidized child care are conducted with a structurally estimated version of the model.