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This paper expands on the concept of legal machine which was presented first at IRIS 2011 in Salzburg. The research subjects are (1) the creation of institutional facts by machines, and (2)
multimodal communication of legal content to humans. Simple examples are traffic lights and vending machines. Complicated examples are computer-based information systems in organisations, form proceedings workflows, and machines which replace officials in organisations. The actions performed by machines have legal importance and draw legal consequences. Machines similarly as humans can be imposed status-functions of legal actors. The analogy of machines with humans is in the focus of this paper. Legal content can be communicated by machines and can be perceived by all of our senses. The content can be expressed in multimodal languages: textual, visual, acoustic, gestures, aircraft manoeuvres, etc. The concept of encapsulatation of human into machine is proposed. Herein humanintended actions are communicated through the machine’s output channel. Encapsulations can be compared with deities and mythical creatures that can send gods’ messages to people through the human mouth. This paper also aims to identify law production patterns by machines.
Lexikalische Merkmale der türkischen Rechtssprache : am Beispiel des neuen Strafgesetzbuches (YTCK)
(2019)
Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Besonderheiten von Rechtstexten in türkischer Sprache am Beispiel des neuen türkischen Strafgesetzbuches (YTCK) zu analysieren. In der Arbeit soll untersucht werden, inwieweit das YTCK vom alten türkischen Strafgesetzbuch von 1926 (ETCK) abweicht. Im Fokus des Forschungsinteresses steht die lexikalische Struktur des YTCK. Diese Studie erfordert einen interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Ansatz, der Rechts- und Sprachwissenschaften integriert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der lexikalischen Analyse der Fachsprache des Rechts.
This article examines whether autonomy as an educational aim should be defended at the global scale. It begins by identifying the normative issues at stake in global autonomy education by distinguishing them from the problems of autonomy education in multicultural nation-states. The article then explains why a planet-wide expansion of the ideal of autonomy is conceivable on the condition that the concept of autonomy is widened in a way that renders its precise meaning flexibly adjustable to a variety of distinct social and cultural contexts. A context-transcendent, core meaning of autonomy remains in place, however, according to which a person is only autonomous if she relates to the values and goals that direct her life in a way so that she sees them as her own and is able to identify and critically assess her principal reasons for action. Finally, the article addresses two challenges to the global expansion of autonomy education: the objection that autonomy is presently not the most important educational aim and the objection that global autonomy education is a form of cultural imperialism. It finds both objections wanting.
This paper explores the context and reasons for the extensive translation of legal texts from German into Romanian in Bukovina during the Habsburg period (1775–1918) and immediately following the unification with the Romanian Kingdom. The Austrian civil code from 1811 was translated in the three important periods of translation, corresponding to the major administrative changes in the province. The paper analyses the different translations and their impact on the Romanian legislation, legal terminology and juridical style.
Deutsche Fassung: Rechtsentfremdungen: Zum gesellschaftlichen Mehrwert des zwölften Kamels. Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 21, 2000, 189-215 und in Gunther Teubner (Hg.) Die Rückgabe des zwölften Kamels: Niklas Luhmann in der Diskussion über Gerechtigkeit. Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart 2000, 189-215. Französische Fassung: Les multiples aliénations du droit : Sur la plus-value sociale du douzième chameau. Droit et Société 47, 2001, 75-100. Polnische Fassung: Sprawiedliwosc alienujaca : O dodatkowej wartosci dwunastego wielblada. Ius et Lex 1, 2002, 109-132. Italienische Fassung: Le molteplici alienazioni del diritto : Sul plusvalore sociale del dodicesimo camello. In: Annamaria Rufino und Gunther Teubner, Il diritto possibile: Funzioni e prospettive del medium giuridico. Guerini, Milano, 2005, 93-130.
Personalized campaign styles are of increasing importance in contemporary election campaigns at all levels of politics. Surprisingly, we know little about their implications for the behavior of successful candidates once they take public office. This paper aims to fill this gap in empirical and theoretical ways. It shows that campaign personalization results in legislative personalization. Legislators that ran personalized campaigns are found to be more likely to deviate in roll call votes and to take independent positions on the floor. These findings result from a novel dataset that matches survey evidence on candidates’ campaign styles in the 2009 German Federal Elections with the legislative behavior of successful candidates in the 17th German Bundestag (2009–2013). Combining data from the campaign and legislative arenas allows us to explore the wider consequences of campaign personalization.
The democratic boundary problem raises the question of who has democratic participation rights in a given polity and why. One possible solution to this problem is the all-affected principle (AAP), according to which a polity ought to enfranchise all persons whose interests are affected by the polity’s decisions in a morally significant way. While AAP offers a plausible principle of democratic enfranchisement, its supporters have so far not paid sufficient attention to economic participation rights. I argue that if one commits oneself to AAP, one must also commit oneself to the view that political participation rights are not necessarily the only, and not necessarily the best, way to protect morally weighty interests. I also argue that economic participation rights raise important worries about democratic accountability, which is why their exercise must be constrained by a number of moral duties.
Die vorzustellende, im Jahr 2000 an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main verteidigte rechtswissenschaftliche Dissertation widmet sich mit der sog. Aufwertungsrechtsprechung des Reichsgerichts im Gefolge des Ersten Weltkrieges einer umfangreichen, sich binnen weniger Jahre entwickelnden komplizierten Rechtsmaterie, die bis dahin als unantastbar geltende Rechtsgrundsätze außer Kraft setzte bzw. umwälzte. Neubewertungen gab es für die „clausula rebus sic stantibus“, die Forderung „pacta sunt servanda“ sowie die Rechtsfiguren von der „wirtschaftlichen Unmöglichkeit“, von der „Unzumutbarkeit der Leistung“ und von „Treu und Glauben“ (S. 14 f.). Damit verbunden waren verfassungsrechtliche Fragen nach dem richterlichen Prüfungsrecht für Gesetze bzw. der Abgrenzung zwischen gesetzgebender und richterlicher Gewalt (S. 95). Scholz stellt sich nun die Aufgabe, diese juristischen Probleme in Zusammenhang zu stellen mit den „Rahmenbedingungen“ (S. 16) der von ihm als „konservativ“ bezeichneten Geldpolitik der Reichsbank sowie der Inflationspolitik der Reichsregierung. Dazu wird im ersten Teil der Arbeit ein zeitlicher Bogen gespannt vom Währungsrecht des deutschen Kaiserreichs über dessen Modifizierungen im Ersten Weltkrieg bis hin zum Ende der deutschen Geld- bzw. Papiermark in der Inflation sowie der Währungsreform Ende 1923/Anfang 1924 mit Renten- und Reichsmark (S. 19-67). ...