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Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are among the most powerful known sources of gravitational waves (GWs). Accordingly, these systems could dominate the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) in the micro- and millihertz frequency range. The time until the merger of two SMBHs in the nucleus of a galaxy can be shortened through dynamical friction due to the presence of dark matter (DM) spikes around the SMBHs. To calculate the orbital evolution of individual SMBHBs within the Newtonian approximation, the SMBHBpy code is developed. This work confirms that the GW signals from SMBHBs with DM spikes can be clearly distinguished from those without any matter. Making use of the upper limit on the characteristic strain of the GWB derived from the data of the Cassini spacecraft mission in 2001/2002, a lower limit on the matter density around SMBHBs is derived in this study. The result is subsequently compared with the theoretical density profiles for cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter spikes.
As part of the research for this thesis, a momentum spectrometer was set up and initial measurements on accelerated ions were performed. For this purpose, the necessary hardware for the operation of the spectrometer and for high-precision measurements was were assembled. A control system for remote operation was developed and the spectrometer was installed at the used beamline.
There, measurements of low-energy ion beams in superposition with electrons confined in a Gabor lens can be carried out.
Investigations were made on both the Gabor lens-generated ions and the beam ions, leading to first results regarding the charge changes of beam ions during propagation through an electron atmosphere.
The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) arises from Quantum Gravity thought experiments and contains a minimal lenght. In this thesis I calculate Schwarzschild Black Holes that are modified by the GUP. These Black Holes have the property, that their temperature does not diverge for small masses, although they still posses a curvature singularity. I calculate analytically that in more than 3+1 dimensions the temperature diverges again.
This work derives the value of the neutron capture cross section of 60Fe at the energy of kT = 25 meV. Iron plays an important role in stellar nucleosynthesis, because it is a seed material for the s-process, a neutron capture process in which the elements between iron and bismuth are synthesized.
To determine the thermal neutron cross section of 60Fe, an iron sample produced in the framework of the ERAWAST1 program at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland was irradiated at the research reactor TRIGA2 at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. Before the irradiation, the number of 60Fe particles in the sample was calculated using the decay scheme of 60Fe. There were (8.207 ± 0:066 stat 0:298 syst) * 10 14 60Fe particles in the sample.
The irradiation of the sample took place in May 2012. The counting of the reaction product, 61Fe, was undertaken using a HPGe detector located in a laboratory at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. Knowing the number of 60Fe particles in the sample, the number of produced 61Fe particles and the neutron flux from the reactor, the thermal neutron capture cross section of ρth60Fe = (0.203 ± 0:021 stat 0:024 syst) b could be determined.
The determination of the thermal neutron capture cross section at the energy of kT = 25 meV constitutes to the first at this energy. There was already a measurement of the neutron capture cross section of 60Fe at the energy of kT = 25 keV in Karlsruhe in Germany. The result of the measurement was 25 keV = (9.9 ± 2:8 syst 1:4 stat) mb and was published in the year 2009 [14].
Adding datapoints for the cross section at different energies improves extarpolation and helps verification of theoretical models for elemental synthesis. For this reason, a measurement of the 60Fe neutron capture cross section at the energy of kT = 90 keV is planned at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.
Having the neutron capture cross section of 60Fe at the energy of kT = 25 keV measured in the year 2009 in Karlsruhe [14], at the energy of kT = 25 meV measured in May 2012 at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz and at the planned energy of kT = 90 keV at Goethe University Frankfurt, there will be three points for the extrapolation of the values for the neutron capture cross section of 60Fe. This will lead to a significant reduction in uncertainty with respect to existing theoretical discrepancies.
The following thesis is the description and the analysis of time resolution measurements of the plastic scintillator protorypes bar with PMT (photomultiplier tube) readout, performed with a 31 MeV electron beam at the HZDR (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf) [1]. Similar bars will be used as building blocks for the NeuLAND detector (new large area neutron detector) - a ToF (time of flight) wall within the R3B setup (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams [2]) at the future FAIR facility (GSI Darmstadt [3]). The superconducting ELBE (electron linear-accellerator for beams of high brilliance and low emittance) was used as an electron source. The scintillation material used was RP408.
Two series of measurements were made within three months. In the first series, three bars of different sizes (200 x 5 x 5 cm3; 200 x 3 x 3 cm3; 300 x 5 x 5 cm3, the latter was made by coupling one 100 cm bar with a 200 cm bar using silicon grease) were used in the experiment consecutively. They had one Hamamatsu R8619 photomultiplier tube with an active diameter of 22 mm attached to each side with silicon grease. A measurement with the 200 x 5 x 5 cm3 bar without silicon grease was also performed.
In the second series, two equal scintillator bars (270 x 5 x 5 cm3 with a 10 cm light guide) on each side were used. Measurements with and without silicon coupling as well as with two different types of PMTs (R8619 and R2059) were executed.
Time and charge signals were processed with the TACQUILA electronic board. The time resolution was measured with the very precise pulsed electron signal of the accelerator. The time resolution measurements resulted in ρ200x5x5 ~ 159 ps; ρ200x5x5,no silicon ~ 162 ps; ρ200x3x3 ~ 153 ps; ρ300x5x5 ~ 204 ps.
For the second date they resulted in ρR8619 ~ 149 ps; ρR8619, no silicon ~ 175 ps; ρR2059 ~ 141 ps.
More tests and analysis is required until the results are definite.
In this thesis we discussed the expansion behaviour of an ultracold bosonic gas from an initial harmonic confinement. We studied the reaction of the non-interacting system to changes of the trap frequency ω and of the strongly interacting system to changes of the number of Mott insulating particles NMI in the initial state and the interaction U/J. The total number of particles is kept constant for the different simulations, which are performed by means of the Bosonic Gutzwiller approach...
The current performance of a 4π barium fluoride gamma detector consisting of 41 modules is evaluated. It will be used to measure neutron capture events in different samples that are exposed to a neutron beam that is expected to contain up to 10^7 neutrons/(cm^2 sec). The capture cross-sections acquired in this experiment will be relevant to a multitude of different areas, for example to s-process studies, or accelerator-driven systems. The detector array was re-mounted after having been moved from Karlsruhe to Frankfurt and in the course of this process, the detector modules have been checked for their current detection properties. Every module consists of a BaF2 crystal, a photomultiplier tube connected to the crystal by sillicon oil and a voltage divider to drive the PMT, so each of them is already an individual gamma detector. Using Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137 test sources the energy resolution and - more importantly - the time resolution of every module has been determined; the results are presented in this work and compared to previous data taken at the time the detector was built initially in the mid-1980s.