540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (986)
- Doctoral Thesis (599)
- Book (22)
- Contribution to a Periodical (16)
- Preprint (12)
- Conference Proceeding (11)
- Report (9)
- Review (5)
- diplomthesis (3)
- Diploma Thesis (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1669)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1669)
Keywords
- crystal structure (39)
- Crystal Structure (24)
- Synthesis (15)
- ESR Spectra (14)
- NMR spectroscopy (14)
- RNA (14)
- hydrogen bonding (11)
- IR Spectra (10)
- NMR (10)
- SARS-CoV-2 (9)
- photochemistry (9)
- Nanopartikel (8)
- PE Spectra (8)
- Proteomics (8)
- DNA (7)
- Organische Synthese (7)
- Phase Diagrams (7)
- X-Ray (7)
- X-Ray Structure Analysis (7)
- Addition Compounds (6)
- Biochemie (6)
- Membranproteine (6)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (6)
- PELDOR (6)
- RNS (6)
- inflammation (6)
- Arzneimittel (5)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (5)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (5)
- ESR/ENDOR Spectra (5)
- Electron Transfer (5)
- Entzündung (5)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (5)
- MNDO Calculations (5)
- Proteomanalyse (5)
- Pyridine (5)
- Silicium (5)
- Silicon (5)
- Solution-state NMR (5)
- X-ray crystallography (5)
- membrane proteins (5)
- oligonucleotides (5)
- solid-state NMR (5)
- structural biology (5)
- 5-lipoxygenase (4)
- Alzheimer-Krankheit (4)
- Biochemistry (4)
- Biophysik (4)
- COVID19-NMR (4)
- Chemiluminescence (4)
- Chemische Synthese (4)
- EPR (4)
- Elektronenspinresonanz (4)
- G-quadruplexes (4)
- HIV (4)
- Kinetics (4)
- MALDI-MS (4)
- MO Calculations (4)
- Mass spectrometry (4)
- Nitroxylradikal (4)
- Oxidativer Stress (4)
- Photosynthese (4)
- Single Crystal Structure (4)
- Single Crystal Structures (4)
- Super-resolution microscopy (4)
- TATD (4)
- Totalreflexionsröntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (4)
- atomic volume (4)
- cancer (4)
- dynamics (4)
- fluorescence (4)
- high pressure (4)
- mass spectrometry (4)
- mitochondria (4)
- photolabile protecting groups (4)
- silicon (4)
- time-resolved spectroscopy (4)
- ABC-Transporter (3)
- Acridine Orange (3)
- Antisense-Oligonucleotide (3)
- Apoptosis (3)
- Bacterial structural biology (3)
- Bioenergetics (3)
- Blut-Hirn-Schranke (3)
- Chemie (3)
- Contact Ion Pairs (3)
- Cyclic Compounds (3)
- Cyclovoltammetry (3)
- DNS (3)
- DNS-Synthese (3)
- FT-IR-Spektroskopie (3)
- Gentherapie (3)
- Halbleiteroberfläche (3)
- Ionenkanal (3)
- Kinases (3)
- Kontamination (3)
- Kraftmikroskopie (3)
- Kristallographie (3)
- LILBID (3)
- Lichtsammelkomplexe (3)
- Lutidine (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Membrane proteins (3)
- Mitochondrium (3)
- Nanotechnologie (3)
- Non-structural protein (3)
- Nucleinsäuren (3)
- Optogenetics (3)
- Organokatalyse (3)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (3)
- Paracoccus denitrificans (3)
- Phase Diagram (3)
- Phospholipide (3)
- Phosphorus (3)
- Phosphorylation (3)
- Photoelectron Spectra (3)
- Photosynthesis (3)
- Proteolyse (3)
- Pyrazine (3)
- Radical Complexes (3)
- Schiff bases (3)
- Schmerz (3)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Solution NMR-spectroscopy (3)
- Streptomyces hydrogenans (3)
- Structural biology (3)
- Substituent Effects (3)
- Tin (3)
- UV/VIS Spectra (3)
- Ubihydrochinon-Cytochrom-c-Reductase (3)
- Virtual Screening (3)
- Weihrauch (3)
- X-ray (3)
- X-ray powder diffraction (3)
- aging (3)
- allostery (3)
- benzoxazines (3)
- click chemistry (3)
- co-crystalline adducts (3)
- computational chemistry (3)
- hydrogen bond (3)
- inhibitor (3)
- mPGES-1 (3)
- molecular dynamics (3)
- nuclear receptor (3)
- packing density (3)
- peptides (3)
- phenolic resins (3)
- polymorphism (3)
- solvate (3)
- stereoselective synthesis (3)
- 5′-UTR (2)
- ADC (2)
- ATPases (2)
- Acetonitrile Adduct (2)
- Addition Compound (2)
- Aluminium Chloride (2)
- Alzheimer’s disease (2)
- Aminosäuren (2)
- Amyloid <beta-> (2)
- Analyse (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Anorganische Synthese (2)
- Apolipoprotein E (2)
- Apoptose (2)
- Azobenzol (2)
- Baird's rule (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biophysical chemistry (2)
- Bioverfügbarkeit (2)
- Bismut (2)
- CNN (2)
- Carotinoide (2)
- Carrier-Proteine (2)
- Cell membranes (2)
- Channelrhodopsin (2)
- Chemie und Pharmazie (2)
- Chemische Analyse (2)
- Chemistry (2)
- Chlorophyll (2)
- Complex Formation (2)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (2)
- Computational biophysics (2)
- Computational chemistry (2)
- Covid19-NMR (2)
- Crystal and Molecular Structure (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Crystallography (2)
- Cycles (2)
- Cytochrom c (2)
- Cytochromoxidase (2)
- DEER (2)
- DNA-PAINT (2)
- DNS-Chip (2)
- Dimethyldichlorosilane (2)
- Doxorubicin (2)
- ESR (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Elektronenspinresonanzspektroskopie (2)
- Elektronensprayionisations-Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Epoxides (2)
- Excess Volumes (2)
- Experiment (2)
- Flavonoide (2)
- Fluoro Compounds (2)
- Fluororganische Verbindungen (2)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität / Fachbereich Biochemie (2)
- G-Quadruplex (2)
- Green chemistry (2)
- HPLC-MS (2)
- Haloferax volcanii (2)
- High-pressure (2)
- Humanes Serumalbumin (2)
- Immunologie (2)
- In vitro (2)
- Inhibitor (2)
- Iodine (2)
- Ion Pair Formation (2)
- Ion transport (2)
- Kombinatorische Synthese (2)
- Kristallisation (2)
- LILBID-MS (2)
- Licht-Sammel-Komplex (2)
- Ligand (2)
- Lipoxygenase <5-> (2)
- Lutidines (2)
- Lysozyme (2)
- MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie (2)
- MET receptor (2)
- Makromolekül (2)
- Medicinal Chemistry (2)
- Medizinische Chemie (2)
- Membrantransport (2)
- Metabolismus (2)
- Metal Organic Derivatives (2)
- Methodenentwicklung (2)
- Methylchlorosilanes (2)
- Methylhalogenosilanes (2)
- Mitophagy (2)
- Modifizierung (2)
- Molecular conformation (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (2)
- Monoschicht (2)
- NHC (2)
- NMDA-Rezeptor (2)
- NMR Spectra (2)
- NMR Spectroscopy (2)
- NanoBRET (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Niob (2)
- Nitrid (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Oberflächenchemie (2)
- Oligomerisation (2)
- Optische Spektroskopie (2)
- Organic electrochemistry (2)
- Organisches Pigment (2)
- Organocatalysis (2)
- Organosilicon Compounds (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- PBPK (2)
- PROTAC (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Permeation and transport (2)
- Pharmakologie (2)
- Pharmazie (2)
- Phospholipase A2 (2)
- Photochemie (2)
- Photodynamic Effect (2)
- Photoelectron (2)
- Photoreduction (2)
- Potassium channels (2)
- Precipitation inhibition (2)
- Preseniline (2)
- Promotor <Genetik> (2)
- Protein Dynamics (2)
- Protein drugability (2)
- Protein folding (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Proteorhodopsin (2)
- Pyridiniumbromide (2)
- Quantenchemie (2)
- Quelle (2)
- RNA structures (2)
- RNA synthesis (2)
- RNS-Synthese (2)
- Rapid Thermal Processing (2)
- Rapid thermal processing (2)
- Reaction Kinetics (2)
- Reaktionskinetik (2)
- Reduction (2)
- Reduction to Radical Anions (2)
- Regenerative Energie / Wasserstoff / Halbmetall / Dezentrale Energieversorgung (2)
- Retinal (2)
- Ribosome (2)
- Röntgenkristallographie (2)
- Röntgenstrukturanalyse (2)
- SNP (2)
- Schwefel (2)
- Semiempirical Calculations (2)
- Sequenzierung durch Synthese (2)
- SiGe alloys (2)
- Silanide (2)
- Single-molecule biophysics (2)
- Singlet Oxygen (2)
- Solid-state NMR (2)
- Spectra (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (2)
- Stereochemistry (2)
- Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung (2)
- Supersaturation (2)
- Supersilyl (2)
- Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Targeted drug delivery (2)
- Terbium (2)
- Tin Organic Compounds (2)
- Trifluoromethylation (2)
- Trimethylbromosilane (2)
- Ubiquitin (2)
- Validierung (2)
- Vanadium (2)
- Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Bindung (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- X-ray structure analysis (2)
- Zellzyklus (2)
- Zweidimensionale Elektrophorese (2)
- accessibility switch (2)
- aminal structure (2)
- amino acids (2)
- aptamers (2)
- asymmetric catalysis (2)
- azo compounds (2)
- biosynthesis (2)
- blood-brain barrier (2)
- boron (2)
- boryl anions (2)
- caged compounds (2)
- cell cycle (2)
- cell-free expression (2)
- circular dichroism (2)
- cluster compounds (2)
- co-crystalline adduct (2)
- conformational dynamics (2)
- cryo-EM (2)
- cycloaddition (2)
- drug design (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- electron crystallography (2)
- enamides (2)
- excited state aromaticity (2)
- fragment screening (2)
- germanium (2)
- halogen bonding (2)
- heteronuclear detection (2)
- high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- inward proton pump (2)
- iron (2)
- kinetics (2)
- leukotriene (2)
- mTOR (2)
- machine learning (2)
- manganese (2)
- medicinal chemistry (2)
- membrane protein (2)
- metabotropic glutamate receptor (2)
- metallic elements (2)
- microbial rhodopsin (2)
- molecular docking (2)
- molecular switch (2)
- multienzyme (2)
- neurodegeneration (2)
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2)
- oligonucleotide (2)
- organic synthesis (2)
- oxidative phosphorylation (2)
- packaging (2)
- phospholipids (2)
- photoisomerization (2)
- photolabile Schutzgruppe (2)
- photopharmacology (2)
- photoswitches (2)
- polymers (2)
- polypharmacology (2)
- prostaglandins (2)
- protein denaturation (2)
- protein folding (2)
- protein kinase inhibitor (2)
- protein-protein interactions (2)
- proteins (2)
- proteorhodopsin (2)
- proton transfer (2)
- pseudosymmetry (2)
- radiation-induced nanostructures (2)
- real-time NMR spectroscopy (2)
- rearrangements (2)
- short contacts (2)
- siRNA (2)
- similarity measures (2)
- solid-state NMR spectroscopy (2)
- spectroscopy (2)
- structure elucidation (2)
- structure–activity relationships (2)
- substituent effects (2)
- subvalent compounds (2)
- supersaturation (2)
- synthesis (2)
- transcription (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- transient absorption (2)
- transiente Absorption (2)
- transition metal (2)
- ultrafast spectroscopy (2)
- Übergangsmetall (2)
- (2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl (1)
- (Hydroxymethyl)diphenyl(piperidinoalkyl)silanes (1)
- -MS) (1)
- 1,1-dichloro-3,5-diphenyl-4-H-1,2,4,6-λ4-selenatriazine (1)
- 1,2,3 triazole (1)
- 1,2,3-Triazoles (1)
- 1,2,3-bis-triazoles (1)
- 1,2,3-triazole-acyclonucleosides (1)
- 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene (1)
- 1,2,4-thiadiazoles (1)
- 1,2-D ioxetanes (1)
- 1,2-Dimesitoylbenzene (1)
- 1,3-Diamine (1)
- 1,3-bis(2,6-di-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1)
- 1,3-diamine (1)
- 1,3-diazinane (1)
- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1)
- 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)thiourea (1)
- 1-propanol (1)
- 1.10-Phenanthrolin-5,6-dione (1)
- 10-Hydroxyaloins A/B (1)
- 13C NMR Spectra (1)
- 15d-PGJ2 (1)
- 19F NM R Spectra (1)
- 1H NMR Spectra (1)
- 1H NMR; Conformational Properties (1)
- 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- 2'-deoxyguanosine riboswitch (1)
- 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-p-quinone and -hydroquinone-monosodium Salt (1)
- 2-(2′-Pyridyl)indole Derivatives (1)
- 2-2-Dichloropropane (1)
- 2-DE (1)
- 2-DE/MS (1)
- 2-aminobenzimidazole (1)
- 20 β-Activity (1)
- 20β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1)
- 2D NMR spectroscopy (1)
- 2H-Azirine (1)
- 2′,3′-cGAMP (1)
- 3,17 β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1)
- 3,30′-ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3,4-Benzopyrene (1)
- 3,4-Dimethylpyridine (1)
- 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (1)
- 31P-NMR (1)
- 3D electron diffraction (1)
- 3D reconstruction and image processing (1)
- 3´-5´ phosphodiesterases (1)
- 4,4’-Disubstituted 2,2’-Bipyridines (1)
- 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5-LO (1)
- 5-Lipoxygenase (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 7,7,8,8-Tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (1)
- 7-Dehydrocholesterol (1)
- 9-borafluorene (1)
- A498 cells (1)
- ABC proteins (1)
- ABC transporter (1)
- ABC transporters (1)
- ABC-transporter (1)
- ABCE1 (1)
- AChE inhibition (1)
- ADAR (1)
- AEC syndrome (1)
- AKBA (1)
- AM1 Calculations (1)
- API (1)
- APM (1)
- APOBEC (1)
- APOBEC3G (1)
- ATP (1)
- ATPase (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- ATTO 390 (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Ab-initio-Rechnungen (1)
- Abstandsmessung (1)
- Acetylcholin (1)
- Acetylcholin-Bindeprotein (1)
- Acidic Amino Acids (1)
- Addition compounds (1)
- Adenin (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adenosintriphosphatasen (1)
- Adherens junctions (1)
- Adolf von (1)
- Adulte Stammzelle (1)
- Advanced treatment technologies (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Affenimmundefizienzvirus (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agrikulturchemie (1)
- Aiolochroia crassa (1)
- Airport emissions (1)
- Aktivitätsmuster (1)
- Akute lymphatische Leukämie (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Albumine (1)
- Alchemie (1)
- Alcohol (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Aldehydes (1)
- Aldosteron (1)
- Aldosteronantagonist (1)
- Algebraisch Diagrammatische Konstrution (1)
- AlignMe (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alkali Metal Reduction (1)
- Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metals (1)
- Alkylating Agents (1)
- Alkylation of RNA (1)
- Alltag (1)
- Alter (1)
- Altern (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminium Bromide (1)
- Aluminium bromide (1)
- Aluminium chloride (1)
- Aluminiumbromide (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Alzheimer Demenz (1)
- Alzheimer's Disease (1)
- Alzheimer´s Disease (1)
- Amidiniumsalze (1)
- Aminoboranes (1)
- Aminothiophen (1)
- Aminothiophene (1)
- Ammonium Chloride (1)
- Amyloid (1)
- Amyloidkern (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Angeborene Immunität (1)
- Angeregter Zustand (1)
- Angiogenese (1)
- Anion Radicals (1)
- Anion and Zwitterion Transport (1)
- Anionic boranes (1)
- Anodic oxidation (1)
- Antagonisten (1)
- Anthracen (1)
- Anthranoids (1)
- Antibiotic Resistance (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Antidepressiva (1)
- Antigenprozessierung (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Antimony Methyl Halides (1)
- Antimuscarinic and Papaverine-Like Activity (1)
- Antiporter (1)
- Antisense agents (1)
- Antisense-Nucleinsäuren (1)
- Antisense-Oligonukleotide (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Apolipoproteine (1)
- Aprotic Conditions (1)
- Aprotic Solution (1)
- Aptamere (1)
- Aquifex aeolicus (1)
- Arachidonsäure (1)
- Arboran-/Fernanderivate (1)
- Arduengo-type carbene (1)
- Aromatic Nitro Compounds (1)
- Aromatische Aminosäuren (1)
- Arsenic (1)
- Arteriosklerose (1)
- Artifizielle Ribonucleasen (1)
- Arzneimittel / Chemische Synthese (1)
- Arzneimitteldesign (1)
- Arzneimittelentwicklung (1)
- Arzneistoffanalytik (1)
- Assembly (1)
- Association (1)
- Asymmetric Catalysis (1)
- Asymmetrische Synthese (1)
- Atemwege (1)
- Atmosphärenchemie (1)
- Atomic volume (1)
- Attenuated Total Reflection (1)
- Aurora kinase (1)
- Austrittsarbeit (1)
- Avidin-Biotin-Komplex (1)
- Azidoacetonitrile Trimethylenetetrazole and Tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (1)
- Azo Compounds (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- Azobenzolderivate (1)
- Azodicarbonitrile (1)
- B-Lymphocytes (1)
- B-Lymphozyten (1)
- B-Zell-Lymphom (1)
- B-factor (1)
- BN Addition Compounds (1)
- BN-PAGE (1)
- BRD4 (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacterial Chromosome (1)
- Bacterial genomics (1)
- Baeyer (1)
- Bakteriorhodopsin (1)
- Base Catalysis (1)
- Baseline toxicity (1)
- Bcl-2 Family Proteins (1)
- Bcl-2 Proteine (1)
- Becher (1)
- Beer (1)
- Benzolsensor (1)
- Benzoquinone Radical Anion (1)
- Biacore (1)
- Bibliographie (1)
- Bindestelle (1)
- Binding Kinetics (1)
- Bindungsaffinität (1)
- Bindungsanalyse (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biochemische Analyse (1)
- Bioenabling formulations (1)
- Bioinformatik (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomaterials – proteins (1)
- Biomembran (1)
- Biopysikalische Chemie (1)
- Biosensorik (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biphasisch (1)
- Biradicals (1)
- Bis(N,N-diethyl-N′-benzoylselenoureato)lead(II) (1)
- Bis(η-cyclopentadienyl)titana(TiIV)cyclohexaselenane (1)
- Bisaboloids (1)
- Bisamidines (1)
- Bivalentes Ion (1)
- Blaue Native PAGE (1)
- Blood Brain-Barrier (1)
- Blutgerinnung (1)
- Blutstammzelle (1)
- Body burden (1)
- Bolhmann bands (1)
- Bond Order (1)
- Borate (1)
- Bororganische Verbindungen (1)
- Boswelliasäuren (1)
- Brain bioavailability (1)
- Brij 35 (1)
- BrijL23 (1)
- Bromodomänen (1)
- Bronchopneumonie (1)
- Brustkarzinom (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Brønsted Acid (1)
- Brønsted base (1)
- Bunsen, Robert (1)
- Butylmethylether <tertiär-> (1)
- Bärnighausen tree (1)
- B−B bonds (1)
- B−H bonds (1)
- C-H...Br hydrogen bond (1)
- C-H...O interactions (1)
- C-H...O interactions (1)
- C-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- C-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- C-mannosylation (1)
- C-reaktives Protein (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C2-like domain (1)
- C2-ähnliche Domäne (1)
- CAD-CAM (1)
- CD34+ Zellen (1)
- CD34+ cells (1)
- CD44s (1)
- CD44v6 (1)
- CDC-42 (1)
- CEP68 (1)
- CEST (1)
- CHCA (1)
- CLC (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CTGF (1)
- CVD (1)
- CaChR1 (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Caged Compound (1)
- Caged Verbindungen (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calycotome villosa (Poiret) Link Subsp. Intermedia (1)
- Capsaicin (1)
- Carbanions (1)
- Carbene (1)
- Carbene Complexes (1)
- Carbene Transfer (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbonates (1)
- Carbonyl Complexes (1)
- Carbonyl Compounds (1)
- Carcinogenität (1)
- Cardiolipin (1)
- Cas9 inhibitor (1)
- Caspase-3 (1)
- Caspase-6 (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Cation coupled symporters (1)
- Celecoxib (1)
- Cell-free protein synthesis (1)
- Cellular microbiology (1)
- Cesium (1)
- Chalcogen-Liganden (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chelate-Capped Hydrogen Bridges (1)
- Chelated Pentacoordinated Silicon (1)
- Chemical Force Microscopy (1)
- Chemical biology (1)
- Chemical characterization (1)
- Chemical synthesis (1)
- Chemical tools (1)
- Chemiedidaktik (1)
- Chemiepraktikum (1)
- Chemieunterricht (1)
- Chemieunterricht; Experimentiermaterial; Low-Cost (1)
- Chemikalie (1)
- Chemiker (1)
- Chemische Sonden (1)
- Chemisches Element (1)
- Chemokine (1)
- Chemometry (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Chinon (1)
- Chinoxalinderivate (1)
- Chiralität (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chloridkanal (1)
- Chloromethylsilanes (1)
- Chloroxospezies (1)
- Cholesterin Biosyntheseweg (1)
- Cholesterol (1)
- Cholinerges System (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromatin modelling (1)
- Chromatinmodellierung (1)
- Chromatography (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Chronische Allograftnephropathie (1)
- Cima da Conegliano (1)
- ClC-7 (1)
- Clinical relevant dissolution specification (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Coenzyme Analogue (1)
- Coenzyme analogues (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Compound Database (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Conformational Dynamics (1)
- Conformers (1)
- Contact Ion Pair [Ag⊕(PR3)2(R2H2C6O2·⊖)] (1)
- Contact Ion Pairs and Triples (1)
- Coordination Compounds (1)
- Coordinative Bonding (1)
- Copper decoration (1)
- Copper(I) Chloride Adducts of Phosphoranimines (1)
- Cordaiten (1)
- Core-Hole-Clock Methode (1)
- Correlative electron and light microscopy (1)
- Corynebakterium efficiens (1)
- Covid19-nmr (1)
- Cristallization (1)
- Crosslinker (1)
- Crystal Structure Analysis (1)
- Crystal Structure Dinuclear Ti-S and Ti-Se Complexes (1)
- Crystal Structure of [(η3-C4H7)6Pd6Se3] (1)
- Crystal Structure of [Co8Se8(PPh3)6]n (n = 0; 1+) (1)
- Crystal Structure of [Fe4Se4Br4]2--Cluster (1)
- Crystal Structures (1)
- Cuneiform (1)
- Cyanine Distortion (1)
- Cyanine Distortion of C6-Rings (1)
- Cyanogen Azide (1)
- Cyclic Organosulfides (1)
- Cyclic S-N-Compounds (1)
- Cyclic Sulfonyl Derivatives (1)
- Cyclization (1)
- Cyclooxygenase (1)
- Cyclopentadienyl Complexes (1)
- Cyclopenten (1)
- Cyclopentenone (1)
- Cyclophilin (1)
- Cyclophosphamide (1)
- Cystein-Scanning Mutagenese (1)
- Cytidindeaminase (1)
- Cytochrom P-450 (1)
- Cytochrom c Oxidase (1)
- Cytochrom-bc1-Komplex (1)
- Cytochrome Oxidase (1)
- Cytochrome bc1 complex (1)
- Cytochrome c Oxidase (1)
- Cytostatic Agents (1)
- C— H interactions (1)
- C— HCl contacts (1)
- C—H...π interactions (1)
- C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯π interactions (1)
- C−H···F (1)
- DDR (1)
- DEAD-Box Helicase (1)
- DFT (1)
- DFT+MBD calculations (1)
- DFWM (1)
- DIPSHIFT (1)
- DNA conjugate (1)
- DNA recognition (1)
- DNA- Spaltung (1)
- DNA-Analytik (1)
- DNA-ligand complexes (1)
- DNA/LNA mixmers (1)
- DNP (1)
- DNP in solids (1)
- DNS analytics (1)
- DNS-Sequenz (1)
- DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (1)
- DNS; Sequenzanalyse <Chemie>; Abbruchreaktion; Nucleotide; Chemische Synthese; DNS; Sequenzanalyse <Chemie>; Abbruchreaktion; Nucleotide; Chemische Synthese (1)
- DSC-Curves (1)
- DYRK1A (1)
- Decalin (1)
- Dedifferenzierung (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dehydrogenase Cofactors (1)
- Dehydrogenases (1)
- Dekalin (1)
- Dendrobates (1)
- Dendrobatides (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Depolarization (1)
- Desinfektionsmittel (1)
- Desoxyribonucleotide ; Fluoreszenzfarbstoff ; Markierung <Chemie> ; DNS-Sequenz (1)
- Destillation (1)
- DgkA (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diacylglyceride (1)
- Dialkylamino Substituted π Systems (1)
- Dialkylamino-substituted π-Systems (1)
- Diastereomeric Camphanoates (1)
- Dibenzophosphole (1)
- Dicer (1)
- Dichtefunktionaltheorie mit Dispersionskorrektur (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum ; Muscarin ; Rezeptor ; Genexpression (1)
- Diels- Alder reaction (1)
- Diels-Alder-Reaktion (1)
- Diels-Alder-reaction (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Diffraktometrie (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Dihydroquinolin-4-ones (1)
- Diisobutylaluminum Hydride (1)
- Diisopropylfluorophosphatase (1)
- Dioxetanes (1)
- Dipol (1)
- Dipolmoment (1)
- Disc-Elektrophorese (1)
- Disease-modifying strategy (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Dissipation (1)
- Distance averaging (1)
- Disulfide bond (1)
- Dokumentationssystem (1)
- Donor/Acceptor-Complexes (1)
- Doorway-Window-Formalismus (1)
- Doorway-window-formalism (1)
- Dopaminagonist (1)
- Dopamine Agonist (1)
- Doxorubizin (1)
- Drift correction (1)
- Drug Delivery Systeme (1)
- Drug Design (1)
- Drug discovery and development (1)
- Dual Affinity (1)
- Dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists (1)
- Duale Affinität (1)
- Duale PPARalpha/gamma-Agonisten (1)
- Dynamic covalent chemistry (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dynamische Kernpolarisation (1)
- Dynamische Lichtstreuung (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- E-selectin (1)
- E2F-1 (1)
- E3 Ligase (1)
- EAAC1 (1)
- EDTA (1)
- EGFR vIII (1)
- EGb 761 (1)
- EIGER detector (1)
- ENDOR (Special; General Triple) Spectra (1)
- ENDOR Couplings (1)
- ENDOR Spectra (1)
- ENDOR and Triple Spectra (1)
- EPR of Copper (II) Complexes with Membrane Proteins (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESI (1)
- ESIPT (1)
- ESR-spectra (1)
- ESR/ENDOR Measurements (1)
- Echtzeit-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Effect of Copper (II) (1)
- Efflux system (1)
- Ein-Topf-Reaktionen (1)
- Einzelmolekülanalyse (1)
- Eisenmangel (1)
- Elastase (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electron Pair Interaction (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic Structure (1)
- Electronic Structures (1)
- Electrophorese (1)
- Electrospray ionisation (ESI) (1)
- Elektrisches Remodeling (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrokardiogramm (1)
- Elektronentransfer (1)
- Elektrophorese (1)
- Elektrophysiologie (1)
- Elektrospray-Ionisation (1)
- Elektrospray-Ionisation (ESI) (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Embryonale Stammzelle (1)
- Emerging contaminants (ECs) (1)
- Empfindlichkeitsverstärkung (1)
- Enantioselektive Katalyse (1)
- Enantiospecific GC-Analysis (1)
- Endogene Carcinogenesis (1)
- Endogene Retroviren (1)
- Endogenous RNA-Polymerase (1)
- Endothel (1)
- Ene Reaction (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energiestoffwechsel (1)
- Energieübertragung (1)
- Energy metabolism (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Enthalpie (1)
- Enthalpy (1)
- Environmental risk assessment (1)
- Enzymaktivität (1)
- Enzymatic Behaviour (1)
- Enzymatic decomposition (1)
- Enzymatische Regulation (1)
- Enzyme Induction (1)
- Enzyme mechanisms (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Enzymes and Biomimetic Systems (1)
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Eplerenon (1)
- Esters (1)
- Etching (1)
- Ethene (1)
- Ethyne (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evolutionärer Algorithmus (1)
- Extrakt (1)
- FEBID (1)
- FGFR (1)
- FPR (1)
- FRAM <Informatik> (1)
- FT-IR-spectroscopy (1)
- FT-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- FTIR-Differenzspektroskopie (1)
- FTY720 (1)
- Faltungsdynamik (1)
- Farbstoffsolarzelle (1)
- Farnsamer (1)
- Fatty Acid Synthase (1)
- Fatty Acids (1)
- Femtosekundenspektroskopie (1)
- Ferrocenderivate (1)
- Ferroelektrikum (1)
- Ferroptosis (1)
- Fester Zustand (1)
- Festkörper-DNP (1)
- Festkörperstruktur (1)
- Festkörperunterstützte Membran (1)
- Festkörperunterstützte Membranen (1)
- Festphasenmikroextraktion (1)
- Fettsäuresynthase (1)
- Fettsäuresynthase Typ I (1)
- Fibrillen (1)
- Fibrils (1)
- Flash photolysis (1)
- Flavin (1)
- Flavin-binding Protein (1)
- Flavonoids (1)
- Flavoproteins (1)
- Flightless-I (1)
- Flow chamber (1)
- Flow chemistry (1)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometer (1)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Fluorbenzolderivate ; Nucleosidderivate ; Chemische Synthese ; Fluorbenzimidazolderivate ; RNS ; Doppelhelix ; Stabilität (1)
- Fluorescence labelling (1)
- Fluoreszenzmarkierung (1)
- Fluorid cleavable linker (1)
- Fluorid spaltbarer Linker (1)
- Fluorierung (1)
- Fluorig (1)
- Fluorine-Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds (1)
- Fluorous (1)
- Fluorwasserstoff (1)
- Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (1)
- Food effect (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (1)
- Frankincense (1)
- Freie Energie (1)
- Friedel-Crafts Reaction (1)
- Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion (1)
- Frösche <Familie> (1)
- Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll-Protein (1)
- Funktionelle Gruppe (1)
- G alpha q (1)
- G protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G quadruplex helicase RHAU (1)
- G-quadruplex binders (1)
- GABARAP (1)
- GCN (1)
- GEF (1)
- GEMs (1)
- GIXRF (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GTPase (1)
- Gallium (1)
- Gas Phase Conformation (1)
- Gas Phase Dehydrochlorination (1)
- Gas Phase Pyrolysis (1)
- Gas Phase Thermolysis (1)
- Gasphase (1)
- Gasphase Pyrolyses (1)
- Gassensor (1)
- Gaussian Process (1)
- GdIr2Si2 (1)
- Gefrierpunkt (1)
- Gelatine (1)
- Gelchro (1)
- Gemischtvalente Verbindungen (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gene therapy (1)
- Genetischer Fingerabdruck (1)
- Genexpression (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Gephyrin (1)
- Germane (1)
- Germanium (1)
- Germoxane (1)
- Geschichte 1400-1800 (1)
- Geschichte 1717 (1)
- Geschichte 1845 (1)
- Geschichte 1846 (1)
- Geschichte 1871 (1)
- Ginkgo biloba (1)
- Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt (1)
- Ginkgoblatt-Extrakt (1)
- Ginseng (1)
- Ginsenoside (1)
- Gliom (1)
- Glioma (1)
- Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- Glutamattransport (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathionperoxidase (1)
- Glycinrezeptor (1)
- Graetzelzelle (1)
- Gramicidin A (1)
- Granulozyt (1)
- Granzym B (1)
- Grenz- und Oberflächenmodifizierung (1)
- Grignard Reagents (1)
- Grignard reagent (1)
- Group II Aryls (1)
- Group III Alkyls (1)
- Growth factors (1)
- Grundwasserverschmutzung (1)
- Grün fluoreszierendes Protein (1)
- Grüne Chemie (1)
- Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (1)
- Guanosine triphosphatase (1)
- Guanylatcyclase (1)
- HCV (1)
- HERV-K (1)
- HGF (1)
- HIF (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HIV-Infektion (1)
- HOX gene (1)
- HPA-Achse (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HPLC (-FLD (1)
- HPLC-Fluorescence (1)
- HPLC-Fluoreszenz (1)
- HRS Zellen (1)
- HSA (1)
- Haarnadelschleife (1)
- Habitat transfer (1)
- Hairpins (1)
- Halbleiter (1)
- Halbleiterreinigung (1)
- Halbleiterspeicher (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halogenobenzimidazoles (1)
- Halve-wave-potentials (1)
- Harnstoff (1)
- Harnstoffderivate (1)
- Hauptkomponentenanalyse (1)
- HeLa cells (1)
- Helicase (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cells (1)
- HepaRG cells (1)
- Hepatocytes (1)
- Hepatomazelllinie (1)
- Herzinsuffizienz (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterogeneous Catalysis (1)
- Heterozyklen (1)
- High Pressure Stability (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High throughput screening (1)
- High-k-Dielektrikum (1)
- Hinterhorn <Rückenmark> (1)
- Histamin (1)
- Histamin-H3-Rezeptor (1)
- Histaminrezeptor (1)
- Histon-Deacetylase-Inhibitoren (1)
- Histone-deacetylase inhibitors (1)
- History (1)
- Histrionicotoxin (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hodgkin Lymphom (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Hofmeister Effekten (1)
- Hofmeister effects (1)
- Hohes Magnetfeld (1)
- Holbein the Elder (1)
- Homogene Katalyse (1)
- Homologe <Chemie> (1)
- Huisgen cycloaddition (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Hybride (1)
- Hydrogen Addition (1)
- Hydrolysis (1)
- Hydroquinone (1)
- Hydroxylation (1)
- Hygroscopicity (1)
- Hyperalgesie (1)
- Hyperconjugation (1)
- Hyperforin (1)
- Hyperoxide (1)
- Hypertrophie (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- Häm a Synthase (1)
- Hämatopoese (1)
- IAP (1)
- ID2 (1)
- IDP (1)
- IGF-1R (1)
- IR (1)
- IR Spektroskopie (1)
- IR-spectra (1)
- IR/R2PI (1)
- IR/fsMPI (1)
- IRR (1)
- ISR (1)
- ITGA9 (1)
- Identical Topology (1)
- Il-18 (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imido Complex of Tantalum (1)
- Iminophosphoranes (1)
- Immundiffusion (1)
- Immunkomplex (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Immuntherapie (1)
- In vitro assay (1)
- In vivo (1)
- Indol (1)
- Induzierte Mutation (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Infrared Spectra (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Infrarotspektroskopie (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport (1)
- Inhibitor-binding (1)
- Inhibitoren (1)
- Injektionsschicht (1)
- Insertion Reactions (1)
- Instrumentation & Devices (1)
- Instrumentelle Analytik (1)
- Interferon <alpha-> (1)
- Interferonrezeptor (1)
- Intermetallische Phasen (1)
- Internal motion (1)
- Intrinsically disordered protein (1)
- Invertebrates (1)
- Ion channel (1)
- Ion source (1)
- Ionic radii (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Isocyanates (1)
- Isomerie (1)
- Isomerisierungsreaktion (1)
- Isoprenoide (1)
- Isosterism (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isoxazoline Alkaloids (1)
- J coupling constants (1)
- Jet engine oil (1)
- Johann Joachim (1)
- Johanniskrautextrakt (1)
- Jurkat (1)
- KR2 (1)
- Kabachnik–Fields reaction (1)
- Katalyse (1)
- Kd determination (1)
- Kelvin Sonde (1)
- Ketene Imine (1)
- Kinase (1)
- Kinase Inhibitors (1)
- Kinase inhibitors (1)
- Kinetics of the Back Reaction (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Kleines Molekül (1)
- Knotless phytochrome (1)
- Kohlenstoffisotopie (1)
- Kollagen (1)
- Kolloider Halbleiter (1)
- Komplex I (1)
- Komplexbildnerstabilität (1)
- Konformation (1)
- Konformationsanalyse (1)
- Koniferen (1)
- Kopplungskonstante (1)
- Korrektur (1)
- Kosten-Nutzen-Bewertung (1)
- Kraftfeld (1)
- Kraftfeld-Rechnung (1)
- Kraftfeldmethoden (1)
- Krankheitsmodulierende Strategien (1)
- Krebsstammzellen (1)
- Krebstherapie (1)
- Kristallkeimbildung (1)
- Kristallografie (1)
- Kristallstruktur (1)
- Kristallstrukturanalyse (1)
- Kupfer(II)terephthalat-Koordinationspolymere (1)
- Kurzzeit (1)
- Künstliche Ribonucleasen (1)
- LASS (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-MS-based lipid mediator analysis (1)
- LC3 (1)
- LCMV (1)
- LEDE-IRR (1)
- LHC-II (1)
- LINE-1 (1)
- LIR motifs (1)
- LTR (1)
- Ladungstransfer (1)
- LanI Protein (1)
- Langlois reagent (1)
- Lantibiotic (1)
- Lantibiotic Immunity (1)
- Larmor frequency (1)
- Laser mass spectrometry (1)
- Laserinduzierte Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Lateral Force Microscopy (1)
- Lead Structure (1)
- Leber (1)
- Leberkanzerogenese (1)
- Lehramt (1)
- Leigh Syndrom (1)
- Lentiviren (1)
- Leukotriene (1)
- Leukotrienes (1)
- Leukämie (1)
- Lewis Acid Base Interactions (1)
- Lewis acid (1)
- Lewis acids (1)
- Library screening (1)
- Lichtreaktion (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Ligandenbindung (1)
- Light (1)
- Light-Harvesting Complex (1)
- Linker (1)
- Lipidperoxidation (1)
- Lipidstoffwechselstörung (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Liposomen (1)
- Lipoxygenaseinhibitor (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Lithium-uranate(VI) (1)
- Lithographie <Halbleitertechnologie> (1)
- Lone Pair Electrons (1)
- Loperamid (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Luminescence Spectra Flash Photolysis (1)
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- Lymphozytäre Choriomeningitis (1)
- Lymphozytäres Choriomeningitis Virus (1)
- MA-XRF (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie ; Abtragen ; Ionisation (1)
- MAP-Kinase (1)
- MAPKinase (1)
- MD (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MD-Simulation (1)
- MFS-type tripartite system (1)
- MIR-Spektroskopie (1)
- MLH1 (1)
- MLKL (1)
- MLL1/2 (1)
- MO Interpretation (1)
- MO Models (1)
- MODY (1)
- MTBE (1)
- MVA-pathway (1)
- Macrodomain (1)
- Magnetic compass (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Magnetokardiographie (1)
- Makromolekulare (1)
- Makrophage (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Manganese Binding Sites (1)
- Mannheimia (1)
- Mannich-type bases (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mathematical methods (1)
- Matricaria chamomilla L (1)
- Matricaria chamomilla L; (1)
- Matricine (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) (1)
- Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption (MALDI) (1)
- MdfA (1)
- Mechanistic (1)
- Medication Appropriatness Index (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Melanom (1)
- Melting Point (1)
- Melting Point Diagrams (1)
- Membran (1)
- Membrane Protein (1)
- Membrane Protein Alignments (1)
- Membrane Proteins (1)
- Membrane potential (1)
- Membrane protein (1)
- Membranproteine ; Multiproteinkomplex ; Nachweis ; Massenspektrometrie ; Gelelektrophorese (1)
- Membrantopologie (1)
- Merocyanin (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Mesenchymale Stammzellen (1)
- Mesenchymzelle (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Messenger-RNS (1)
- Met (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metal Organic Derivates (1)
- Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds (1)
- Metall-organische Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs) (1)
- Metallfreie Ribonucleasen (1)
- Metallic radii (1)
- Metallic valence (1)
- Metallion (1)
- Metalloproteins (1)
- Metallorganische Polymere (1)
- Metamorphosis (1)
- Methanol (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methode (1)
- Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (1)
- Methyleneaminoacetonitrile Monomer and Trimer (1)
- Methylmercury Containing Inactivator (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Microtox (1)
- Migration <Biologie> (1)
- Mikrodialyse (1)
- Mikroelektronik (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Mikrowelle (1)
- Millisecond Luminescence of Chloroplasts (1)
- Minigramicidin (1)
- Mitochondrial protein import (1)
- Mitochondrien (1)
- Mixed Valence Nb-Se Complexes (1)
- Mixed-S tack Donor/Acceptor Complexes (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mn(III)-Chlorin (1)
- Modellierung von Fehlordnungen (1)
- Modified nucleosides (1)
- Molecular Complexes (1)
- Molecular Conformation (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Interactions (1)
- Molecular Orbitals (1)
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell Membrane (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Molecules with S·̱·̱̱·̱·̱·̱̱·̱N Bonds (1)
- Molekularbiologie (1)
- Molekulare Maschinerien (1)
- Molekulare Virologie (1)
- Molekularer Schalter (1)
- Molekulargewichtsbestimmung (1)
- Molekularstrahl (1)
- Molekülcluster (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Molekülparameter (1)
- Molekülstruktur (1)
- Mollusks (1)
- Molybdenum Bronce (1)
- Molybdenumnitridetrichloride-2.3.3-trichloroacrylnitrile (1)
- Monolage (1)
- Monolagen (1)
- Mukoviszidose (1)
- Multianvil (1)
- Multikatalytische Proteasen (1)
- Multimedikation / Polypharmazie (1)
- Multimorbidität (1)
- Multiphoton microscopy (1)
- Multiple Kernel (1)
- Multiple Transport Systems (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multivariate Analysis (1)
- Muscarinic Antagonists (1)
- Muscarinic Receptors (1)
- Muscle contraction (1)
- Mutagenese (1)
- Mutagenese-Scanning (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Müller’s hydrocarbons (1)
- N,N'-Bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinato Complexes (1)
- N,O Ligands (1)
- N-Chloro-Nitrene-Molybdenum Tetrafluoride (1)
- N-Chloro-Nitrene-Tungsten Tetrachloride (1)
- N-Heterocycles (1)
- N-Sulfonylamide (1)
- N-Triflyl Phosphoramide (1)
- N-Trimethylsilyl-iminotriphenylphosphorane Copper(II) Chloride (1)
- NAD Analogs (1)
- NADH-Dehydrogenase (1)
- NADH-Dehydrogenase <Ubichinon> (1)
- NADPH Oxidasen (1)
- NAD⊕-Isomer (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NASH (1)
- NBO analysis (1)
- NEXAFS (1)
- NF-kappaB (1)
- NF023 (1)
- NF279 (1)
- NMDA Antagonist (1)
- NMDA-Antagonist (1)
- NMR -spectra (1)
- NMR crystallography (1)
- NMR solution structure (1)
- NMR-spectroscopy (1)
- NMRI (1)
- NOE (1)
- NOESY (1)
- NR4A2 (1)
- NR4A3 (1)
- Nachweis (1)
- Nanobiotechnologie (1)
- Nanobiotechnology (1)
- Nanodisc (1)
- Nanometer Abstandsmessung (1)
- Nanometer Distance Measurements (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoscale biophysics (1)
- Native mass spectrometry (1)
- Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe (1)
- Natural Quinones (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Nerolidol (1)
- Nervendegeneration (1)
- Nervensystem (1)
- Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (1)
- Neurology (1)
- Neuroprotektivum (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- NhaA (1)
- Nichtinfektiöse Entzündung (1)
- Nichtsteroidales Antiphlogistikum (1)
- Niedergang (1)
- Nierentransplantation (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitride (1)
- Nitro Compounds (1)
- Nitromethane (1)
- Nitroso Compounds (1)
- Non-Canonical Amino Acids (1)
- Non-neuronales cholinerges System (1)
- Non-target analysis (1)
- Nox4 (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Nuclear Overhauser effect (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nucleic acid-binding domain (1)
- Nucleosidderivate (1)
- Nucleoside (1)
- Nucleoside Triphosphates (1)
- Nucleotide (1)
- Nucleotide Triphosphate Analogue (1)
- Nukleinsäuren (1)
- Nukleäre Rezeptoren (1)
- N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- O-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- OAG (1)
- OD approach (1)
- OFET (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächenanalytik (1)
- Oberflächengewässer (1)
- Olefins (1)
- Olfactoric Properties (1)
- Olibanum (1)
- Oligodesoxynucleotide (1)
- Oligonucleotide (1)
- Oligonukleotide (1)
- One-Electron Oxidation (1)
- One-Electron Reduction of 9,9′-Bianthryl (1)
- One-Electron Reduction of Diphenoquinones (1)
- Optical Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Optimally Solvated Sodium Cation (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Organic synthesis (1)
- Organoboranes (1)
- Organophosphorus Compounds (1)
- Organosulfates (1)
- Organosulfur Radical Cations (1)
- Orphan nuclear receptor (1)
- Ostm1 (1)
- Overhauser effect (1)
- Overhauser-Effekt (1)
- Oxanthrone Glucosyls (1)
- Oxidation States (1)
- Oxidoreductases (1)
- Oxo-and Alkylamino-Substituted p-Benzoquinone Derivatives (1)
- Oxocarboxylic Acids (1)
- Oxynitrid (1)
- Oxynitride (1)
- Ozon (1)
- P-Glycoprotein (1)
- P-Glykoprotein (1)
- P2-Rezeptoren (1)
- P2X receptors (1)
- P2X-Rezeptoren (1)
- P2X1 (1)
- P2Y1 (1)
- P301L mutation (1)
- P301L-Mutation (1)
- P4 (1)
- PAD4 (1)
- PALM (1)
- PAM (1)
- PAM-complex (1)
- PAR complex (1)
- PBPK modelling (1)
- PBPK/PD (1)
- PC12APPsw (1)
- PDF-Global-Fit (1)
- PDZ domain (1)
- PE Assignment (1)
- PELDOR/DEER (1)
- PELDOR/DEER spectroscopy (1)
- PGE2 (1)
- PMMA (1)
- PPADS (1)
- PPAR (1)
- PPARγ (1)
- PRG5 (1)
- PRIMUM-Studie (1)
- PXRD (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Pairwise Sequence Alignment (1)
- Palladium (1)
- Palladiumorganische Verbindungen (1)
- Panel paintings (1)
- Pankreaselastase (1)
- Parametrisierung (1)
- Paramyxoviruses (1)
- Parkinson Disease (1)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Pasteurella (1)
- Patch-Clamp-Methode (1)
- Patient (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Pentafluorophenyl Derivatives (1)
- Pepsin (1)
- Peptidantibiotikum ; NMR-Spektroskopie ; Glycerinderivate ; Quantencomputer (1)
- Peptide nucleic acids (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and proteins (1)
- Peptidomics (1)
- Perfluoranthracen (1)
- Perfluoromethanimine (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permeabilität (1)
- Permeasen (1)
- Peroxisom (1)
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Rezeptor (PPARgamma) (1)
- Personalisierte Medizin (1)
- Pfeilgift (1)
- Pflanzeninhaltsstoff (1)
- Pharmazeutische Chemie (1)
- Pharmazeutische Technologie (1)
- Phase diagrams (1)
- Phenalen, Heteroatom-Dotiert (1)
- Phenazinderivate (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenylephrin (1)
- Phosphonium Salts (1)
- Phosphoproteine (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphoramide mustard (1)
- Phosphorsäureester (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photobiology (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photodecom position (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- Photofragmentations (1)
- Photoisomerisierungen (1)
- Photoisomerization (1)
- Photoisomerizations (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photoreaktion (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Photoresist (1)
- Photorhabdus (1)
- Photoschalter (1)
- Photosensitizer (1)
- Photosystem II (1)
- Phylobates (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Phytochrome (1)
- Pias1 (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pigment Green 7 (1)
- Pigment Yellow 181 (1)
- Piracetam (1)
- Pirinixinsäure (1)
- Plasma Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Plasma pharmacokinetic (1)
- Plasmid mapping (1)
- Pneumoviruses (1)
- Polarography (1)
- Poly(butylcyanoacrylat) (1)
- Polyacrylamid-Gel (1)
- Polyamides (1)
- Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (1)
- Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyene (1)
- Polymere Chemie (1)
- Polymerization (Polymers) (1)
- Polymorphie (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polypharmacology (1)
- Polyphenole (1)
- Pond snail (1)
- Porphyrine (1)
- Post-Hartree-Fock methods (1)
- Post-offence drinking (1)
- PrP27-30 (1)
- Preparation (1)
- Primary metabolites (1)
- Prion Protein (1)
- Prionprotein (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Prostaglandin (1)
- Prostaglandine (1)
- Prostanoide (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein Expression (1)
- Protein Kinase (1)
- Protein Modifications (1)
- Protein Structure (1)
- Protein Structure and Dynamics (1)
- Protein associated with myc (1)
- Protein-Tyrosin-Phosphatase (1)
- Proteinanalytik (1)
- Proteinchips (1)
- Proteindegradation (1)
- Proteine ; Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung ; NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Proteinelektrochemie (1)
- Proteinexpression (1)
- Proteinkinase B (1)
- Proteintransduktion (1)
- Proteintyrosinphosphatase (1)
- Proteolysis (1)
- Proton Transfer (1)
- Proton Transfer Kinetics (1)
- Proton Transport (1)
- Protonentransfer (1)
- Pseudo Jahn-Teller-Effect (1)
- Pseudorotation (1)
- Pseudotyp (1)
- Pulverdiffraktometrie (1)
- Pumiliotoxin (1)
- Pump-Probe-Technik (1)
- Pump-probe (1)
- Pump-probe-spectroscopy (1)
- Punktmutation (1)
- Purification (1)
- Purin (1)
- Purinnucleoside (1)
- Purpurbakterien (1)
- Pyrazolderivate (1)
- Pyrazole (1)
- Pyridazine (1)
- Pyridinium Bromide (1)
- Pyridinium Iodide (1)
- Pyridinium chloride (1)
- Pyrrolidin (1)
- Pyrrolimidazolalkaloide (1)
- Python (1)
- Python <Programmiersprache> (1)
- Q cycle (1)
- Qo site (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quantenpunkte (1)
- Quantifizierung (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quinhydrone (1)
- Quinones (1)
- Quinonoids (1)
- R values (1)
- RCC (1)
- RDF (1)
- RGS (1)
- RIPK3 (1)
- RNA PT (1)
- RNA cleavage (1)
- RNA dynamics (1)
- RNA editing (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNA induced silencing complex (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA modification (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RNA recognition (1)
- RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) (1)
- RNA therapeutics (1)
- RNA therapy (1)
- RNA-Liganden (1)
- RNA-Polymerase Binding (1)
- RNA-ligands (1)
- RNA-protein complex (RNP) (1)
- RNI (1)
- RNP dynamics (1)
- RNS-Edierung (1)
- RNS-Interferenz (1)
- ROS (1)
- RXRα (1)
- Radical Anion Sodium Salt (1)
- Radical Anions (1)
- Radical Cation (1)
- Radical Cations (1)
- Radical Contact Ion Pairs (1)
- Radical Ions (1)
- Radical Pair model (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Raman-spectra (1)
- Rare-earth borate (1)
- Raster-Kraft-Mikroskopie (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Rastersondenmikroskopie (1)
- Rastertunnelmikroskopie (1)
- Rauigkeit (1)
- RbfA (1)
- Reaction products (1)
- Reaktionsbeschleunigung (1)
- Reaktionsdynamik (1)
- Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Reaktionszentrum (1)
- Redfield-Theorie (1)
- Redfield-Theory (1)
- Redox-linked Proton Pump (1)
- Redoxactive Ligands (1)
- Reduction by R4N®BH4e (1)
- Reduction of 1-Sila-2,5-diazacyclopentane-3,4-dithione and of Tetrakis(isopropylthio)-p-benzoquinone (1)
- Registration (1)
- Regulators of G Protein Signalling (1)
- Regulatory domain (1)
- Reichardia picroides (1)
- Rekombinantes Fusionsprotein (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-System (1)
- Repetitive DNS (1)
- Reportergenassay (1)
- Reportergeneassay (1)
- Research article (1)
- Resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Resonance assignment (1)
- Retinalproteine (1)
- Retrotransposon (1)
- Retroviren (1)
- Retroviren ; Matrixproteine (1)
- Reversible Terminatoren (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rezeptor-Tyrosinkinasen (1)
- Rezeptorinternalisierung (1)
- Rh(II) catalysis (1)
- Rhamnus purshianus D. C. (1)
- Rheb (1)
- Rhenium(VII) (1)
- RhlB (1)
- Rho GTPasen (1)
- Ribonucleasen (1)
- Ribonucleic Acids (1)
- Ribonucleosides (1)
- Ribosom (1)
- Ribosome Recycling (1)
- Riboswitch, RNA, translation, NMR, smFRET (1)
- Ribozym (1)
- Rietveld refinement (1)
- Rind ; Herz ; Fettsäuren ; Bindeproteine ; Mehrdimensionale NMR-Spektroskopie ; Molekulardynamik (1)
- Risk metrics (risk quotients, toxic units, hazard units) (1)
- Rome (1)
- Rpo4/7 (1)
- Ruthenium Complexes (1)
- Rydberg transitions (1)
- Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Röntgenfluoreszenzspektroskopie (1)
- S. Cerevisiae (1)
- S1P receptors (1)
- SAM (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SB9 (1)
- SDS (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEC-ICP-DRC-MS (1)
- SEDDS (1)
- SELDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- SHAPE analysis (1)
- SILAC-based proteomics (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- SMEDDS (1)
- SNEDDS (1)
- SOA (1)
- SOFI (1)
- SPARQL (1)
- SPM (1)
- SSM (1)
- SSR128129E (1)
- STED microscopy (1)
- STED superresolution (1)
- STM (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Saphir (1)
- Sauerstoffradikal; Fluoreszenzlöschung; Sauerstoffradikal; Fluoreszenzlöschung (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Schichten (1)
- Schmelzpunktalternanz (1)
- Schmerzforschung (1)
- Schnee (1)
- Schwerlöslicher Stoff (1)
- Screening (1)
- Scribble (1)
- Second Punic War (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Secretase Inhibitors (1)
- Sekretase Inhibitoren (1)
- Sekundenherztod (1)
- Selbsterneuerung (1)
- Selbstkompartimentierung (1)
- Selectivity (1)
- Selenium Compounds (1)
- Selenium Organic Compounds (1)
- Seleniumphosphoryl-compounds (1)
- Self-Assembled Monolayer (1)
- Self-renewal (1)
- Semi-empiricalcalculations (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Semiquinone (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sensorrhodopsin (1)
- Sequenzanalyse <Chemie> (1)
- Sestrin 2 (1)
- Shift-Reagents (1)
- Short-lived Intermediates (1)
- SiN Double Bond (1)
- Sila-Substitution (1)
- Sila-difenidol (1)
- Sila-pridinol (1)
- Silacyclobutenes (1)
- Silafullerane (1)
- Silane (1)
- Silanimine (1)
- Silatran (1)
- Silicium-Reinigungschemie (1)
- Siliciumbauelement (1)
- Silikon (1)
- Silole (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silyl Amine (1)
- Silylamide (1)
- Silylation (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single chain Antikörper (1)
- Single-molecule localization microscopy (1)
- Single-particle (1)
- Sinorhizobium fredii (1)
- Sixteenth century (1)
- Small Rings (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Soap Solutions (1)
- Sodium (1)
- Sodium -15-crown-5-pentafluoro-N-chloronitreno-tungstate(VI) (1)
- Sodium Metal Reduction (1)
- Sodium ion pump (1)
- Sodium-15-crown-5-pentafluoro-N-chloronitreno-molybdate(VI) (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- Solid dispersion (1)
- Solid-state chemistry (1)
- Soluble proteins (1)
- Solvation Effects (1)
- Solvent-Separated Radical Ion Pair (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Sonogashira-Kreuz-Kupplung (1)
- Sonogashira-cross-coupling (1)
- Soybean (1)
- SpaI (1)
- Specific Synthesis (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sphingosin (1)
- Sphingosin-1-Phosphat (1)
- Sphingosin-Kinase (1)
- Sphingosine-Kinase (1)
- Sphingosinkinase (1)
- Spin Trap (1)
- Spin-Spin-Kopplungskonstante (1)
- Spiro Compounds (1)
- Spironolacton (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Spontaneous Reduction of Mn(IV)-chlorin (1)
- Spurenelement (1)
- Sr2CO4 (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stammzell-Therapie (1)
- Stammzellentransplantation (1)
- Statine (1)
- Stereoselektive Synthese (1)
- Sterically Overcrowded Organosilicon Molecules (1)
- Sternpolymere (1)
- Sterols (1)
- Stofftransport <Biologie> (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural Changes (1)
- Structural and Conformational Changes (1)
- Structural dynamics (1)
- Structure Elucidation (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturbasiertes Design (1)
- Strychnin (1)
- Substanzbibliothek (1)
- Substituents (1)
- Substituierte Pyrimidine (1)
- Substituted Pyrimidines (1)
- Substitution of Ribose (1)
- Subtilin (1)
- Subvalent Main Group Metals (1)
- Subvalent compounds (1)
- Sudden cardiac death (1)
- Sulfhydryl Groups (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulfur Dioxide (1)
- Sulfur-nitrogen Ring Systems (1)
- Sumerian (1)
- Sumoylation (1)
- Superkomplex (1)
- Superoxiddismutase (1)
- Support Vector Regression (1)
- Support Vector Regression Model (1)
- Suramin (1)
- Surf1 (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Coverage (1)
- Symmetry Properties (1)
- Synthese (1)
- Syntheses (1)
- Synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- Säure-Base-Katalyse (1)
- T-Lymphozyten-Rezeptor (1)
- T-cell (1)
- TAP Transporter (1)
- TAR-RNA (1)
- TATU (1)
- TBMP (1)
- TDDFT (1)
- TEMPO (1)
- TERRA RNA (1)
- TICT (1)
- TLS refinement (1)
- TRP vanilloid (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- TSC2 (1)
- TSE (1)
- Taddol (1)
- Taspase1 (1)
- Tat-TAR-Interaktion (1)
- Tat-TAR-Komplex (1)
- Tat-TAR-complex (1)
- Tau-Protein (1)
- Teilchengröße (1)
- Tellurates (1)
- Tellurium Organic Compounds (1)
- Temperature Dependence (1)
- Tetra(2'-pyridyl)pyrazine (1)
- Tetra(methylthio)thiophene (1)
- Tetrabenzoato-tetrachloro-dimolybdate (1)
- Tetraederstruktur (1)
- Tetraketone Radical Anion (1)
- Tetranuclear Ti Cluster (1)
- Tetraphenyl-p-benzoquinone Reduction (1)
- Tetraphenyl-p-quinodimethane Dianion (1)
- Tetraphenylbutatriene Radical Anion and Dianion Salts (1)
- Tetrelbindung (1)
- Tetrodotoxin (1)
- Theoretical chemistry (1)
- Thermal Retrotrimerization (1)
- Thermal motion (1)
- Thermodynamic Excess Functions (1)
- Thermodynamic excess functions (1)
- Thermowaage (1)
- Thienylidene Complexes (1)
- Thiocarbonates (1)
- Thiolate Ligands (1)
- Thionitrosyl Complexes (1)
- Thrombozyt (1)
- Thrombozyten (1)
- Thymian <Gattung> (1)
- Thymus piperella (1)
- Thyroidhormone (1)
- Time-Resolved Spectroscopy (1)
- Time-resolved Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- Time-resolved Fluorescence (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Titandioxid (1)
- Titanium (1)
- TmRh2Si2 (1)
- Toll-like receptors (1)
- Toll-like-Rezeptoren (1)
- Torsionswinkel (1)
- Toxicoproteomics (1)
- Toxin (1)
- Toxizitätstest (1)
- Transcriptioncontrol (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transgene Tiere (1)
- Transient absorption (1)
- Transient receptor potential (1)
- Transition Metals (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Transkriptionssteuerung (1)
- Translation <Genetik> (1)
- Transmembran (1)
- Transmembranregion (1)
- Transplantatabstoßung (1)
- Transponierbares Element (1)
- Transporter (1)
- Transportprozess (1)
- Triazene (1)
- Tricyanomethane Derivatives (1)
- Tricycloheptane (1)
- Tridentate Ligands (1)
- Triel (1)
- Trifluoromethoxy groups (1)
- Trifluoromethyl Derivatives (1)
- Trifluoromethylazide (1)
- Trigonal Prismatic Pd-Se Cluster (1)
- Trimethylchloromethane (1)
- Trimethylchlorosilane (1)
- Trimethyltin Chloride (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Tripeptide (1)
- Triphenylmethylphosphonium Nitrite and Formate (1)
- Triphenylphosphane (1)
- Triplett-Triplett-Energieübertragung (1)
- Trypsin (1)
- Tumortherapie (1)
- Tween20 (1)
- Typ I Interferone (1)
- U V /V IS Spectra (1)
- U4/U6 (1)
- UBA5 (1)
- UFC1 (1)
- UFM1 (1)
- UGCG (1)
- USIR (1)
- UUUU (1)
- UV spectra (1)
- Ubihydroquinon-cytochrom-c-reductase (1)
- Ubiquitin-Protein-Ligase (1)
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafine particles (UFPs) (1)
- Ultrakurzzeit-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie (1)
- Ultraviolettspektroskop (1)
- Umpolung (1)
- Underdrawing (1)
- Untereinheit (1)
- Urospermum picroides (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Valence (1)
- Valence State (1)
- Ventricular tachycardia (1)
- Verbesserung (1)
- Verpackung (1)
- Verzeichnis (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vibrational Energy Transfer (1)
- Vibronic Coupling (1)
- Vinyl Azide (1)
- Viologene (1)
- Virologie (1)
- Virtual screening (1)
- Vitamin D Rezeptor (VDR) (1)
- Vitriole ; Pyrolyse ; Schwefelsäure ; Entdeckung ; Geschichte (1)
- Vitriole ; Pyrolyse ; Schwefelsäureherstellung (1)
- Volmer–Weber growth (1)
- Wachstumsfaktor (1)
- Wafer (1)
- Wang resin (1)
- Wasserstoffbrückenbindung (1)
- Wasserstoffperoxid (1)
- Wasserstoffperoxid; Chemische Reaktion; Phosphoreszenzspektroskopie (1)
- Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (1)
- Weihrauchstrauch (1)
- Western Mediterranean (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Wide-scope chemical target screening (1)
- Wirkstoff (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wnt (1)
- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Co- and Mn-Clusters (1)
- X-Ray Crystallography (1)
- X-Ray Structure (1)
- X-ray crystal structure determination (1)
- X-ray detectors (1)
- XRPD (1)
- Xenopus laevis-Oozyten (1)
- Xenorhabdus (1)
- X‐ray diffraction (1)
- Yarrowia lipolytica F1Fo-ATP synthase (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Yeast-Two-Hybrid-System (1)
- ZNS-Bioverfügbarkeit (1)
- Zelladhäsion (1)
- Zellaufnahme (1)
- Zellfreies System (1)
- Zellkultur (1)
- Zellmigration (1)
- Zellstudien (1)
- Zersetzungsreaktion (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zirconium (1)
- Zolpidem (1)
- Zweiphotonen (1)
- [pi]-[pi] interaction (1)
- aIF (1)
- abnormality detection (1)
- absolute configuration (1)
- ab initio calculations (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- acetylcholine binding protein (1)
- acridine orange (1)
- actin (1)
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- acyl carrier protein, polyketide synthases, Curacin cluster (1)
- adaptor mediated recruitment (1)
- additives (1)
- adhesion (1)
- affinities (1)
- alanylphenylalanyl derivative (1)
- aldosterone (1)
- algebraic diagrammatic construction (1)
- alkali and alkaline earth metal salts (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- alkylation (1)
- amidiniumsalts (1)
- amorphous solid dispersions (1)
- amorphous stability (1)
- amyloidogenesis (1)
- anaerobic energy metabolism (1)
- analytical chemistry (1)
- analytics (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- anilinopyrimidine (1)
- ankyrin (1)
- anthrone (1)
- antiangiogenic therapy resistance (1)
- antibacterial activities (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antibody Fv fragment (1)
- apolipoprotein e (1)
- apoptotic cells (1)
- apoptotische Zellen (1)
- aptamer (1)
- arachidonate (1)
- arachidonic acid (1)
- argonaute protein (1)
- aromatic amino acid (1)
- artificial docking domains (1)
- artificial ribonucleases (1)
- assembly (1)
- asymmetrische Katalyse (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- atropisomers (1)
- attention module (1)
- automated assignment (1)
- automation (1)
- autophagy (1)
- axon bifurcation (1)
- axon branching (1)
- aza-Michael Addition (1)
- azides (1)
- azobenzene (1)
- barstar (1)
- basement membrane (1)
- bc1-Komplex (1)
- bcr-abl (1)
- benzazepinone (1)
- benzothiazoles (1)
- benzoxazine (1)
- bicarbonates (1)
- big data (1)
- bilin-binding photoreceptors (1)
- binding affinity (1)
- bioactivity testing (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- bioconjugation (1)
- bioequivalence (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological chemistry (1)
- biological macromolecules (1)
- biomembranes (1)
- biophysical investigation (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biorelevant dissolution (1)
- biotin (1)
- bio‐enabling formulations (1)
- biphasic (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- blood–brain barrier (1)
- blue native PAGE (1)
- bond activation (1)
- borane (1)
- boride (1)
- boron heterocycles (1)
- boswellic acid (1)
- bovine pneumonia (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- bromodomains (1)
- buchu (1)
- buffer capacity (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- cAMP (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cGMP signalling (1)
- cMYC (1)
- cPLA2 (1)
- caged ATP (1)
- caged compound (1)
- caged diacylglycerol (1)
- caged nucleosides (1)
- caging (1)
- calcium (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- cancer stem cells (1)
- carbazole ligands (1)
- carbenium ions (1)
- carbide (1)
- carbodiimide (1)
- carbon and proton assignments (1)
- carbon direct detection (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- carbonates (1)
- carcinogenesis (1)
- carotenoid radical cation (1)
- celecoxib (1)
- cell studies (1)
- cell uptake (1)
- cell-free (1)
- centrosome (1)
- centrosome linker (1)
- ceramide synthase (1)
- cerebrospinal fluid (1)
- chalcogen ligands (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- characterisation (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- charge-transfer (1)
- chelator lipid (1)
- chemical bonding (1)
- chemical probes (1)
- chemical shift assignment (1)
- chemical signaling (1)
- chemical synthesis (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- chemical vapour deposition (1)
- chemical-induced proximity (1)
- chemiluminescence (1)
- chemische Charakterisierung (1)
- chemistry education (1)
- chemoenzymatic synthesis (1)
- chemogenomics (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chirality (1)
- chlorophyll triplets (1)
- chlorosilane (1)
- cigaret smoke (1)
- citrullination (1)
- clathrin heavy chains (1)
- cleavage of DNS (1)
- cleavage of large RNA molecules (1)
- cleavage site selection (1)
- click azide-alkyne (1)
- cluster (1)
- co-crystal (1)
- coarse-grained simulations (1)
- cobaltocene (1)
- cocrystalline adducts (1)
- cocrystals (1)
- cofactor recruitment (1)
- collagen (1)
- colon (1)
- colon cancer (1)
- colorimetric signals (1)
- combinatorial biosynthesis (1)
- commercialization (1)
- complex I (1)
- complex structure (1)
- complexing agent stability (1)
- complexity (1)
- computer-aided diagnosis (1)
- conformation analysis (1)
- conformational flexibility (1)
- conformational space (1)
- continuous rotation (1)
- cooperativity (1)
- copper phthalocyanine (1)
- correlated dynamics (1)
- correlated electrons (1)
- correlations (1)
- cortical flow (1)
- coumarin (1)
- coumarin-4-ylmethyl (1)
- coupling (1)
- cross-correlation functions (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- crosslinking (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryo-electron tomography (1)
- cryoem (1)
- cryoet (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- crystal engineering (1)
- crystal structure determination (1)
- cupriavidus necator (1)
- cyanines (1)
- cyclic compounds (1)
- cyclic depsipeptide (1)
- cyclic nucleotide analogues (1)
- cyclic nucleotide binding proteins (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cyclophilin (1)
- cysteine reactivity (1)
- cytidine deaminase (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- cytochromes (1)
- cytokine receptor (1)
- cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (1)
- dNTP hydrolysis (1)
- dNTP pool sanitizing enzymes (1)
- dNTPase inhibitor (1)
- dPCA (1)
- dSTORM (1)
- data curation (1)
- data-collection strategy (1)
- de novo design (1)
- decachlorocyclopentasilanes (1)
- decomposition reaction (1)
- dedifferentiation (1)
- deep learning (1)
- dehydrogenases (1)
- dementia (1)
- denisovite (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- density functional theory (1)
- deposition; dissociation; electron beam induced deposition (EBID); focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID); precursor; trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) ((CH3-C5H4)Pt(CH3)3) (1)
- designed multitarget ligands (1)
- detoxification (1)
- deubiquitinating enzymes (1)
- de novo design (1)
- diMannich base (1)
- diacylglycerides (1)
- diacylglycerol kinase (1)
- diamond anvil cell (1)
- diazo compounds (1)
- diboranes (1)
- difference spectra (1)
- differential scanning fluorimetry (1)
- diffusion barrier (1)
- diffusion dynamics (1)
- diffusion states (1)
- digestion artifact (1)
- digital workflow (1)
- dihedral angles (1)
- dipolare Schicht (1)
- disorder (1)
- dispersion-corrected density functional theory (1)
- dissertation (1)
- dithiourea (1)
- divalent metal ions (1)
- docking domains (1)
- domino reactions (1)
- dopamine D2S/D3 receptor (1)
- doppelt angeregte Zustände (1)
- dorsal root ganglia (1)
- doubly excited states (1)
- drinking water (1)
- drug development (1)
- drug target (1)
- drug-likeness (1)
- dsRNA (1)
- dye labeling (1)
- dynamic nuclear polarization (1)
- easyPACId (1)
- edogenous retroviruses (1)
- elastic stiffness (1)
- electrical remodeling (1)
- electrical transport characteristics (1)
- electrochemical CO2 reduction (1)
- electron beam induced deposition (1)
- electron diffraction tomography (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron transfer chain (1)
- electron-beam lithography (1)
- electronic band structure (1)
- electron–phonon coupling (1)
- electrophilic natural products (1)
- electrophysiology (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- element speciation (1)
- embryonic stem cells (1)
- enantioselektive Katalyse (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- endophilin (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endothelium (1)
- energy barriers (1)
- engineering (1)
- enrichment (1)
- enzymatic electrosynthesis (1)
- enzymatically cleavable Linker (1)
- enzymatisch spaltbarer Linker (1)
- enzyme catalysis (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epoxides (1)
- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (1)
- erythrocyte (1)
- esterification (1)
- ethnobotany (1)
- etravirine (1)
- evolutionary algorithm (1)
- exact NOE (1)
- excited molecules (1)
- excited states (1)
- excited states dipole moment (1)
- exosome (1)
- experiment (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposure (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extreme conditions (1)
- f-MLF (1)
- farnesoid X receptor (1)
- fatty acid synthases (1)
- fatty acid synthesis (1)
- fatty-acid synthase (1)
- fatty-acid synthesis (1)
- fibrous materials (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- flavolignan (1)
- fluidity (1)
- fluorescence dye (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorescent proteins (1)
- fluorinated compounds (1)
- fluorine (1)
- fluorophore (1)
- flux growth (1)
- folding landscapes (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- food effect (1)
- force field (1)
- formate (1)
- formylation (1)
- fracture strength (1)
- fracture strength equation (1)
- fragment-based design (1)
- fragment-based drug design (1)
- framework-structured solids (1)
- free energy landscape (1)
- free mRNA (1)
- fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-protein (1)
- fulgide (1)
- funktionelle Materialien (1)
- fusion (1)
- gangliosides (1)
- gelatin (1)
- gelfiltration (1)
- gender (1)
- genetic analysis (1)
- genetic code expansion (1)
- genome editing (1)
- glass forming ability (1)
- glidobactin (1)
- glidobactins (1)
- globosides (1)
- glucosylceramide (1)
- glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutamate transport (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glutathionylation (1)
- glycine receptor (1)
- glycolysis (1)
- glycoproteins (1)
- gold (1)
- graetzel cell (1)
- graphene (1)
- green chemistry (1)
- green fluorescent protein (1)
- green gap (1)
- groundwater (1)
- guanidine analogs (1)
- guanidine-II riboswitch (1)
- hTERT (1)
- hairpin polyamides (1)
- hairpins (1)
- halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- hepatic phenotype (1)
- hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (1)
- hepatoma cell line (1)
- heterocycles (1)
- heterodimer (1)
- heterologous expression (1)
- hexahydropyrimidine (1)
- hexahydropyrimidine (1)
- high content imaging (1)
- high temperature (1)
- high-pressure chemistry (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- histamine (1)
- histamine h3 receptor (1)
- hochfluorierte Aromaten (1)
- homing (1)
- homodimer (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- homogeneous time-resolved FRET (HTRF) (1)
- homologe Reihe (1)
- hotmelt extrusion (1)
- hotochromism (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- human intestinal fluid (1)
- human serum albumin (1)
- hybrid approach (1)
- hybrid materials (1)
- hydrate (1)
- hydrazide (1)
- hydrogen evolution (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- hydromethylthionine (1)
- hydroxynaphthoquinone (1)
- hyperconjugation (1)
- hyperconjugative interaction (1)
- hyperforin (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- hämatopoetischer Stammzellen (1)
- imadazolidine (1)
- imidazole (1)
- imidazolidine (1)
- immune response (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunology (1)
- in silico tools (1)
- in vitro Assay (1)
- in vitro activities (1)
- in vitro model (1)
- in vivo Assay (1)
- in-vitro–in-vivo correlation (1)
- incense (1)
- inclination compass (1)
- indole (1)
- information literacy (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inhibitor design (1)
- inorganic materials (1)
- inorganic synthesis (1)
- inositol (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interferon receptor (1)
- internalin B (1)
- intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- intrinsically disordered protein (1)
- inverse-sandwich complex (1)
- iodine (1)
- ion beam induced deposition (1)
- ion translocation (1)
- ionization (1)
- iron metabolism (1)
- irradiation-promoted exchange reaction (1)
- isilane cleavage (1)
- isocyanate (1)
- isomere Reihe (1)
- isomerization mechanisms (1)
- isoprenoids (1)
- isopropanol (1)
- isothiocyanate (1)
- isotope labeling (1)
- itch (1)
- jumping crystals (1)
- kinetic resolution (1)
- kolorektale Tumorzellen (1)
- kolorektales Karzinom (1)
- kuzwirksame Insulinanaloga (1)
- lacto/neo-lacto series GSLs (1)
- lactose permease (1)
- large functional RNAs (1)
- laser heating (1)
- layer-by-layer (LbL) (1)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- lentiviral vector (1)
- lentiviral vectors (1)
- lentiviraler Vektor (1)
- lentivrale Vektoren (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- leukotriene A4 hydrolase (1)
- lichtaktivierbare Nukleinsäure (1)
- lichtaktivierbare Werkzeuge (1)
- ligand (1)
- ligand binding (1)
- ligand design (1)
- ligand interactions (1)
- ligases (1)
- light control (1)
- light harvesting complexes (1)
- light-harvesting complexes (1)
- lightactivatable nucleic acids (1)
- linguistic linked open data (1)
- linked open data (1)
- lipase (1)
- lipid based formulation (1)
- lipid suspension (1)
- lipidic cubic phase (1)
- lipids (1)
- lipoxin (1)
- lipoxygenase (1)
- lithium chloride (1)
- lithium hydride (1)
- liver carcinogenicity (1)
- liver cell lines (1)
- liver diseases (1)
- liver metabolism (1)
- locked nucleic acids (1)
- longitudinale Medikationsveränderung (1)
- low-dose irradiation (1)
- low-resource languages (1)
- lppr5 (1)
- lysozyme (1)
- mGluR (1)
- mPGES-2 (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mRNA translation (1)
- macromolecular complexes (1)
- macromolecular crystallography (1)
- macromolecular machines (1)
- macrophage (1)
- macrophage polarization (1)
- macrophages (1)
- magic angle spinning (1)
- magic-angle spinning (1)
- magnesite-II (1)
- magnetic measurements (1)
- magnetic properties (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetism (1)
- main group elements (1)
- major facilitator superfamily (1)
- malaria (1)
- mathematical analysis (1)
- mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- mechanochemistry (1)
- megasynthases (1)
- melibiose permease (1)
- melting point (1)
- memantine (1)
- membrane dynamics (1)
- membrane mimics (1)
- membrane protein complexes (1)
- membrane receptors (1)
- merocyanine (1)
- mesopore (1)
- mesoporous silica (1)
- metabolic enzyme engineering (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabotroper Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- metal carbonyl (1)
- metal organic derivatives (1)
- metal-free ribonucleases (1)
- metal-ion translocation (1)
- metallo β lactamases (1)
- metal–organic frameworks (1)
- methylene derivatives (1)
- miRNA (1)
- micelles (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbial electrosynthesis (1)
- microcontact printing (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- migration (1)
- minerals (1)
- mitochondriale Dysfunktion (1)
- mixed micelles (1)
- mixed valence compounds (1)
- modeling & simulation (1)
- modeling and simulation (1)
- modified oligodeoxynucleotides (1)
- modularity (1)
- molecular beam (1)
- molecular machines (1)
- molecular motors (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molekulare Werkzeuge (1)
- molecular co-crystal (1)
- monosilanes (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphology (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-network (1)
- multi-objective optimization (1)
- multi-task learning (1)
- multicolor imaging (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multidrug transport (1)
- multiresistant bacteria (1)
- multitarget drugs (1)
- musculoskeletal radiographs (1)
- mycolic acid (1)
- n-Ionizations (1)
- nESI (1)
- nanocrystalline materials (1)
- nanodiscs (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanoscience (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- native Peptide (1)
- natural compound synthesis (1)
- natural product (1)
- natural products (1)
- necroptosis (1)
- negative-stain electron microscopy (1)
- nephelometry (1)
- neural network (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neurons (1)
- nicht-kovalente Komplexe (1)
- nichtklassisch (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1)
- nikotinischer Acetylcholinrezeptor (1)
- niobium (1)
- niobium oxynitrides (1)
- niobium pentoxide (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitride (1)
- nitrogen direct detection (1)
- nitroindoles (1)
- nitrosonium nitrate (1)
- nitrosylation (1)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- non-canonical amino acid (1)
- non-classical (1)
- non-conventional hydrogen bonds (1)
- non-covalent complexes (1)
- non-natural nucleotide (1)
- non-photochemical quenching (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide syntheses (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- noncovalent interactions (1)
- nontarget (1)
- nor-N-mustard (1)
- normal liver cells (1)
- novel natural products (1)
- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- nuclear receptor-related 1 (1)
- nucleobases (1)
- nucleophilic boron (1)
- nucleophilic substitution (1)
- nucleoside analysis (1)
- nukleäre Hormonrezeptoren (1)
- oligosilanes (1)
- oncogene promoters (1)
- one-pot reaction (1)
- open-cube cluster (1)
- open-shell (1)
- optical spectroscopy (1)
- optogenetic (1)
- optogenetic stimulation (1)
- optogenetics (1)
- organic pigment (1)
- organic thin films (1)
- organische Pigmente (1)
- orthocarbonates (1)
- over-expression (1)
- oxazine (1)
- oxidases (1)
- oxidative (1)
- oxidative folding (1)
- oxonitridoborate (1)
- ozone (1)
- p-hydroxyphenacyl (1)
- p38 (1)
- p38 MAPK (1)
- p63 (1)
- pH (1)
- pH Indicator Dye (1)
- pain (1)
- pair distribution function analysis (1)
- pair distribution functions (1)
- paired samples (1)
- parameterization (1)
- parsing (1)
- particle size (1)
- patch clamp technique (1)
- patterning (1)
- pcr (1)
- peptide antibiotics (1)
- peptidyl-prolyl isomarase (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- phage display (1)
- phage lysis proteins (1)
- pharmacokinetics (1)
- pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), (1)
- pharmacological activity (1)
- pharmacophore model (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phenotypic screening (1)
- phenylsilane (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- phosphorus organic compounds; (1)
- phosphorus-fluoro compounds (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photlabile protecting group (1)
- photo reaction (1)
- photo-tethering (1)
- photoacid (1)
- photoacid generator (1)
- photoaktivierbar (1)
- photobleaching (1)
- photocage (1)
- photocages (1)
- photocaging (1)
- photochromism (1)
- photocycle (1)
- photodynamic effect (1)
- photoelectron spectra (1)
- photolabile Schutzgruppen (1)
- photolabile protection (1)
- photolysis (1)
- photooxidation (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photoswitch (1)
- photoswitchable organic fluorophores (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phototherapeutic window (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- phytochemical composition (1)
- phytochromes (1)
- planar polarity (1)
- plant symbioses (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- platelets (1)
- plppr5 (1)
- polarons (1)
- polycaprolactone (1)
- polyenes (1)
- polyhydroxy (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polymer infiltrated ceramic network (1)
- polymeric micelle (1)
- polymorphnuclear leukocytes (1)
- polynaphthoxazine materials (1)
- polypept(o)ide (1)
- polysilane (1)
- polysorbate 20 (1)
- polytypism (1)
- positively charged oxygen atoms (1)
- postsynthetical modification (1)
- postsynthetische Modifikation (1)
- potassium (1)
- potassium transporter (1)
- powder data (1)
- precipitation inhibitor (1)
- precursor synthesis (1)
- primary active transporters (1)
- primary human hepatocyte (1)
- primäre humane hepatozyten (1)
- privileged structures (1)
- problem-based learning (1)
- programmed cell death (1)
- proline isomerization (1)
- proteasome inhibitors (1)
- protein aggregation (1)
- protein capture (1)
- protein design (1)
- protein engineering (1)
- protein phosphorylation (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein structures (1)
- protein tyrosine kinase (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- protein–protein interaction (1)
- proteobacteria (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proteostasis stress (1)
- pseudotype (1)
- pull-down (1)
- pump-probe spectroscopy (1)
- purification of protein complexes (1)
- pyrazoles (1)
- quadratic temperature dependent resistivity (1)
- quantenpunkte (1)
- quantification (1)
- quinazoline ribonucleosides (1)
- quinazolinone alkylation (1)
- quorum sensing (QS) (1)
- rRNA (1)
- radiation-induced nanostructure (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- rapid thermal processing (RTP) (1)
- ratiometric (1)
- reactivated proviral loci (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- reaktivierte Proviren (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- recycling pathway (1)
- red light (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- reductases (1)
- reflectance spectra (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory science (1)
- rekombinante Proteintherapeutika (1)
- remote Carbenes (1)
- remote control (1)
- resin nano ceramics (1)
- resist characterisation (1)
- resist stripping (1)
- resolution of inflammation (1)
- resolvin (1)
- respirasomes (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- respiratory chain supercomplexes (1)
- response patterns (1)
- retinal proteins (1)
- retrograde transport (1)
- retroviral vector (1)
- retroviraler Vektor (1)
- reversible Terminatoren (1)
- reversible terminator (1)
- reversible terminators (1)
- rezeptor glutamat (1)
- rhodopsin (1)
- ribosomal exit tunnel (1)
- ribosome (1)
- ribosome quality control (1)
- riboswitch (1)
- ribozymes (1)
- rivastigmine (1)
- rootletin (1)
- rotational coherence spectroscopy (1)
- rotator phase (1)
- rotaxane shuttling (1)
- schiff base (1)
- schwedische Doppelmutation (1)
- secondary chemical shifts (1)
- secondary transport (1)
- secretome (1)
- selbst-anordnende (1)
- selbstanordnende Monolagen (SAMs) (1)
- selective isotopic labeling (1)
- selenolates (1)
- self-assembled monolayer (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- sequencing by synthesis (1)
- sequencing-by-synthesis (1)
- serum (1)
- shear stress (1)
- siRNA transfection (1)
- siRNA-Transfektion (1)
- silane (1)
- silatranes (1)
- silibinin (1)
- silica (1)
- silicon cleaning chemistry (1)
- silicon derivatives (1)
- silicon nanowires (1)
- silver coinage (1)
- silver salt (1)
- silybin (1)
- simplified production (1)
- simulation (1)
- single molecule (1)
- single particle cryo-EM (1)
- single-crystal X-ray diffraction (1)
- single-molecule FRET (1)
- single-molecule förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule imaging (1)
- single-particle cryoEM (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- single-particle tracking with photoactivated-localization microscopy (1)
- single-trajectory analysis (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- single‐molecule tracking (1)
- site-directed spinlabeling (1)
- site-specific labeling (1)
- skalare Kopplungskonstanten (1)
- skin (1)
- small intestine (1)
- small molecule (1)
- small protein (1)
- small proteins (1)
- small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- snow (1)
- sodium alkoxide (1)
- solid supported lipid bilayer (1)
- solid supported membrane (1)
- solid-phase synthesis (1)
- solid-supported membrane (1)
- solubility (1)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- soluble guanylyl cyclase (1)
- solution-state NMR (1)
- somatosensory system (1)
- sp2-carbonates (1)
- sp3-carbonates (1)
- specific drug targeting (1)
- specific interactions (1)
- specificity of cleavage (1)
- spezifische Wechselwirkungen (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate homologues (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- spin crossover (1)
- spinal cord (1)
- spiro compounds (1)
- spliceosome (1)
- ssFLYA (1)
- stability (1)
- stacking (1)
- steroid (1)
- stilbenes (1)
- stomach (1)
- strongly correlated electrons (1)
- strontium vanadate epitaxial films (1)
- structural biology and molecular biophysics (1)
- structural investigations (1)
- structure calculation (1)
- structure determination (1)
- structure ensemble (1)
- structure refinement (1)
- structure-activity relationships (1)
- structure-based design (1)
- structure-property relationship (1)
- strychnin (1)
- substrate-bound state (1)
- subtomogram averaging (1)
- subunit (1)
- sulfamide (1)
- sulfatides (1)
- sumo-1 (1)
- sumoylation (1)
- sunitinib (1)
- super-SMEDDS (1)
- super-SNEDDS (1)
- super-resolution (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- super-structure (1)
- supercomplex (1)
- superoxide (1)
- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- supersaturating drug delivery systems (1)
- supramolecular chain (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface water (1)
- surface-attached metal–organic framework (1)
- surface-mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) (1)
- surfactant (1)
- swelling (1)
- syn conformation (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthetic riboswitches (1)
- szentiamide (1)
- taddol (1)
- tau protein (1)
- telomerase (1)
- temperature jump (1)
- tetracycline aptamer (1)
- tetrahydroisoquinoline (1)
- tetrahydropyrans (1)
- tetrapyrrole-binding photoreceptors (1)
- therapeutic equivalence (1)
- thermal diffuse scattering (1)
- thin films (1)
- thiol inhibitors (1)
- thiolates (1)
- thiophenylazobenzene (1)
- thiourea (1)
- thromboxane (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- titanium dioxide (1)
- total scattering technique (1)
- total scattering techniques (1)
- toxins (1)
- trace elements (1)
- traget-fishing (1)
- trans-Hexafluoroazomethane (1)
- transacylation (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transdifferentiation (1)
- transient complex (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- triaminodihydropyrimidinone (1)
- triphenylmethyl ions (1)
- triptycene (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tuberculosis (1)
- tumor (1)
- twinning (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- type I interferon receptor (1)
- ubiquitin conjugating enzyme9 (1)
- ubiquitination (1)
- ultrafast (1)
- umpolung (1)
- umweltfreundliche Chemie (1)
- urotropine (1)
- valence (1)
- valences (1)
- validation (1)
- vanadium (1)
- vanadium oxides (1)
- vapor-liquid-solid mechanism (1)
- vapor–liquid–solid mechanism (1)
- venetoclax (1)
- verzögerte Transplantatfunktion (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- virology (1)
- virulence factor (1)
- voltage-gated proton channels (1)
- voltage-sensing domains (1)
- voltage-sensing phosphatases (1)
- water solubility (1)
- weakly supervised learning (1)
- xefoampeptides (1)
- yeast fatty acid synthase (1)
- yeast two-hybrid (1)
- yeast two-hybrid system (1)
- zeitabhängige Dichtefunktional-Theorie (1)
- zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenz (1)
- zeitaufgelöste IR-Spektroskopie (1)
- zielgerichtete Chemotherapie (1)
- zinc finger (1)
- zolpidem (1)
- µ-protein (1)
- Ätzen (1)
- Überbrückte Verbindungen (1)
- Überexpression (1)
- α-Aminophosphonates (1)
- α-Iminoketones (1)
- β -Diketiminate (1)
- β-Chloroethyl Azide (1)
- β-ᴅ-2′-Deoxyribosides (1)
- μ-Nitrido Complexes of Tungsten(V) (1)
- π Conjugation (1)
- π Perturbation (1)
- π-Interactions (1)
- π-clamp (1)
- π–π stacking (1)
Institute
- Biochemie und Chemie (1123)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (248)
- Pharmazie (151)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (47)
- Biowissenschaften (38)
- Medizin (36)
- Physik (31)
- Präsidium (27)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (18)
- MPI für Biophysik (16)
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a widely used technique for the characterization of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. It provides information on the stoichiometry, affinity, and the thermodynamic driving forces of interactions. This chapter exemplifies the use of ITC to investigate interactions between human autophagy modifiers (LC3/GABARAP proteins) and their interaction partners, the LIR motif containing sequences. The purpose of this report is to present a detailed protocol for the production of LC3/GABARAP-interacting LIR peptides using E. coli expression systems. In addition, we outline the design of ITC experiments using the LC3/GABARAP:peptide interactions as an example. Comprehensive troubleshooting notes are provided to facilitate the adaptation of these protocols to different ligand-receptor systems. The methodology outlined for studying protein-ligand interactions will help to avoid common errors and misinterpretations of experimental results.
Although iron-based catalysts are regarded as a promising alternative to precious metal catalysts, their precise electronic structures during catalysis still pose challenges for computational descriptions. A particularly urgent question is the influence of the environment on the electronic structure, and how to describe this properly with computational methods. Here, we study an iron porphyrin chloride complex adsorbed on a graphene sheet using density functional theory calculations to detail how much the electronic structure is influenced by the presence of a graphene layer. Our results indicate that weak interactions due to van der Waals forces dominate between the porphyrin complex and graphene, and only a small amount of charge is transferred between the two entities. Furthermore, the interplay of the ligand field environment, strong p − d hybridization, and correlation effects within the complex are strongly involved in determining the spin state of the iron ion. By bridging molecular chemistry and solid state physics, this study provides first steps towards a joint analysis of the properties of iron-based catalysts from first principles.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die schnelle Energietransfer- (EET) und Elektronentransfer (ET)-Dynamik unterschiedlichster Quantenpunkte (QD) spektroskopisch untersucht. Die untersuchten Systeme bestanden in den meisten Fällen aus Donor-Akzeptor-Paaren, bei denen die Halbleiternanokristalle als Donor fungierten. Der Fokus lag dabei auf der gezielten Anpassung des Donors, um die optimale Funktionalität zu erreichen. Die Untersuchung der Nanokristalle erstreckte sich daher von einfachen Kernen über verschiedene Kern-Schale-Partikel bis hin zu völlig anderen Strukturen wie Nanoplatelets (NPL). Als Akzeptor wurden eine Vielzahl von Molekülen verwendet, die sich als Elektronen- und/oder Energieakzeptoren für die verschiedenen QDs eignen.
Large international airports were identified as sources of ultrafine particles (UFPs) (Hu et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2012; Hsu et al., 2013; Keuken et al., 2015; Hudda and Fruin, 2016). Since September 2017 UFP emissions originating from the Frankfurt International Airport, Germany are monitored by the Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG) showing elevated UFP concentrations during airport operating hours (05:00–23:00 CET) (Ditas et al., 2022). Referring to that, the organic chemical composition of aviation-related UFPs emerging from the Frankfurt Airport was analysed by performing a comprehensive non-target screening of UFP filter samples.
Aluminium-filter samples were collected at an air quality monitoring station 4 km north of the Frankfurt Airport, using a 13-stage impactor system (Nano-MOUDI). The chemical
characterization of UFPs in the size range of 10-18 nm, 18-32 nm and 32-56 nm was accomplished by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, heated electrospray ionisation and mass analysis using an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer. Non-target screening revealed that the majority of detected compounds belong to homologous series of two different types of organic esters, which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils.
In reference to five different jet engine lubrication oils of various manufacturers, the corresponding lubricant base stocks and their additives, two amines and one organophosphate, were identified in the UFPs by the use of matching retention time, exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern of single organic molecules. The quantitative analysis of the jet engine oil constituents in the aviation-related UFPs with diameters < 56 nm was accomplished by standard addition. By characterizing the Nano-MOUDI, loss factors for each size stage were determined and used for correction accordingly. Particle-number size distribution measurements, conducted parallel to the filter sampling, enabled the determination of the jet engine oil contribution to the UFP mass.
Furthermore, the nucleation and particle formation potential of a commonly used synthetic jet engine lubrication oil was investigated in the laboratory. Thermodenuder experiments at 20 °C and 300 °C were carried out to monitor the gas-to-particle partitioning behaviour of jet engine oils. At 300 °C a significantly higher number of particles with a mean diameter of ~10 nm are formed, leading to a more than fivefold increase in total particle numbers compared to 20 °C. Particle diameters of the newly formed oil particles in the laboratory experiment appeared in the same size region as UFPs emerging from Frankfurt Airport. Particles originating from the Frankfurt city centre direction showed larger diameters.
Results indicate that aircraft emissions strongly influence the total mass of 10-18 nm particles. The jet oil fraction decreases for bigger particles (e.g., 18-56 nm), implying that these oils form new particles in the cooling exhaust gases of aircraft engines. In addition, non-target screening and in vitro bioassays on aviation-related PM2.5 filter samples were combined to provide indications for potential toxicologically relevant compounds in dependence of different wind directions and airport operations. Most recently, the applied non-target screening method was also used to identify seasonal variations in the organic aerosol composition in Beijing.
Herein, the high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis (11 GPa, 650 °C) of Tb3B10O17(OH)5 in a modified Walker-type multianvil device is presented. The structure of this rare-earth borate was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods and was found to crystallize orthorhombically in the space group Pmn21 (no. 31) with the unit cell parameters a = 16.2527(4), b = 4.4373(1), and c = 8.8174(2) Å. The new compound was further characterized using infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements, and temperature-dependent X-ray powder diffraction. Tb3B10O17(OH)5 decomposes to β-Tb(BO2)3 at temperatures higher than 460 °C. With increasing temperatures, the formation of μ-TbBO3 was observed, which transforms to π-TbBO3 upon cooling.
The title compound, di-μ3-chlorido-tetra-μ2-chlorido-tetrakis(diethyl ether-κO)bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetramagnesium, [Mg4(C4H9)2Cl6(C4H10O)4], features an Mg4Cl6 open-cube cluster. The two four-coordinate Mg2+ ions show an almost tetrahedral coordination, whereas the two six-coordinate Mg2+ ions have their ligands in an octahedral environment. The Mg—Cl bond lengths differ depending on the coordination number (2 or 3) of the bridging μ-Cl− ligands. There are few comparable structures deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Identifikation des Einflusses klassischer Labormaterialien und alternativer Experimentiermaterialien auf fachdidaktische Anforderungen an ein gelungenes Experiment im Chemieunterricht. Dabei umfassen alternative Experimentiermaterialien sowohl Materialien aus der alltäglichen Lebenswelt von Schülerinnen und Schülern als auch Materialien aus dem Bereich der Medizintechnik, die anstelle von Materialien des gängigen Laborbetriebs im Chemieunterricht eingesetzt werden. Um den Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials auf entsprechende Anforderungen untersuchen zu können, wurden im Rahmen eines Mixed-Method-Designs zwei aufeinander aufbauende Studien durchgeführt. Bei Studie I handelt es sich um eine qualitative Interviewstudie unter N = 13 Chemielehrkräften, mit denen vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund fachdidaktischer Anforderungen an ein gelungenes Schulexperiment problemorientierte, leit-fadengestützte Interviews zu Vor- und Nachteilen beim Einsatz alternativer Experimentiermaterialien und klassischer Labormaterialien im Chemieunterricht geführt wurden. Anhand des gewonnenen Interviewmaterials wurden anschließend zunächst Eigenschaften identifiziert, in denen sich beide Materialpools voneinander unterscheiden, um davon ausgehend ein Kategoriensystem aufstellen zu können, das in Form einer Matrix den Einfluss dieser Materialeigenschaften auf organisatorische, experimentelle und affektive Anforderungen an ein Schulexperiment im Chemieunterricht darstellt. Dabei konnte in Bezug auf organisatorische Anforderungen insbesondere ein Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials auf zeitliche und finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen sowie auf Anforderungen zur Sicherheit beim Experimentieren im Chemieunterricht festgestellt werden. Ergebnisse zum Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials auf affektive und experimentelle Anforderungen an ein Schulexperiment wurden wiederum genutzt, um anschließend Hypothesen zum Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials auf entsprechende Anforderungen an gelungene Experimente im Chemieunterricht zu generieren, dabei an gelungene Schülerexperimente im Speziellen. Diese Hypothesen wurden in einer zweiten Studie quantitativ getestet. Innerhalb eines experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns führten dazu insgesamt N = 293 Schülerinnen und Schüler eines von insgesamt fünf betrachteten Schülerexperimenten mit jeweils klassischem Labormaterial oder in einer jeweiligen Variante aus alternativem Experimentiermaterial durch. Im Anschluss beurteilten N = 237 Schülerinnen und Schüler im Rahmen einer Fragebogenerhebung ihre subjektive Wahrnehmung der Experimentiersituation bezüglich der Variablen Grad der Herausforderung, Beobachtbarkeit, Autonomieerleben, Anspannung/ Druck, Kompetenzerleben und Interesse/ Vergnügen. Mit Ausnahme des Kompetenzerlebens und der Beobachtbarkeit konnte zu allen betrachteten Variablen ein signifikanter Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials festgestellt werden. Um diese Ergebnisse der Hypothesentests näher beschreiben und differenzierter erläutern zu können, beantworteten die 237 Schülerinnen und Schüler zusätzlich offene Fragen zu den von ihnen verwendeten Experimentiermaterialien; mit N = 56 weiteren Schülerinnen und Schülern wurden aus diesem Grund außerdem leitfadengestützte Gruppeninterviews geführt. Um folglich auch aus Schülerperspektive möglichst allgemeingültige Einflüsse beider Materialpools auf fachdidaktische Anforderungen an ein gelungenes Schulexperiment zusammenfassen zu können, werden die Ergebnisse dieser qualitativen Datenerhebung ebenfalls in Form einer entsprechenden Matrix dargestellt und dabei von den konkret durchgeführten Experimenten abstrahiert. Neben dem bereits genannten Einfluss des Experimentiermaterials auf den von Schülerinnen und Schülern wahrgenommenen Grad der Herausforderung, das wahrgenommene Autonomieerleben, die/ den wahrgenommene/n Anspannung/ Druck beim Experimentieren sowie das wahrgenommene Interesse/ Vergnügen an der Experimentiersituation konnte dadurch insbesondere ein Materialeinfluss auf die Durchschaubarkeit eines Versuchsaufbaus und deren einzelner Bestandteile sowie auf die wahrgenommene Authentizität einer Experimentiersituation identifiziert werden. Dadurch zeigt die Gesamtuntersuchung auf theoretischer Ebene die Bedeutsamkeit des konkreten Experimentiermaterials als Qualitätsmerkmal des Chemieunterrichts und gibt Lehrkräften auf unterrichtspraktischer Ebene einen Überblick zu Potentialen und Grenzen alternativer Experimentiermaterialien im Vergleich zu etabliertem klassischem Labormaterial.
Mechanistic characterization of photoisomerization reactions in organic molecules and photoreceptors
(2023)
In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Einflüsse auf die Dynamik von Photoisomerisierungen in Phytochromen und indigoiden Photoschaltern untersucht. Beide Forschungsgebiete teilen wesentliche Aspekte wie die Kontrolle durch sterische Wechselwirkungen und den starken Einfluss der Polarität oder der ionischen Umgebung.
Auf dem Gebiet der Phytochrome wurde die relative Positionierung der knotenlosen Phytochrome innerhalb der Superfamilie der Phytochrome in Bezug auf ihre Photodynamik und den Effekt von Grundzustandsheterogenität herausgearbeitet. Es wurde anhand von ultraschnellen, zeitaufgelösten Anrege-Abtast-Experimenten der einzelnen GAF-Domäne All2699g1 im Vergleich mit dem vollständigen knotenlosen Phytochrom All2699g1g2 und dem strukturell ähnlichen knotenlosen Phytochrom SynCph2 gezeigt, dass knotenlose Phytochrome in ihrer Vorwärtsdynamik eine komplexe mehrphasige Kinetik mit einem langlebigen angeregten Zustand (~100 ps) aufweisen. Die beobachtete mehrphasige Kinetik konnte einer initialen Chromophordynamik sowie einer nicht exponentiellen Reorganisation der chromophor-umgebenden Proteinmatrix zugeordnet werden. Dies steht im starken Kontrast zur im Gebiet der Phytochrome etablierten Beschreibung derartiger mehrphasiger Kinetiken mittels heterogener Grundzustände. Stattdessen wurde ein konserviertes kinetisches Muster identifiziert, welches die mehrphasige Dynamik beschreibt und in allen in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Phytochrome beobachtet wurde. Zudem konnte dieses Muster in einem Phytochrom der Gruppe I und einem Phytochrom der Gruppe III, die einen ähnlichen Pr Dunkelzustand aufweisen, gezeigt werden, was eine breite Anwendbarkeit des damit verbundenen Mechanismus vermuten lässt. Weiterhin konnte die zentrale Rolle eines konservierten Tyrosins in der Photoisomerisierung anhand von Mutationsstudien in All2699g1 herausgearbeitet werden. Diese konservierte Aminosäure muss im Rahmen der Reorganisation der Proteinmatrix vom Chromophor weggezogen werden, damit die sterische Blockade abgebaut werden kann, die die Isomerisierung des Chromophors zunächst verhindert. Da diese Bewegung von diversen Faktoren in der den Chromophor umgebenden Proteinmatrix abhängt, weist sie eine nicht exponentielle Kinetik auf, die je nach Phytochrom, der spezifischen Flexibilität und dem vorhandenen Raum in der Bindetasche unterschiedliche Lebenszeiten aufweist.
Die Rückreaktion knotenloser Phytochrome konnte ebenfalls im Rahmen dieser Arbeit charakterisiert werden, welche im Pikosekundenbereich abläuft, und damit signifikant schneller ist als die Vorwärtsreaktion. Im Gegensatz zur Vorwärtsreaktion nimmt Grundzustandsheterogenität in der Rückreaktion eine weitaus bedeutendere Rolle ein. Hier weisen die in All2699g1 vorhandenen heterogenen Grundzustandspopulationen jeweils eine eigene Kinetik ihres angeregten Zustands auf, während die homogenen Grundzustände von All2699g1g2 und SynCph2 jeweils nur einen Zerfall des angeregten Zustands zeigen. Der Ursprung dieser Heterogenität konnte im Wasserstoffbrückennetzwerk des Chromophors lokalisiert und mit dem konservierten Tyrosin und einem konservierten Serin in der PHY-Domäne verknüpft werden. Die Anwesenheit der PHY-Domäne sorgt demnach für eine Verringerung der Grundzustandsheterogenität und des vorhandenen Raums in der Bindetasche, wodurch die Effizienz der Photoreaktion optimiert wird.
Zuletzt konnte die Millisekundendynamik knotenloser Phytochrome und der Einfluss der PHY-Domäne auf diese aufgeklärt werden. Die PHY-Domäne sorgt hierbei durch den verringerten Raum in der Bindetasche dafür, dass die zunächst stattfindende thermische Relaxation des Chromophors signifikant verlangsamt wird, während spätere Änderungen im Photozyklus nur wenig beeinflusst werden.
Auf dem Gebiet der indigoiden Photoschalter konnte, anhand eines sterisch überladenen Hemithioindigo Photoschalters, der Photoisomerisierungsmechanismus des Hula-Twists beobachtet und eine starke Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der entsprechenden Kinetik aufgezeigt werden. Aus den durchgeführten zeitaufgelösten Anrege-Abtast-Experimenten in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln konnte ein Modell für die Photodynamik des verwendeten Hemithioindigo Photoschalters entwickelt werden. In unpolaren Lösungsmitteln muss eine hohe Barriere zur produktiven konischen Durchschneidung überwunden werden, was zu Lebenszeiten des angeregten Zustands im Nanosekundenbereich führt. Der Weg zur produktiven konischen Durchschneidung folgt dabei dem Hula-Twist Mechanismus. Dieser Pfad ist in polaren Lösungsmitteln unerreichbar, weshalb eine schnelle Relaxation über eine unproduktive konische Durchschneidung stattfindet.
Im zweiten Projekt auf dem Gebiet der indigoiden Photoschalter wurde anhand der neuartigen Klasse der Iminothioindoxyl Photoschalter ein Schwingungsenergiedonor für Schwingungsenergietransferstudien entwickelt. Das daraus entwickelte Modellsystem, bestehend aus einer künstlichen Aminosäure auf Basis des Iminothioindoxyl Photoschalters und einem daran gekoppelten Schwingungsenergiesensor, wurde charakterisiert und die primäre Photoreaktion untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der angeregte Zustand des Modellsystems kurzlebig ist und unter Abgabe von großen Mengen an Schwingungsenergie zerfällt, unabhängig von der Anregungswellenlänge und dem verwendeten Lösungsmittel. Somit zeigt das entwickelte System vorteilhafte Eigenschaften für Schwingungsenergietransferstudien.
Insgesamt konnten somit die Mechanismen der Photoisomerisierungsreaktionen in knotenlosen Phytochromen und indigoiden Photoschaltern aufgeklärt und daraus die Relevanz der Umgebung für derartige Reaktionen herausgearbeitet werden.
This cumulative dissertation examines learning in chemistry laboratories, focusing on the challenges and benefits of problem-based learning (PBL) for novices in the lab. It addresses the lack of consistent understanding about what should be learned in labs and why it's important. The research aims to understand what students learn, how they learn, and how lab learning can be improved.
A central concept in PBL labs is Information Literacy, defined as a sociocultural practice enabling learners to identify and use information sources within a specific context as legitimized by the practice community.
The first publication, Wellhöfer and Lühken (2022a), investigates the relationship between PBL and learner motivation. It identifies factors that can foster students' intrinsic motivation in a PBL lab. Autonomy is found to be a key factor, increasing student motivation and presenting a model of the autonomous scientific process. This model involves four steps: information acquisition, designing and applying experimental procedures, experimental feedback, and autonomous process optimization. The results suggest that intrinsic motivation in PBL labs can be enhanced by enabling students to independently execute these steps.
The second publication, Wellhöfer and Lühken (2022b), examines the information process students undergo during their first PBL lab. Using a sociocultural framework, it explores Information Literacy to understand students' handling of information and their perceptions of the information process. The findings reveal that in PBL labs, developing a practical, applicable experimental procedure is crucial for problem-solving and significantly shapes the information-acquisition process. This process is iterative, influenced by new information, leading to more precise information needs. Students assess information quality based on its usefulness for their problem, implementability (considering cognitive understanding, available equipment, and psychomotor skills), and safety.
Furthermore, the role of privileged knowledge forms in evaluating the quality of text sources is explored. Students viewed non-scientific sources as "poor" and scientific sources as "good," yet used both for information gathering. There were discrepancies between their assessment of source quality and actual use, indicating that perception of source quality doesn't always affect their practical decisions.
The third publication, Wellhöfer, Machleid, and Lühken (2023), investigates students' information practices in the lab, focusing on discourse between novice learners and experienced assistants. It shows that theoretical knowledge isn't sufficient for independent practical action, and students need actionable social information from experienced community members. The results highlight that information literacy in the lab for newcomers to a community of practice has distinctive features, and physical experience and tacit knowledge are crucial for learning the methods and group-specific knowledge of the practice community. The article demonstrates how learning information literacy in a practice community requires a social and physical experience and provides insights on how educators can support this process.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a large superfamily of membrane-bound heme-containing monooxygenases. They are essential for the oxidative metabolism of endogenous substrates such as steroids and fatty acids, and biotransformation of xenobiotic substrates such as pollutants and drugs. Although the highest expression of CYPs is found in the liver, their cardiovascular expression is not negligible with CYP450 subfamilies being responsible for the production of vasoactive lipids. Of importance, the enzymatic activity of all microsomal CYP450 isoenzymes is dependent on the cytochrome P450 reductase (POR), an electron donor.
In the first part of this work, the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases on the biotransformation of organic nitrates was investigated. Recombinant SupersomesTM were selected and incubated with NTG and PETN, where nitrite release was measured as a nitric oxide (NO) footprint. The capacity of the recombinant POR/CYP450 system to release nitrite from NO prodrugs was shown to be CYP-specific and dose-dependent. To study the involvement of CYP450 enzymes in the vascular biotransformation of organic nitrates in vivo, a smooth muscle-cell specific, inducible knockout model of POR (smcPOR-/-) was generated. Organ chamber experiments revealed that the vascular POR/CYP450 system had no impact on the dilator response of NTG and PETN. In line with previous publications, inhibition of ALDH2, known as the main enzyme responsible for the activation of NTG and PETN, and/or abolishment of the endogenous NO production did not reveal a contribution of the POR/CYP450 system to the dilator response of NTG and PETN. To better understand these results, we looked at the expression of the hepatic and vascular expression of the POR/CYP450 system where the hepatic was increased by 10- to 40-fold as shown by Western blot analysis. We concluded that due to insufficient vascular expression of CYP450 enzymes their contribution to the bioactivation of NTG and PETN is only minor.
The second part of this work focused on the cardiac relevance of endothelial isoenzymes. For that purpose, an endothelial cell-specific, tamoxifen-inducible knockout model of POR was generated and characterized in the present study. RNA-sequencing of the heart of healthy mice revealed that the CYP450 expression is cell-specific with cardiac endothelial cells (ECs) exhibiting an enrichment in the expression of the Cyp4 family (ω-oxidation of fatty acids) and of the Cyp2 family (production of EETs). Under non-stredded conditions (i.e. 30 days after inducing the knockout by tamoxifen feeding), endothelial deletion of POR was associated with cardiac remodelling as observed by an increase in the ratio of heart weight to body weight and an increase in the cardiomyocyte area. RNA-sequencing of cardiac ECs suggested that loss of POR might alter ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis, which could potentially affect the cardiac contractility in ecPOR-/- mice. Metabolomics from cardiac tissue of CTL and ecPOR-/- mice were not indicative for an important metabolic function of the endothelial POR/CYP450 system in the heart. The combination of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) with endothelial deletion of POR accelerates the development of heart failure in mice as detected by a reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume. These effects were mediated most likely by a reduction in vascular EETs production, which increases vascular stiffness, resulting in cardiac remodeling.